EXHIBIT (a)(6)

GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION

NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9

Guidelines for Determining the Proper Identification Number to Give the Payer — Social Security numbers have nine digits separated by two hyphens: i.e., 000-00-0000. Employer identification numbers have nine digits separated by only one hyphen: i.e., 00-0000000. The table below will help determine the number to give the payer.

For this type of account:
		Give the NAME and
		SOCIAL SECURITY
number of —
1.	Individual	The individual
2.	Two or more individuals (joint account)	The actual owner of the account or, if combined funds, any one of the individuals(1)
3.	Custodian account of a minor (Uniform Gift to Minor Act)	The minor(2)
4.	a. The usual revocable savings trust (grantor is also trustee)	The grantor-trustee(1)
	b. So-called trust account that is not a legal or valid trust under State law	The actual owner(1)
5.	Sole proprietorship	The owner(3)
6.	Sole proprietorship	The owner(3)
7.	A valid trust, estate, or pension trust	Legal entity(1)
8.	Corporate	The corporation
9.	Association, club, religious, charitable, educational or other tax-exempt organization	The organization
10.	Partnership	The partnership
11.	A broker or registered nominee	The broker or nominee
12.	Account with the Department of Agriculture in the name of a public entity (such as a state or local government, school district, or prison) that receives agricultural program payments	The public entity

(1)	List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish. If only one person on a joint account has a social security number, that person’s number must be furnished.
(2)	Circle the minor’s name and furnish the minor’s social security number.
(3)	You must show your individual name, but you may also enter your business or ‘doing business as’ name. You may use either your social security number or employer identification number (if you have one).
(4)	List first and circle the name of the legal trust, estate, or pension trust. (Do not furnish the identifying number of the personal representative or trustee unless the legal entity itself is not designated in the account title.)

Note:  If no name is circled when there is more than one name, the number will be considered to be that of the first name listed.

GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION

NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9

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Obtaining a Number

If you don’t have a taxpayer identification number or you don’t know your number, obtain Internal Revenue Service Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Number Card, or Form SS-4, Application for Employer Identification Number, at your local office of the Social Security Administration or the Internal Revenue Service and apply for a number.

Payees Exempt from Backup Withholding

Payees specifically exempted from backup withholding on payments made in connection with the offer include the following:

    •  A corporation.

    •  A financial institution.

    •  An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a), or an individual retirement plan.

    •  The United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof.

    •  A state, the District of Columbia, a possession of the United States, or any subdivision or instrumentality thereof.

    •  A foreign government, a political subdivision of a foreign government, or any agency or instrumentality thereof.

    •  An international organization, or any agency or instrumentality thereof.

    •  A registered dealer in securities or commodities registered in the U.S. or a possession of the U.S.

    •  A real estate investment trust.

    •  A common trust fund operated by a bank under section 584(a).

    •  An entity registered at all times during the tax year under the Investment Company Act of 1940.

    •  A foreign central bank of issue.

    Exempt payees described above should file Form W-9 to avoid possible erroneous backup withholding. FILE THIS FORM WITH THE PAYER, FURNISH YOUR TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, WRITE “EXEMPT” ON THE FACE OF THE FORM, SIGN AND DATE THE FORM AND RETURN IT TO THE PAYER. IF YOU ARE A NONRESIDENT ALIEN OR A FOREIGN ENTITY NOT SUBJECT TO BACKUP WITHHOLDING, FILE WITH PAYER A COMPLETED INTERNAL REVENUE FORM W-8BEN (CERTIFICATE OF FOREIGN STATUS OF BENEFICIAL OWNER FOR UNITED STATES TAX WITHHOLDING).

Privacy Act Notice. — Section 6109 requires most recipients of dividend, interest, or other payments to give taxpayer identification numbers to payers who must report the payments to the IRS. The IRS uses the numbers for identification purposes. The IRS may also provide this information to the Department of Justice for civil and criminal litigation and to cities, states and the District of Columbia to carry out their tax laws. Payers must be given the numbers whether or not recipients are required to file tax returns. Payers must generally withhold 30% of taxable interest, dividend, and certain other payments to a payee who does not furnish a taxpayer identification number to a payer. Certain penalties may also apply.

Penalties

(1) Penalty for Failure to Furnish Taxpayer Identification Number. — If you fail to furnish your taxpayer identification number to a payer, you are subject to a penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect.

(2) Civil Penalty for False Information with Respect to Withholding. — If you make a false statement with no reasonable basis which results in no imposition of backup withholding, you are subject to a penalty of $500.

(3) Criminal Penalty for Falsifying Information. — Willfully falsifying certifications or affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties including fines and/or imprisonment.

(4) Misuse of Taxpayer Identification Numbers. — If the payer discloses or uses taxpayer identification numbers in violation of Federal law, the payer may be subject to civil and criminal penalties.

FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT YOUR TAX

CONSULTANT OR THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE.