EX-3.7.(II) 9 file9.htm BYLAWS OF HARLAND CLARKE CORP.


                                     BY-LAWS

                                       OF

                              HARLAND CLARKE CORP.

                             A Delaware Corporation

                            Effective April 27, 2007



                                     BY-LAWS

                                       OF

                              HARLAND CLARKE CORP.

                     (hereinafter called the "Corporation")

                                   ARTICLE I

                                     OFFICES

          Section 1. Registered Office. The registered office of the Corporation
shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware.

          Section 2. Other Offices. The Corporation may also have offices at
such other places, both within and without the State of Delaware, as the Board
of Directors may from time to time determine.

                                   ARTICLE II

                            MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

          Section 1. Place of Meetings. Meetings of the stockholders for the
election of directors or for any other purpose shall be held at such time and
place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be designated
from time to time by the Board of Directors.

          Section 2. Annual Meetings. The Annual Meeting of Stockholders for the
election of directors shall be held on such date and at such time as shall be
designated from time to time by the Board of Directors. Any other proper
business may be transacted at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

          Section 3. Special Meetings. Unless otherwise required by law or by
the certificate of incorporation of the Corporation, as amended and restated
from time to time (the "Certificate of Incorporation"), Special Meetings of
Stockholders, for any purpose or purposes, may be called by either (i) the
Chairman, if there be one, or (ii) the President, (iii) any Vice President, if
there be one, (iv) the Secretary or (v) any Assistant Secretary, if there be
one, and shall be called by any such officer at the request in writing of (i)
the Board of Directors, (ii) a committee of the Board of Directors that has been
duly designated by the Board of Directors and whose powers and authority include
the power to call such meetings or (iii) stockholders owning a majority of the
capital stock of the Corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote.
Such request shall state the purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting. At a
Special Meeting of Stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall
be specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto).



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          Section 4. Notice. Whenever stockholders are required or permitted to
take any action at a meeting, a written notice of the meeting shall be given
which shall state the place, date and hour of the meeting, and, in the case of a
Special Meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. Unless
otherwise required by law, written notice of any meeting shall be given not less
than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to
each stockholder entitled to notice of and to vote at such meeting.

          Section 5. Adjournments. Any meeting of the stockholders may be
adjourned from time to time to reconvene at the same or some other place, and
notice need not be given of any such adjourned meeting if the time and place
thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the
adjourned meeting, the Corporation may transact any business which might have
been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than
thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the
adjourned meeting, notice of the adjourned meeting in accordance with the
requirements of Section 4 hereof shall be given to each stockholder of record
entitled to notice of and to vote at the meeting.

          Section 6. Quorum. Unless otherwise required by applicable law or the
Certificate of Incorporation, the holders of a majority of the Corporation's
capital stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in
person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the
stockholders for the transaction of business. A quorum, once established, shall
not be broken by the withdrawal of enough votes to leave less than a quorum. If,
however, such quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the
stockholders, the stockholders entitled to vote thereat, present in person or
represented by proxy, shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time,
in the manner provided in Section 5 hereof, until a quorum shall be present or
represented.

          Section 7. Voting. Unless otherwise required by law, the Certificate
of Incorporation or these By-Laws, any question brought before any meeting of
the stockholders, other than the election of directors, shall be decided by the
vote of the holders of a majority of the total number of votes of the
Corporation's capital stock represented and entitled to vote thereat, voting as
a single class. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation,
and subject to Section 11(a) of this Article II, each stockholder represented at
a meeting of the stockholders shall be entitled to cast one (1) vote for each
share of the capital stock entitled to vote thereat held by such stockholder.
Such votes may be cast in person or by proxy as provided in Section 8 of this
Article II. The Board of Directors, in its discretion, or the officer of the
Corporation presiding at a meeting of the stockholders, in such officer's
discretion, may require that any votes cast at such meeting shall be cast by
written ballot.

          Section 8. Proxies. Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of
the stockholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate action in writing
without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for such
stockholder as proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted upon after three years
from its date, unless such proxy provides for a longer period. Without limiting
the manner in which a stockholder may authorize



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another person or persons to act for such stockholder as proxy, the following
shall constitute a valid means by which a stockholder may grant such authority:

          (i) A stockholder may execute a writing authorizing another person or
     persons to act for such stockholder as proxy. Execution may be accomplished
     by the stockholder or such stockholder's authorized officer, director,
     employee or agent signing such writing or causing such person's signature
     to be affixed to such writing by any reasonable means, including, but not
     limited to, by facsimile signature.

          (ii) A stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for
     such stockholder as proxy by transmitting or authorizing the transmission
     of a telegram or cablegram to the person who will be the holder of the
     proxy or to a proxy solicitation firm, proxy support service organization
     or like agent duly authorized by the person who will be the holder of the
     proxy to receive such telegram or cablegram, provided that any such
     telegram or cablegram must either set forth or be submitted with
     information from which it can be determined that the telegram or cablegram
     was authorized by the stockholder. If it is determined that such telegrams
     or cablegrams are valid, the inspectors or, if there are no inspectors,
     such other persons making that determination shall specify the information
     on which they relied.

Any copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reliable reproduction of the
writing, telegram or cablegram authorizing another person or persons to act as
proxy for a stockholder may be substituted or used in lieu of the original
writing, telegram or cablegram for any and all purposes for which the original
writing, telegram or cablegram could be used; provided, however, that such copy,
facsimile telecommunication or other reproduction shall be a complete
reproduction of the entire original writing, telegram or cablegram.

          Section 9. Consent of Stockholders in Lieu of Meeting. Unless
otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, any action required or
permitted to be taken at any Annual or Special Meeting of Stockholders of the
Corporation may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a
vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken,
shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the
minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action
at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted
and shall be delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered office
in the State of Delaware, its principal place of business, or an officer or
agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of
meetings of the stockholders are recorded. Delivery made to the Corporation's
registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return
receipt requested. Every written consent shall bear the date of signature of
each stockholder who signs the consent and no written consent shall be effective
to take the corporate action referred to therein unless, within sixty (60) days
of the earliest dated consent delivered in the manner required by this Section 9
to the Corporation, written consents signed by a sufficient number of holders to
take action are delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered
office in the State of Delaware, its



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principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the Corporation having
custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of the stockholders are
recorded. Any copy, facsimile or other reliable reproduction of a consent in
writing may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing for any and
all purposes for which the original writing could be used, provided that such
copy, facsimile or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the
entire original writing. Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action
without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those
stockholders who have not consented in writing and who, if the action had been
taken at a meeting, would have been entitled to notice of the meeting if the
record date for such meeting had been the date that written consents signed by a
sufficient number of holders to take the action were delivered to the
Corporation as provided above in this Section 9.

          Section 10. List of Stockholders Entitled to Vote. The officer of the
Corporation who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare
and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of the stockholders, a
complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in
alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number
of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to
the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting,
during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to
the meeting (i) either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be
held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so
specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held or (ii) during ordinary
business hours, at the principal place of business of the Corporation. The list
shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the
whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present.

          Section 11. Record Date.

               (a) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders
entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of the stockholders or any
adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record
date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date
is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more
than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting. If
no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for
determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of the
stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day
on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on
the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of
stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of the
stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however,
that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

               (b) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders
entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, the Board
of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date
upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of
Directors, and which record date shall not be more than ten (10) days after the
date upon which the resolution



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fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors. If no record date
has been fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining
stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a
meeting, when no prior action by the Board of Directors is required by
applicable law, shall be the first date on which a signed written consent
setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the
Corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its
principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the Corporation having
custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of the stockholders are
recorded. Delivery made to the Corporation's registered office shall be by hand
or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. If no record date
has been fixed by the Board of Directors and prior action by the Board of
Directors is required by applicable law, the record date for determining
stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a
meeting shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of
Directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action.

          Section 12. Stock Ledger. The stock ledger of the Corporation shall be
the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the stock
ledger, the list required by Section 10 of this Article II or the books of the
Corporation, or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of the
stockholders.

          Section 13. Conduct of Meetings. The Board of Directors of the
Corporation may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct
of any meeting of the stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the
extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board of
Directors, the chairman of any meeting of the stockholders shall have the right
and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all
such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman, are appropriate for the proper
conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted
by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the chairman of the meeting, may
include, without limitation, the following: (i) the establishment of an agenda
or order of business for the meeting; (ii) the determination of when the polls
shall open and close for any given matter to be voted on at the meeting; (iii)
rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of
those present; (iv) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting
to stockholders of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized and
constituted proxies or such other persons as the chairman of the meeting shall
determine; (v) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the
commencement thereof; and (vi) limitations on the time allotted to questions or
comments by participants.

          Section 14. Inspectors of Election. In advance of any meeting of the
stockholders, the Board of Directors, by resolution, the Chairman or the
President shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting and make a
written report thereof. One or more other persons may be designated as alternate
inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or
alternate is able to act at a meeting of the stockholders, the chairman of the
meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Unless
otherwise required by applicable law, inspectors may be officers, employees or
agents of the Corporation. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of
the duties of inspector, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the
duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of such
inspector's ability. The inspector shall



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have the duties prescribed by law and shall take charge of the polls and, when
the vote is completed, shall make a certificate of the result of the vote taken
and of such other facts as may be required by applicable law.

                                  ARTICLE III

                                    DIRECTORS

          Section 1. Number and Election of Directors. The Board of Directors
shall consist of not less than one nor more than fifteen members, the exact
number of which shall initially be three and shall thereafter be fixed from time
to time by the Board of Directors. Except as provided in Section 2 of this
Article III, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast at each
Annual Meeting of Stockholders and each director so elected shall hold office
until the next Annual Meeting of Stockholders and until such director's
successor is duly elected and qualified, or until such director's earlier death,
resignation or removal. Directors need not be stockholders.

          Section 2. Vacancies. Unless otherwise required by law or the
Certificate of Incorporation, vacancies arising through death, resignation,
removal, an increase in the number of directors or otherwise may be filled only
by a majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by
a sole remaining director, and the directors so chosen shall hold office until
the next annual election and until their successors are duly elected and
qualified, or until their earlier death, resignation or removal.

          Section 3. Duties and Powers. The business and affairs of the
Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors
which may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful
acts and things as are not by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation or
by these By-Laws required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

          Section 4. Meetings. The Board of Directors may hold meetings, both
regular and special, either within or without the State of Delaware. Regular
meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and
at such place as may from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors.
Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman, if
there be one, the President, or by any director. Notice thereof stating the
place, date and hour of the meeting shall be given to each director either by
mail not less than forty-eight (48) hours before the date of the meeting, by
telephone or telegram on twenty-four (24) hours' notice, or on such shorter
notice as the person or persons calling such meeting may deem necessary or
appropriate in the circumstances.

          Section 5. Organization. At each meeting of the Board of Directors,
the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or, in his or her absence, a director
chosen by a majority of the directors present, shall act as chairman. The
Secretary of the Corporation shall act as secretary at each meeting of the Board
of Directors. In case the Secretary shall be absent from any meeting of the
Board of Directors, an Assistant Secretary shall perform the duties of secretary
at such meeting; and in the absence from any such meeting of the



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Secretary and all the Assistant Secretaries, the chairman of the meeting may
appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting.

          Section 6. Resignations and Removals of Directors. Any director of the
Corporation may resign at any time, by giving notice in writing to the Chairman
of the Board of Directors, the President or the Secretary of the Corporation.
Such resignation shall take effect at the time therein specified or, if no time
is specified, immediately; and, unless otherwise specified in such notice, the
acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.
Except as otherwise required by applicable law and subject to the rights, if
any, of the holders of shares of preferred stock then outstanding, any director
or the entire Board of Directors may be removed from office at any time by the
affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority in voting power of the
issued and outstanding capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote in the
election of directors.

          Section 7. Quorum. Except as otherwise required by law or the
Certificate of Incorporation, at all meetings of the Board of Directors, a
majority of the entire Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the
transaction of business and the act of a majority of the directors present at
any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of
Directors. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of
Directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to
time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting of the time and
place of the adjourned meeting, until a quorum shall be present.

          Section 8. Actions of the Board by Written Consent. Unless otherwise
provided in the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, any action
required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of
any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all the members of the
Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing,
and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the
Board of Directors or committee.

          Section 9. Meetings by Means of Conference Telephone. Unless otherwise
provided in the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, members of the
Board of Directors of the Corporation, or any committee thereof, may participate
in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee by means of a
conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all
persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a
meeting pursuant to this Section 9 shall constitute presence in person at such
meeting.

          Section 10. Committees. The Board of Directors may designate one or
more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of
the Corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as
alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified
member at any meeting of any such committee. In the absence or disqualification
of a member of a committee, and in the absence of a designation by the Board of
Directors of an alternate member to replace the absent or disqualified member,
the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from
voting, whether or not such member or



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members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board
of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any absent or disqualified
member. Any committee, to the extent permitted by law and provided in the
resolution establishing such committee, shall have and may exercise all the
powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business
and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to
be affixed to all papers which may require it. Each committee shall keep regular
minutes and report to the Board of Directors when required.

          Section 11. Compensation. The directors may be paid their expenses, if
any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors and maybe paid a
fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors or a stated
salary for service as director, payable in cash or securities. No such payment
shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity
and receiving compensation therefor. Members of special or standing committees
may be allowed like compensation for service as committee members.

          Section 12. Interested Directors. No contract or transaction between
the Corporation and one or more of its directors or officers, or between the
Corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association or other
organization in which one or more of its directors or officers are directors or
officers or have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for this
reason, or solely because the director or officer is present at or participates
in the meeting of the Board of Directors or committee thereof which authorizes
the contract or transaction, or solely because any such director's or officer's
vote is counted for such purpose if: (i) the material facts as to the director's
or officer's relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are
disclosed or are known to the Board of Directors or the committee, and the Board
of Directors or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction
by the affirmative votes of a majority of the disinterested directors, even
though the disinterested directors be less than a quorum; or (ii) the material
facts as to the director's or officer's relationship or interest and as to the
contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders entitled
to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved in
good faith by vote of the stockholders; or (iii) the contract or transaction is
fair as to the Corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified
by the Board of Directors, a committee thereof or the stockholders. Common or
interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a
meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee which authorizes the
contract or transaction.

                                   ARTICLE IV

                                    OFFICERS

          Section 1. General. The officers of the Corporation shall be chosen by
the Board of Directors and shall be a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer.
The Board of Directors, in its discretion, also may choose a Chairman of the
Board of Directors (who must be a director) and one or more Vice Presidents,
Assistant Secretaries, Assistant Treasurers and other officers. Any number of
offices may be held by the same person, unless otherwise prohibited by law, the
Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws.



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The officers of the Corporation need not be stockholders of the Corporation nor,
except in the case of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, need such officers
be directors of the Corporation.

          Section 2. Election. The Board of Directors, at its first meeting held
after each Annual Meeting of Stockholders (or action by written consent of
stockholders in lieu of the Annual Meeting of Stockholders), shall elect the
officers of the Corporation who shall hold their offices for such terms and
shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be determined from
time to time by the Board of Directors; and each officer of the Corporation
shall hold office until such officer's successor is elected and qualified, or
until such officer's earlier death, resignation or removal. Any officer elected
by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time by the Board of Directors.
Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation shall be filled by the
Board of Directors. The salaries of all officers of the Corporation shall be
fixed by the Board of Directors.

          Section 3. Voting Securities Owned by the Corporation. Powers of
attorney, proxies, waivers of notice of meeting, consents and other instruments
relating to securities owned by the Corporation may be executed in the name of
and on behalf of the Corporation by the President or any Vice President or any
other officer authorized to do so by the Board of Directors and any such officer
may, in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, take all such action as
any such officer may deem advisable to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting
of security holders of any corporation in which the Corporation may own
securities and at any such meeting shall possess and may exercise any and all
rights and power incident to the ownership of such securities and which, as the
owner thereof, the Corporation might have exercised and possessed if present.
The Board of Directors may, by resolution, from time to time confer like powers
upon any other person or persons.

          Section 4. Chairman of the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the
Board of Directors, if there be one, shall preside at all meetings of the
stockholders and of the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board of
Directors shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation, unless the
Board of Directors designates the President as the Chief Executive Officer, and,
except where by law the signature of the President is required, the Chairman of
the Board of Directors shall possess the same power as the President to sign all
contracts, certificates and other instruments of the Corporation which may be
authorized by the Board of Directors. During the absence or disability of the
President, the Chairman of the Board of Directors shall exercise all the powers
and discharge all the duties of the President. The Chairman of the Board of
Directors shall also perform such other duties and may exercise such other
powers as may from time to time be assigned by these By-Laws or by the Board of
Directors.

          Section 5. President. The President shall, subject to the control of
the Board of Directors and, if there be one, the Chairman of the Board of
Directors, have general supervision of the business of the Corporation and shall
see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors are carried into
effect. The President shall execute all bonds, mortgages, contracts and other
instruments of the Corporation requiring a seal, under the seal of the
Corporation, except where required or permitted by law to be



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otherwise signed and executed and except that the other officers of the
Corporation may sign and execute documents when so authorized by these By-Laws,
the Board of Directors or the President. In the absence or disability of the
Chairman of the Board of Directors, or if there be none, the President shall
preside at all meetings of the stockholders and, provided the President is also
a director, the Board of Directors. If there be no Chairman of the Board of
Directors, or if the Board of Directors shall otherwise designate, the President
shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation. The President shall
also perform such other duties and may exercise such other powers as may from
time to time be assigned to such officer by these By-Laws or by the Board of
Directors.

          Section 6. Vice Presidents. At the request of the President or in the
President's absence or in the event of the President's inability or refusal to
act (and if there be no Chairman of the Board of Directors), the Vice President,
or the Vice Presidents if there are more than one (in the order designated by
the Board of Directors), shall perform the duties of the President, and when so
acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon
the President. Each Vice President shall perform such other duties and have such
other powers as the Board of Directors from time to time may prescribe. If there
be no Chairman of the Board of Directors and no Vice President, the Board of
Directors shall designate the officer of the Corporation who, in the absence of
the President or in the event of the inability or refusal of the President to
act, shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have
all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President.

          Section 7. Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the
Board of Directors and all meetings of the stockholders and record all the
proceedings thereat in a book or books to be kept for that purpose; the
Secretary shall also perform like duties for committees of the Board of
Directors when required. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice
of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board of
Directors, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board
of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the President, under
whose supervision the Secretary shall be. If the Secretary shall be unable or
shall refuse to cause to be given notice of all meetings of the stockholders and
special meetings of the Board of Directors, and if there be no Assistant
Secretary, then either the Board of Directors or the President may choose
another officer to cause such notice to be given. The Secretary shall have
custody of the seal of the Corporation and the Secretary or any Assistant
Secretary, if there be one, shall have authority to affix the same to any
instrument requiring it and when so affixed, it may be attested by the signature
of the Secretary or by the signature of any such Assistant Secretary. The Board
of Directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal
of the Corporation and to attest to the affixing by such officer's signature.
The Secretary shall see that all books, reports, statements, certificates and
other documents and records required by law to be kept or filed are properly
kept or filed, as the case may be.

          Section 8. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have the custody of the
corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of
receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and shall
deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of
the Corporation in such depositories as



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may be designated by the Board of Directors. The Treasurer shall disburse the
funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, taking
proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the President and
the Board of Directors, at its regular meetings, or when the Board of Directors
so requires, an account of all transactions as Treasurer and of the financial
condition of the Corporation. If required by the Board of Directors, the
Treasurer shall give the Corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or
sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors for the faithful
performance of the duties of the office of the Treasurer and for the restoration
to the Corporation, in case of the Treasurer's death, resignation, retirement or
removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of
whatever kind in the Treasurer's possession or under the Treasurer's control
belonging to the Corporation.

          Section 9. Assistant Secretaries. Assistant Secretaries, if there be
any, shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be
assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the President, any Vice President,
if there be one, or the Secretary, and in the absence of the Secretary or in the
event of the Secretary's inability or refusal to act, shall perform the duties
of the Secretary, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be
subject to all the restrictions upon the Secretary.

          Section 10. Assistant Treasurers. Assistant Treasurers, if there be
any, shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be
assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the President, any Vice President,
if there be one, or the Treasurer, and in the absence of the Treasurer or in the
event of the Treasurer's inability or refusal to act, shall perform the duties
of the Treasurer, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be
subject to all the restrictions upon the Treasurer. If required by the Board of
Directors, an Assistant Treasurer shall give the Corporation a bond in such sum
and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of
Directors for the faithful performance of the duties of the office of Assistant
Treasurer and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of the Assistant
Treasurer's death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books,
papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in the Assistant
Treasurer's possession or under the Assistant Treasurer's control belonging to
the Corporation.

          Section 11. Other Officers. Such other officers as the Board of
Directors may choose shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time
to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors. The Board of
Directors may delegate to any other officer of the Corporation the power to
choose such other officers and to prescribe their respective duties and powers.

                                    ARTICLE V

                                      STOCK

          Section 1. Form of Certificates. Every holder of stock in the
Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by, or in the name of
the Corporation (i) by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or the President
or a Vice President and (ii) by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or the
Secretary or an



                                                                              13


Assistant Secretary of the Corporation, certifying the number of shares owned by
such stockholder in the Corporation.

          Section 2. Signatures. Any or all of the signatures on a certificate
may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has
signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall
have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such
certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect
as if such person were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of
issue.

          Section 3. Lost Certificates. The Board of Directors may direct a new
certificate to be issued in place of any certificate theretofore issued by the
Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of
an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be
lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate, the
Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the
issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed
certificate, or such owner's legal representative, to advertise the same in such
manner as the Board of Directors shall require and/or to give the Corporation a
bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be
made against the Corporation on account of the alleged loss, theft or
destruction of such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate.

          Section 4. Transfers. Stock of the Corporation shall be transferable
in the manner prescribed by applicable law and in these By-Laws. Transfers of
stock shall be made on the books of the Corporation only by the person named in
the certificate or by such person's attorney lawfully constituted in writing and
upon the surrender of the certificate therefor, properly endorsed for transfer
and payment of all necessary transfer taxes; provided, however, that such
surrender and endorsement or payment of taxes shall not be required in any case
in which the officers of the Corporation shall determine to waive such
requirement. Every certificate exchanged, returned or surrendered to the
Corporation shall be marked "Cancelled," with the date of cancellation, by the
Secretary or Assistant Secretary of the Corporation or the transfer agent
thereof. No transfer of stock shall be valid as against the Corporation for any
purpose until it shall have been entered in the stock records of the Corporation
by an entry showing from and to whom transferred.

          Section 5. Dividend Record Date. In order that the Corporation may
determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other
distribution or allotment of any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise
any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the
purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record
date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution
fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than
sixty (60) days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the record
date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of
business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution
relating thereto.



                                                                              14


          Section 6. Record Owners. The Corporation shall be entitled to
recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner
of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to hold liable
for calls and assessments a person registered on its books as the owner of
shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or
interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not
it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise required by
law.

          Section 7. Transfer and Registry Agents. The Corporation may from time
to time maintain one or more transfer offices or agencies and registry offices
or agencies at such place or places as may be determined from time to time by
the Board of Directors.

                                   ARTICLE VI

                                     NOTICES

          Section 1. Notices. Whenever written notice is required by law, the
Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, to be given to any director,
member of a committee or stockholder, such notice may be given by mail,
addressed to such director, member of a committee or stockholder, at such
person's address as it appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage
thereon prepaid, and such notice shall be deemed to be given at the time when
the same shall be deposited in the United States mail. Written notice may also
be given personally or by telegram, telex or cable.

          Section 2. Waivers of Notice. Whenever any notice is required by
applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, to be given
to any director, member of a committee or stockholder, a waiver thereof in
writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to notice, whether before or
after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto. Attendance of
a person at a meeting, present in person or represented by proxy, shall
constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where the person attends
the meeting for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting
to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or
convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any
Annual or Special Meeting of Stockholders or any regular or special meeting of
the directors or members of a committee of directors need be specified in any
written waiver of notice unless so required by law, the Certificate of
Incorporation or these By-Laws.

                                  ARTICLE VII

                               GENERAL PROVISIONS

          Section 1. Dividends. Dividends upon the capital stock of the
Corporation, subject to the requirements of the General Corporation Law of the
State of Delaware (the "DGCL") and the provisions of the Certificate of
Incorporation, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular
or special meeting of the Board of Directors (or any action by written consent
in lieu thereof in accordance with Section 8 of



                                                                              15


Article in hereof), and may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the
Corporation's capital stock. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set
aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends such sum or
sums as the Board of Directors from time to time, in its absolute discretion,
deems proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for purchasing
any of the shares of capital stock, warrants, rights, options, bonds,
debentures, notes, scrip or other securities or evidences of indebtedness of the
Corporation, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any
property of the Corporation, or for any proper purpose, and the Board of
Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve.

          Section 2. Disbursements. All checks or demands for money and notes of
the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person
or persons as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.

          Section 3. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be
fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.

          Section 4. Corporate Seal. The corporate seal shall have inscribed
thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its organization and the words
"Corporate Seal, Delaware". The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile
thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.

                                  ARTICLE VIII

                                 INDEMNIFICATION

          Section 1. Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings other
than Those by or in the Right of the Corporation. Subject to Section 3 of this
Article VIII, the Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party
or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed
action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or
investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation), by
reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the
Corporation, or is or was a director or officer of the Corporation serving at
the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of
another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise,
against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid
in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with
such action, suit or proceeding if such person acted in good faith and in a
manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best
interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or
proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe such person's conduct was
unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order,
settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent,
shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good
faith and in a manner which such person reasonably believed to be in or not
opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any
criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that such
person's conduct was unlawful.



                                                                              16


          Section 2. Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings by or
in the Right of the Corporation. Subject to Section 3 of this Article VIE, the
Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to
be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in
the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the
fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is
or was a director or officer of the Corporation serving at the request of the
Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses
(including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in
connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if such person
acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or
not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation; except that no
indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to
which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation
unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery of the State of
Delaware or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine
upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all
the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to
indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court
shall deem proper.

          Section 3. Authorization of Indemnification. Any indemnification under
this Article VIII (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Corporation
only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that
indemnification of the present or former director or officer is proper in the
circumstances because such person has met the applicable standard of conduct set
forth in Section 1 or Section 2 of this Article VIII, as the case may be. Such
determination shall be made, with respect to a person who is a director or
officer at the time of such determination, (i) by a majority vote of the
directors who are not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, even though
less than a quorum, or (ii) by a committee of such directors designated by a
majority vote of such directors, even though less than a quorum, or (iii) if
there are no such directors, or if such directors so direct, by independent
legal counsel in a written opinion or (iv) by the stockholders. Such
determination shall be made, with respect to former directors and officers, by
any person or persons having the authority to act on the matter on behalf of the
Corporation. To the extent, however, that a present or former director or
officer of the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in
defense of any action, suit or proceeding described above, or in defense of any
claim, issue or matter therein, such person shall be indemnified against
expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such
person in connection therewith, without the necessity of authorization in the
specific case.

          Section 4. Good Faith Defined. For purposes of any determination under
Section 3 of this Article VIII, a person shall be deemed to have acted in good
faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to
the best interests of the Corporation, or, with respect to any criminal action
or proceeding, to have had no reasonable cause to believe such person's conduct
was unlawful, if such person's action is based on the records or books of
account of the Corporation or another enterprise, or on information supplied to
such person by the officers of the Corporation or another enterprise in the
course of their duties, or on the advice of legal counsel for the Corporation or
another enterprise or on information or records given or reports made to the
Corporation



                                                                              17


or another enterprise by an independent certified public accountant or by an
appraiser or other expert selected with reasonable care by the Corporation or
another enterprise. The provisions of this Section 4 shall not be deemed to be
exclusive or to limit in any way the circumstances in which a person may be
deemed to have met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 1 or
Section 2 of this Article VIII, as the case may be.

          Section 5. Indemnification by a Court. Notwithstanding any contrary
determination in the specific case under Section 3 of this Article VIII, and
notwithstanding the absence of any determination thereunder, any director or
officer may apply to the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or any other
court of competent jurisdiction in the State of Delaware for indemnification to
the extent otherwise permissible under Section 1 or Section 2 of this Article
VIII. The basis of such indemnification by a court shall be a determination by
such court that indemnification of the director or officer is proper in the
circumstances because such person has met the applicable standard of conduct set
forth in Section 1 or Section 2 of this Article VIII, as the case may be.
Neither a contrary determination in the specific case under Section 3 of this
Article VIII nor the absence of any determination thereunder shall be a defense
to such application or create a presumption that the director or officer seeking
indemnification has not met any applicable standard of conduct. Notice of any
application for indemnification pursuant to this Section 5 shall be given to the
Corporation promptly upon the filing of such application. If successful, in
whole or in part, the director or officer seeking indemnification shall also be
entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such application.

          Section 6. Expenses Payable in Advance. Expenses (including attorneys'
fees) incurred by a director or officer in defending any civil, criminal,
administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding shall be paid by the
Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or
proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director or
officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such
person is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in
this Article VIII. Such expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by former
directors and officers or other employees and agents may be so paid upon such
terms and conditions, if any, as the Corporation deems appropriate.

          Section 7. Nonexclusivity of Indemnification and Advancement of
Expenses. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or
granted pursuant to, this Article VIII shall not be deemed exclusive of any
other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses
may be entitled under the Certificate of Incorporation, these By-Laws,
agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as
to action in such person's official capacity and as to action in another
capacity while holding such office, it being the policy of the Corporation that
indemnification of the persons specified in Section 1 and Section 2 of this
Article VIII shall be made to the fullest extent permitted by law. The
provisions of this Article VIII shall not be deemed to preclude the
indemnification of any person who is not specified in Section 1 or Section 2 of
this Article VIII but whom the Corporation has the power or obligation to
indemnify under the provisions of the DGCL, or otherwise.



                                                                              18


          Section 8. Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain
insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director or officer of the
Corporation, or is or was a director or officer of the Corporation serving at
the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of
another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise
against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person
in any such capacity, or arising out of such person's status as such, whether or
not the Corporation would have the power or the obligation to indemnify such
person against such liability under the provisions of this Article VIII.

          Section 9. Certain Definitions. For purposes of this Article VIII,
references to "the Corporation" shall include, in addition to the resulting
corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a
constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate
existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its
directors or officers, so that any person who is or was a director or officer of
such constituent corporation, or is or was a director or officer of such
constituent corporation serving at the request of such constituent corporation
as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under
the provisions of this Article VIII with respect to the resulting or surviving
corporation as such person would have with respect to such constituent
corporation if its separate existence had continued. The term "another
enterprise" as used in this Article VIII shall mean any other corporation or any
partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise of
which such person is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a
director, officer, employee or agent. For purposes of this Article VIII,
references to "fines" shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with
respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to "serving at the request
of the Corporation" shall include any service as a director, officer, employee
or agent of the Corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by,
such director or officer with respect to an employee benefit plan, its
participants or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a
manner such person reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants
and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a
manner "not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation" as referred to in
this Article VIII.

          Section 10. Survival of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses.
The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant
to, this Article VIII shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or
ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director or officer and
shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a
person.

          Section 11. Limitation on Indemnification. Notwithstanding anything
contained in this Article VIII to the contrary, except for proceedings to
enforce rights to indemnification (which shall be governed by Section 5 of this
Article VIII), the Corporation shall not be obligated to indemnify any director
or officer (or his or her heirs, executors or personal or legal representatives)
or advance expenses in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated
by such person unless such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized or
consented to by the Board of Directors of the Corporation.



                                                                              19


          Section 12. Indemnification of Employees and Agents. The Corporation
may, to the extent authorized from time to time by the Board of Directors,
provide rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses to
employees and agents of the Corporation similar to those conferred in this
Article VIII to directors and officers of the Corporation.

                                   ARTICLE IX

                                   AMENDMENTS

          Section 1. Amendments. These By-Laws may be altered, amended or
repealed, in whole or in part, or new By-Laws may be adopted by the stockholders
or by the Board of Directors; provided, however, that notice of such alteration,
amendment, repeal or adoption of new By-Laws be contained in the notice of such
meeting of the stockholders or Board of Directors, as the case maybe. All such
amendments must be approved by either the holders of a majority of the
outstanding capital stock entitled to vote thereon or by a majority of the
entire Board of Directors then in office.

          Section 2. Entire Board of Directors. As used in this Article IX and
in these By-Laws generally, the term "entire Board of Directors" means the total
number of directors which the Corporation would have if there were no vacancies.

                                      * * *

Adopted as of: April 27, 2007