FASB ASC No. 820-10 establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) of identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level I prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The fair value of most securities available for sale is determined by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1 inputs) or matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2 inputs).

For those securities that cannot be priced using quoted market prices or observable inputs a Level 3 valuation is determined. These securities are primarily trust preferred securities, which are priced using Level 3 due to current market illiquidity and certain investments in state and municipal securities. The fair value of the trust preferred securities is obtained from a third party provider without adjustment. As described previously, management obtains values from other pricing sources to validate the Standard & Poors pricing that they currently utilize. The fair value of state and municipal obligations are derived by comparing the securities to current market rates plus an appropriate credit spread to determine an estimated value. Illiquidity spreads are then considered. Credit reviews are performed on each of the issuers. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Corporation’s state and municipal obligations are credit spreads related to specific issuers. Significantly higher credit spread assumptions would result in significantly lower fair value measurement. Conversely, significantly lower credit spreads would result in a significantly higher fair value measurements.

The fair value of derivatives is based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2 inputs).



	June 30, 2017
	Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(Dollar amounts in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total
U.S. Government agencies	$	—	$	14,807		$	—	$	14,807
Mortgage Backed Securities-residential	—		242,560			—		242,560
Mortgage Backed Securities-commercial	—		2			—		2
Collateralized mortgage obligations	—		351,549			—		351,549
State and municipal	—		226,696			3,680		230,376
Collateralized debt obligations	—		—			12,283		12,283
TOTAL	$	—	$	835,614		$	15,963	$	851,577
Derivative Assets			526
Derivative Liabilities			(526		)



	December 31, 2016
	Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(Dollar amounts in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total
U.S. Government agencies	$	—	$	13,249		$	—	$	13,249
Mortgage Backed Securities-residential	—		261,005			—		261,005
Mortgage Backed Securities-commercial	—		4			—		4
Collateralized mortgage obligations	—		348,176			—		348,176
State and municipal	—		214,713			4,210		218,923
Collateralized debt obligations	—		—			12,368		12,368
TOTAL	$	—	$	837,147		$	16,578	$	853,725
Derivative Assets			653
Derivative Liabilities			(653		)

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during 2017 and 2016.

The tables below presents a reconciliation and income statement classification of gains and losses for all assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and the year ended December 31, 2016.



	Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
	State and municipal obligations		Collateralized debt obligations			Total
Beginning balance, April 1	$	3,680	$	11,993		$	15,673
Total realized/unrealized gains or losses
Included in earnings	—		—			—
Included in other comprehensive income	—		398			398
Transfers	—		—			—
Settlements	—		(108		)	(108		)
Ending balance, June 30	$	3,680	$	12,283		$	15,963




	Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
	State and municipal obligations			Collateralized debt obligations			Total
Beginning balance, January 1	$	4,210		$	12,368		$	16,578
Total realized/unrealized gains or losses
Included in earnings	—			—			—
Included in other comprehensive income	—			143			143
Transfers	—			—			—
Settlements	(530		)	(228		)	(758		)
Ending balance, June 30	$	3,680		$	12,283		$	15,963



	Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	Year Ended December 31, 2016
	State and municipal obligations			Collateralized debt obligations			Total
Beginning balance, January 1	$	4,725		$	14,875		$	19,600
Total realized/unrealized gains or losses
Included in earnings	—			—			—
Included in other comprehensive income	—			(2,066		)	(2,066		)
Purchases	—			—			—
Settlements	(515		)	(441		)	(956		)
Ending balance, December 31	$	4,210		$	12,368		$	16,578

The following table presents quantitative information about recurring and non-recurring Level 3 fair value measurements at June 30, 2017.



	Fair Value		Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Input(s)	Range
State and municipal obligations	$	3,680	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate Probability of default	2.30%-5.45% 0%
Other real estate	$	2,384	Sales comparison/income approach	Discount rate for age of appraisal and market conditions	5.00%-20.00%
Impaired Loans	$	959	Sales comparison/income approach	Discount rate for age of appraisal and market conditions	0.00%-50.00%

The following table presents quantitative information about recurring and non-recurring Level 3 fair value measurements at December 31, 2016.



	Fair Value		Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Input(s)	Range
State and municipal obligations	$	4,210	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate Probability of default	3.05%-5.50% 0%
Other real estate	$	2,531	Sales comparison/income approach	Discount rate for age of appraisal and market conditions	5.00%-20.00%
Impaired Loans	1,387		Sales comparison/income approach	Discount rate for age of appraisal and market conditions	0.00%-50.00%

Impaired loans disclosed in footnote 2, which are measured for impairment using the fair value of collateral, are valued at Level 3. They are carried at a fair value of $959 thousand, after a valuation allowance of $407 thousand at June 30, 2017 and at a fair value of $1.4 million, net of a valuation allowance of $331 thousand at December 31, 2016. The impact to the provision for loan losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and for the 12 months ended December 31, 2016 was a $179 thousand increase, a $76 thousand increase, and a $523 thousand decrease, respectively. Other real estate owned is valued at Level 3. Other real estate owned at June 30, 2017 with a value of $2.4 million was reduced $903 thousand for fair value adjustment. At June 30, 2017 other real estate owned was comprised of $1.9 million from commercial loans and $472 thousand from residential loans. Other real estate owned at December 31, 2016 with a value of $2.5 million was reduced $930 thousand for fair value adjustment. At December 31, 2016 other real estate owned was comprised of $2.0 million from commercial loans and $483 thousand from residential loans.

Fair value is measured based on the value of the collateral securing those loans, and is determined using several methods. Generally the fair value of real estate is determined based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers. Appraisals for real estate generally use three methods to derive value: cost, sales or market comparison and income approach. The cost method bases value on the cost to replace current property. The market comparison evaluates the sales price of similar properties in the same market area. The income approach considers net operating income generated by the property and the investor’s required return. The final fair value is based on a reconciliation of these three approaches. If an appraisal is not available, the fair value may be determined by using a cash flow analysis, a broker’s opinion of value, the net present value of future cash flows, or an observable market price from an active market. Fair value of other real estate is based upon the current appraised values of the properties as determined by qualified licensed appraisers and the Company’s judgment of other relevant market conditions. Appraisals are obtained annually and reductions in value are recorded as a valuation through a charge to expense. The primary unobservable input used by management in estimating fair value are additional discounts to the appraised value to consider market conditions and the age of the appraisal, which are based on management’s past experience in resolving these types of properties. These discounts range from 0% to 50%. Values for non-real estate collateral, such as business equipment, are based on appraisals performed by qualified licensed appraisers or the customers financial statements. Values for non real estate collateral use much higher discounts than real estate collateral. Other real estate and impaired loans carried at fair value are primarily comprised of smaller balance properties.

The following tables presents loans identified as impaired by class of loans, and carried at fair value on a non-recuring basis, as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, which are all considered Level 3.



	June 30, 2017
(Dollar amounts in thousands)	Carrying Value		Allowance for Loan Losses Allocated		Fair Value
Commercial
Commercial & Industrial	$	513	$	154	$	359
Farmland	—		—		—
Non Farm, Non Residential	—		—		—
Agriculture	370		205		165
All Other Commercial	—		—		—
Residential
First Liens	483		48		435
Home Equity	—		—		—
Junior Liens	—		—		—
Multifamily	—		—		—
All Other Residential	—		—		—
Consumer
Motor Vehicle	—		—		—
All Other Consumer	—		—		—
TOTAL	$	1,366	$	407	$	959



	December 31, 2016
(Dollar amounts in thousands)	Carrying Value		Allowance for Loan Losses Allocated		Fair Value
Commercial
Commercial & Industrial	$	537	$	36	$	501
Farmland	—		—		—
Non Farm, Non Residential	657		206		451
Agriculture	—		—		—
All Other Commercial	—		—		—
Residential
First Liens	524		89		435
Home Equity	—		—		—
Junior Liens	—		—		—
Multifamily	—		—		—
All Other Residential	—		—		—
Consumer
Motor Vehicle	—		—		—
All Other Consumer	—		—		—
TOTAL	$	1,718	$	331	$	1,387

The carrying amounts and estimated fair value of financial instruments at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, are shown below. Carrying amount is the estimated fair value for cash and due from banks, federal funds sold, short-term borrowings, accrued interest receivable and payable, demand deposits, short-term debt and variable-rate loans or deposits that reprice frequently and fully. Security fair values were described previously. For fixed-rate, non-impaired loans or deposits, variable rate loans or deposits with infrequent repricing or repricing limits, and for longer-term borrowings, fair value is based on discounted cash flows using current market rates applied to the estimated life and considering credit risk. The valuation of impaired loans was described previously. Loan fair value estimates do not necessarily represent an exit price. Fair values of loans held for sale are based on market bids on the loans or similar loans. It was not practicable to determine the fair value of Federal Home Loan Bank stock due to restrictions placed on its transferability. Fair value of debt is based on current rates for similar financing. The fair value of off-balance sheet items is not considered material.



	June 30, 2017
	Carrying			Fair Value
(Dollar amounts in thousands)	Value			Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total
Cash and due from banks	$	55,379		$	18,860	$	36,519		$	—	$	55,379
Securities available-for-sale	851,577			—		835,614			15,963		851,577
Restricted stock	10,369			n/a		n/a			n/a		n/a
Loans, net	1,837,350			—		—			1,851,920		1,851,920
Accrued interest receivable	11,564			—		3,522			8,042		11,564
Deposits	(2,427,723		)	—		(2,427,396		)	—		(2,427,396		)
Short-term borrowings	(51,880		)	—		(51,880		)	—		(51,880		)
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	(132		)	—		(136		)	—		(136		)
Accrued interest payable	(327		)	—		(327		)	—		(327		)



	December 31, 2016
	Carrying			Fair Value
(Dollar amounts in thousands)	Value			Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total
Cash and due from banks	$	75,012		$	21,047	$	53,965		$	—	$	75,012
Federal funds sold	6,952			—		6,952			—		6,952
Securities available-for-sale	853,725			—		837,147			16,578		853,725
Restricted stock	10,359			n/a		n/a			n/a		n/a
Loans, net	1,820,407			—		—			1,854,046		1,854,046
Accrued interest receivable	12,311			—		3,340			8,971		12,311
Deposits	(2,428,526		)	—		(2,414,555		)	—		(2,414,555		)
Short-term borrowings	(80,989		)	—		(80,989		)	—		(80,989		)
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	(132		)	—		(137		)	—		(137		)
Accrued interest payable	(363		)	—		(363		)	—		(363		)