CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2014

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt Disclosure [Text Block]

CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES

Convertible Debenture due January 2015

In January 2013, the Company received aggregate gross proceeds of $1,765,000 from the issuance of 8% convertible debentures due January 25, 2015 (“Convertible Debenture due January 2015”), of which $250,000 was received from our current President, Chief Executive Officer and director, and two other directors of the Company. The debentures paid interest quarterly and were convertible into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $0.15 per share on or before January 25, 2015. The embedded conversion feature had certain weighted average anti-dilution protection provisions which would be triggered if the Company issues its common stock, or certain common stock equivalents, (as defined) at a price below $0.15 per share. The Company had the option to pay any interest on the debentures in common stock based on the average of the closing prices of our common stock for the 10 trading days immediately preceding the interest payment date. The Company also had the option to pay any interest on the debentures with additional debentures. The Company had the right to prepay the debentures at any time without penalty upon 30 days prior notice but only if the sales price of the common stock is at least $.30 for 20 trading days in any 30-day trading period ending no more than 15 days before the Company’s prepayment notice. In conjunction with the issuance of the debentures, the Company issued warrants (the “Convertible Debenture Warrant”) to purchase 5,882,745 shares of its common stock. Each warrant grants the holder the right to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock at the purchase price of $0.30 per share on or before January 25, 2016. The Convertible Debenture Warrant may be exercised on a cashless basis only if there is not an effective registration statement covering such shares.

The Company determined, based upon authoritative guidance, that the conversion feature embedded within the Convertible Debenture due January 2015 should be valued separately and bifurcated from the host instrument and accounted for as a free-standing derivative liability and that the Convertible Debenture Warrant should also be valued and accounted for separately as an equity instrument. 

The derivative liability related to the embedded conversion feature is revalued at each reporting period as well as on the date of all conversions. The value of the derivative liability associated with the conversions and repayments of the Convertible Debenture due January 2015 during the three and six months ended April 30, 2014 was approximately $1,671,000 and $1,671,000, respectively. As of April 30, 2014, the Company determined the fair value of the derivative liability to be $-0-, as the full value of the Convertible Debenture due January 2015 was converted and/or repaid in full during the period. According, during the three and six months ended April 30, 2014 the Company recorded losses on the change in fair value of the derivative liability of approximately $651,000 and $1,131,000, respectively.

During the three months ended April 30, 2014, holders of $1,240,000 and approximately $9,000 of principal and interest, respectively, of the Convertible Debenture due January 2015, converted their holdings into an aggregate of 8,267,080 and 29,633 shares of Common Stock and holders of $200,000 of principal of the Convertible Debenture due January 2015 consented to prepayment (without conversion) of obligations to them under the instrument’s prepayment provisions. In connection with these conversions and prepayments the Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $483,000. This loss represents the excess of the fair value of Common Stock issued and cash paid on the date of the respective conversions and prepayments over net book value of the debt on the date of conversion and/or repayment. Since the conversion feature on the Convertible Debenture due January 25, 2015 was determined to be a derivative liability, the net book value includes both the value of the debt, net of discount and the portion of derivative liability related to the conversion feature.

The loss on extinguishment of debt was calculated as follows:

	For the Three and Six Months Ended April 30, 2014
Face value of debt converted and/or prepaid	$	1,440,000
Less: discount		(658,232)
Plus: value of derivative liability		1,670,704
Net book value of debt converted	$	2,452,472
Fair value of Common stock and cash issued		2,935,387
Loss on extinguishment of debt	$	482,915

 As of April 30, 2014, the Convertible Debenture due January 2015 was extinguished in full.   However, the Company needed to determine the fair value of the derivative liability for the embedded conversion feature immediately prior to the conversion, in order to determine the change in the fair value of the derivative for the period.   The Company determined to measure the derivative immediately prior to the conversion at its intrinsic value, since this method most fairly measured the value of the derivative liability.   The intrinsic value computation is provided below.  

	As of April 30, 2014
Stock price used for valuation	$	0.34
		6,667 shares issued per $1,000 face value
Aggregate intrinsic value of the $1,150,000 of principal outstanding on April 30, 2014, immediately prior to conversion and repayment	$	1,456,797

The amortization of debt discount related to the Convertible Debenture due January 2015 was approximately $114,000 and $233,000 for the three and six months ended April 30, 2014, respectively.

Convertible Debenture due November 2016

 In November 2013, the Company received aggregate gross proceeds of $3,500,000 from the issuance of 6% convertible debentures due November 11, 2016 (“Convertible Debenture due November 2016”).  The debentures pay interest annually and are convertible into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $0.1892 per share on or before November 11, 2016.  The embedded conversion feature has certain weighted average anti-dilution protection provisions which would be triggered if the Company issues its common stock, or certain common stock equivalents, (as defined) at a price below $0.142 per share.  The Company has the option to pay any interest on the debentures in common stock based on 90% of the volume weighted average closing sales price of our common stock for the 30 trading days immediately preceding the interest payment date.  In conjunction with the issuance of the debentures, the Company issued warrants (the “Convertible Debenture Warrant”) to purchase 9,249,472 shares of its common stock.  Each warrant grants the holder the right to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock at a fixed purchase price of $0.3784 per share on or before November 11, 2016.  The Convertible Debenture Warrant may be exercised on a cashless basis only if there is not an effective registration statement covering such shares.

The Company determined, based upon authoritative guidance, that the conversion feature embedded within the Convertible Debenture due November 2016 should be valued separately and bifurcated from the host instrument and accounted for as a free-standing derivative liability and that the Convertible Debenture Warrant should also be valued and accounted for separately as an equity instrument. 

The Company determined the fair value of each of the three elements included within the Convertible Debenture due November 2016.  The debenture portion (without the conversion feature) bearing interest at 6% was determined to be a debt instrument with a fair value of $2,710,000.  The embedded conversion feature was determined to be a derivative liability with a fair value of $1,570,000.  The Convertible Debenture Warrant was determined to be an equity instrument with a fair value of $740,000.  The Company determined the fair value of each of these instruments based upon the assumptions and methodologies as discussed below.

Since the Convertible Debenture Warrant was determined to be an equity instrument, the Company first computed the relative fair value of the Convertible Debenture due November 2016 (including the value of its conversion feature) with a fair value of $4,280,000 and the Convertible Debenture Warrant with a fair value of $740,000.   Accordingly, the relative fair value of the Convertible Debenture Warrant and the Convertible Debenture due November 2016 (including the value of its conversion feature) was determined to be $515,936 and $2,984,064, respectively.  Then, from the relative fair value of the Convertible Debenture due November 2016, the Company deducted in full the fair value of the embedded conversion feature of $1,570,000.   The discount of $2,085,936 applied to the face value of the Convertible Debenture due November 2016 consists of the sum of the relative fair value of the Convertible Debenture Warrant of $515,936 and the full value of the bifurcated conversion option derivative liability of $1,570,000.  The Convertible Debenture due November 2016 was recorded at a net value of $1,414,064, representing its face value of $3,500,000, less aggregate discounts for the derivative liability and warrant of $2,085,936, as summarized in the table below.

Face value of Convertible Debenture due November 2016			$	3,500,000
Fair value of embedded conversion feature	$	1,570,000
Relative fair value of Convertible Debenture Warrant		515,936
Discount	$	2,085,936		(2,085,936)
Proceeds attributable to the Convertible Debenture due November 2016			$	1,414,064

Accordingly, the Company accounted for the full amount of the discount as an offset to the Convertible Debenture due November 2016, amortizable under the effective interest method over the term of the debenture.

The Company calculated the fair value of the embedded conversion feature of the Convertible Debenture due November 2016 using a Monte Carlo simulation, with the observable assumptions as provided in the table below. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the reporting entity’s embedded conversion feature are expected stock prices, levels of trading and liquidity of the Company stock, probability of default of the host instrument, and loss severity in the event of such default. Significant increases in the expected stock prices and expected liquidity would result in a significantly higher fair value measurement. Significant increases in either the probability or severity of default of the host instrument would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement. 

	As of November 11, 2013
Stock price on valuation date	$	0.20
Conversion price	$	0.189
Discount for lack of marketability		35.5%
Term (years)		3.00
Expected volatility		102.8%
Weighted average risk-free interest rate		0.62%
Trials		100,000
Aggregate fair value	$	1,570,000

 The Company calculated the fair value of the Convertible Debenture Warrant issued on November 11, 2013 using a Monte Carlo simulation, with the observable assumptions as provided in the table below.  The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the reporting entity’s warrant value are expected stock prices, levels of trading and liquidity of the Company stock, probability of default of the host instrument, and loss severity in the event of such default. Significant increases in the expected stock prices and expected liquidity would result in a significantly higher fair value measurement. Significant increases in either the probability or severity of default of the host instrument would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement:

	As of November 11, 2013
Stock price on valuation date	$	0.20
Exercise price	$	0.378
Discount for lack of marketability		22%
Term (years)		3.00
Expected volatility		102.8%
Weighted average risk-free interest rate		0.6%
Number of warrants		9,249,472
Aggregate fair value	$	740,000

The Company determined the fair value of the Convertible Debenture due November 2016 by preparing an analysis of discounted cash flows, using a discount rate of 16.0%, which the Company deemed appropriate given the Company’s current risk scenarios.

The derivative liability related to the embedded conversion feature is revalued at each reporting period as well as on the date of all conversions, as discussed, below.  As of April 30, 2014, the Company determined the fair value of the derivative liability to be $2,750,000, and accordingly, during the three and six months ended April 30, 2014, the Company recorded a loss on the change in the fair value of the derivative liability of approximately $340,000 and $1,180,000, respectively.

As of April 30, 2014, the Company calculated the fair value of the embedded conversion feature of the Convertible Debenture due November 2016 using a Monte Carlo simulation, with the observable assumptions as provided in the table below.  The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the reporting entity’s embedded conversion feature are expected stock prices, levels of trading and liquidity of the Company stock, probability of default of the host instrument, and loss severity in the event of such default.  Significant increases in the expected stock prices and expected liquidity would result in a significantly higher fair value measurement.  Significant increases in either the probability or severity of default of the host instrument would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement. 

	April 30, 2014
Stock price used for valuation	$	0.340
Conversion price		0.189
Discount for lack of marketability		37.8%
Term (years)		2.5
Expected volatility		103%
Weighted average risk-free interest rate		0.65%
Trials		100,000
Aggregate fair value	$	2,750,000

The amortization of debt discount related to the Convertible Debenture due November 2016 for the three and six months ended April 30, 2014 was approximately $115,000 and $213,000, respectively.

In connection with the issuance of the Convertible Debenture due November 2016, the Company incurred legal costs which were allocated as provided below:

Attributable to:	Accounting Treatment	Amount
The embedded conversion feature (derivative)	Expensed as incurred	$	8,593
The 8% Convertible Debenture Warrant	Charged to additional paid-in capital		2,824
The 8% Convertible Debenture	Recorded as deferred issuance costs and amortized under the interest method over the term of the 8% Convertible Debenture		7,739
Total		$	19,156

            In connection with the issuance of the Convertible Debenture due November 2016, on February 7, 2014, the Company prepared and filed a registration statement registering for resale the shares of its common stock which may be issued upon the conversion of the debenture and exercise of the warrant consistent with the terms and conditions of the debenture agreement the Company entered into with the holders of the registrable shares listed above.

            The Company has agreed to maintain the effectiveness of the registration statement through the earlier of three years from the date of the issuance of the Convertible Debenture due November 2016 or until Rule 144 of the Securities Act is available to the holders to allow them to sell all of their registrable securities thereunder.