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Investment Securities
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Investment Securities Investment Securities

Held to Maturity

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value of securities held to maturity at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows: 
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
(in thousands)
June 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities
$
138,436

 
$
6,219

 
$
—

 
$
144,655

U.S. government agency securities
8,049

 
69

 
(26
)
 
8,092

Obligations of states and political subdivisions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Obligations of states and state agencies
314,878

 
7,680

 
(992
)
 
321,566

Municipal bonds
221,900

 
5,640

 
(56
)
 
227,484

Total obligations of states and political subdivisions
536,778

 
13,320

 
(1,048
)
 
549,050

Residential mortgage-backed securities
1,415,409

 
13,242

 
(9,585
)
 
1,419,066

Trust preferred securities
37,314

 
62

 
(6,004
)
 
31,372

Corporate and other debt securities
32,250

 
399

 
(92
)
 
32,557

Total investment securities held to maturity
$
2,168,236

 
$
33,311

 
$
(16,755
)
 
$
2,184,792

December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities
$
138,517

 
$
3,532

 
$
—

 
$
142,049

U.S. government agency securities
8,721

 
55

 
(135
)
 
8,641

Obligations of states and political subdivisions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Obligations of states and state agencies
341,702

 
4,332

 
(5,735
)
 
340,299

Municipal bonds
243,954

 
3,141

 
(1,361
)
 
245,734

Total obligations of states and political subdivisions
585,656

 
7,473

 
(7,096
)
 
586,033

Residential mortgage-backed securities
1,266,770

 
3,203

 
(34,368
)
 
1,235,605

Trust preferred securities
37,332

 
77

 
(5,923
)
 
31,486

Corporate and other debt securities
31,250

 
96

 
(217
)
 
31,129

Total investment securities held to maturity
$
2,068,246

 
$
14,436

 
$
(47,739
)
 
$
2,034,943


The age of unrealized losses and fair value of related securities held to maturity at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows: 
 
Less than
Twelve Months
 
More than
Twelve Months
 
Total
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
(in thousands)
June 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agency securities
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
5,675

 
$
(26
)
 
$
5,675

 
$
(26
)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Obligations of states and state agencies
—

 
—

 
45,843

 
(992
)
 
45,843

 
(992
)
Municipal bonds
4,968

 
(27
)
 
4,331

 
(29
)
 
9,299

 
(56
)
Total obligations of states and political subdivisions
4,968

 
(27
)
 
50,174

 
(1,021
)
 
55,142

 
(1,048
)
Residential mortgage-backed securities
3,445

 
(7
)
 
674,804

 
(9,578
)
 
678,249

 
(9,585
)
Trust preferred securities
—

 
—

 
29,957

 
(6,004
)
 
29,957

 
(6,004
)
Corporate and other debt securities
—

 
—

 
4,908

 
(92
)
 
4,908

 
(92
)
Total
$
8,413

 
$
(34
)
 
$
765,518

 
$
(16,721
)
 
$
773,931

 
$
(16,755
)
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agency securities
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
6,074

 
$
(135
)
 
$
6,074

 
$
(135
)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Obligations of states and state agencies
16,098

 
(266
)
 
138,437

 
(5,469
)
 
154,535

 
(5,735
)
Municipal bonds
3,335

 
(37
)
 
60,078

 
(1,324
)
 
63,413

 
(1,361
)
Total obligations of states and political subdivisions
19,433

 
(303
)
 
198,515

 
(6,793
)
 
217,948

 
(7,096
)
Residential mortgage-backed securities
72,240

 
(852
)
 
846,671

 
(33,516
)
 
918,911

 
(34,368
)
Trust preferred securities
—

 
—

 
30,055

 
(5,923
)
 
30,055

 
(5,923
)
Corporate and other debt securities
9,948

 
(52
)
 
4,835

 
(165
)
 
14,783

 
(217
)
Total
$
101,621

 
$
(1,207
)
 
$
1,086,150

 
$
(46,532
)
 
$
1,187,771

 
$
(47,739
)


The unrealized losses on investment securities held to maturity are primarily due to changes in interest rates (including, in certain cases, changes in credit spreads) and, in some cases, lack of liquidity in the marketplace. Within the held to maturity portfolio, the total number of security positions in an unrealized loss position was 127 at June 30, 2019 and 378 at December 31, 2018.

The unrealized losses within the residential mortgage-backed securities category of the held to maturity portfolio at June 30, 2019 mostly related to investment grade securities issued by Ginnie Mae and Fannie Mae.
The unrealized losses existing for more than twelve months for trust preferred securities at June 30, 2019 primarily related to four non-rated single-issuer trust preferred securities issued by bank holding companies. All single-issuer trust preferred securities classified as held to maturity are paying in accordance with their terms, have no deferrals of interest or defaults and, if applicable, the issuers meet the regulatory capital requirements to be considered “well-capitalized institutions” at June 30, 2019.
As of June 30, 2019, the fair value of investments held to maturity that were pledged to secure public deposits, repurchase agreements, lines of credit, and for other purposes required by law, was $1.3 billion.
The contractual maturities of investments in debt securities held to maturity at June 30, 2019 are set forth in the table below. Maturities may differ from contractual maturities in residential mortgage-backed securities because the mortgages underlying the securities may be prepaid without any penalties. Therefore, residential mortgage-backed securities are not included in the maturity categories in the following summary.  
 
June 30, 2019
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
 
(in thousands)
Due in one year
$
30,122

 
$
30,109

Due after one year through five years
237,783

 
243,951

Due after five years through ten years
242,178

 
253,387

Due after ten years
242,744

 
238,279

Residential mortgage-backed securities
1,415,409

 
1,419,066

Total investment securities held to maturity
$
2,168,236

 
$
2,184,792


Actual maturities of debt securities may differ from those presented above since certain obligations provide the issuer the right to call or prepay the obligation prior to scheduled maturity without penalty.
The weighted-average remaining expected life for residential mortgage-backed securities held to maturity was 6.6 years at June 30, 2019.

Available for Sale

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value of securities available for sale at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows: 
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
(in thousands)
June 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities
$
50,963

 
$
—

 
$
(222
)
 
$
50,741

U.S. government agency securities
32,525

 
521

 
(18
)
 
33,028

Obligations of states and political subdivisions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Obligations of states and state agencies
87,473

 
465

 
(222
)
 
87,716

Municipal bonds
98,305

 
899

 
(223
)
 
98,981

Total obligations of states and political subdivisions
185,778

 
1,364

 
(445
)
 
186,697

Residential mortgage-backed securities
1,373,033

 
8,303

 
(8,357
)
 
1,372,979

Corporate and other debt securities
35,416

 
489

 
—

 
35,905

Total investment securities available for sale
$
1,677,715

 
$
10,677

 
$
(9,042
)
 
$
1,679,350

December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities
$
50,975

 
$
—

 
$
(1,669
)
 
$
49,306

U.S. government agency securities
36,844

 
71

 
(638
)
 
36,277

Obligations of states and political subdivisions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Obligations of states and state agencies
100,777

 
18

 
(3,682
)
 
97,113

Municipal bonds
101,207

 
209

 
(1,437
)
 
99,979

Total obligations of states and political subdivisions
201,984

 
227

 
(5,119
)
 
197,092

Residential mortgage-backed securities
1,469,059

 
1,484

 
(40,761
)
 
1,429,782

Corporate and other debt securities
37,542

 
213

 
(668
)
 
37,087

Total investment securities available for sale
$
1,796,404

 
$
1,995

 
$
(48,855
)
 
$
1,749,544



The age of unrealized losses and fair value of related securities available for sale at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows: 
 
Less than
Twelve Months
 
More than
Twelve Months
 
Total
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
(in thousands)
June 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
50,741

 
$
(222
)
 
$
50,741

 
$
(222
)
U.S. government agency securities
—

 
—

 
2,488

 
(18
)
 
2,488

 
(18
)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Obligations of states and state agencies
—

 
—

 
43,868

 
(222
)
 
43,868

 
(222
)
Municipal bonds
1,986

 
(34
)
 
20,335

 
(189
)
 
22,321

 
(223
)
Total obligations of states and political subdivisions
1,986

 
(34
)
 
64,203

 
(411
)
 
66,189

 
(445
)
Residential mortgage-backed securities
220

 
(3
)
 
703,691

 
(8,354
)
 
703,911

 
(8,357
)
Total
$
2,206

 
$
(37
)
 
$
821,123

 
$
(9,005
)
 
$
823,329

 
$
(9,042
)
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
49,306

 
$
(1,669
)
 
$
49,306

 
$
(1,669
)
U.S. government agency securities
2,120

 
(20
)
 
26,775

 
(618
)
 
28,895

 
(638
)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Obligations of states and state agencies
17,560

 
(95
)
 
75,718

 
(3,587
)
 
93,278

 
(3,682
)
Municipal bonds
5,018

 
(106
)
 
70,286

 
(1,331
)
 
75,304

 
(1,437
)
Total obligations of states and political subdivisions
22,578

 
(201
)
 
146,004

 
(4,918
)
 
168,582

 
(5,119
)
Residential mortgage-backed securities
119,645

 
(668
)
 
1,221,942

 
(40,093
)
 
1,341,587

 
(40,761
)
Corporate and other debt securities
12,339

 
(161
)
 
12,397

 
(507
)
 
24,736

 
(668
)
Total
$
156,682

 
$
(1,050
)
 
$
1,456,424

 
$
(47,805
)
 
$
1,613,106

 
$
(48,855
)

The unrealized losses on investment securities available for sale are primarily due to changes in interest rates (including, in certain cases, changes in credit spreads) and, in some cases, lack of liquidity in the marketplace. The total number of security positions in the securities available for sale portfolio in an unrealized loss position at June 30, 2019 was 294 as compared to 545 at December 31, 2018.
The unrealized losses for the residential mortgage-backed securities category of the available for sale portfolio at June 30, 2019 largely related to several investment grade residential mortgage-backed securities mainly issued by Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac.
As of June 30, 2019, the fair value of securities available for sale that were pledged to secure public deposits, repurchase agreements, lines of credit, and for other purposes required by law, was $1.1 billion.
The contractual maturities of debt securities available for sale at June 30, 2019 are set forth in the following table. Maturities may differ from contractual maturities in residential mortgage-backed securities because the mortgages underlying the securities may be prepaid without any penalties. Therefore, residential mortgage-backed securities are not included in the maturity categories in the following summary.
 
June 30, 2019
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
 
(in thousands)
Due in one year
$
9,121

 
$
9,117

Due after one year through five years
125,530

 
125,671

Due after five years through ten years
66,064

 
67,046

Due after ten years
103,967

 
104,537

Residential mortgage-backed securities
1,373,033

 
1,372,979

Total investment securities available for sale
$
1,677,715

 
$
1,679,350


Actual maturities of debt securities may differ from those presented above since certain obligations provide the issuer the right to call or prepay the obligation prior to scheduled maturity without penalty.
The weighted average remaining expected life for residential mortgage-backed securities available for sale was 6.7 years at June 30, 2019.
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment Analysis
Valley records impairment charges on its investment securities when the decline in fair value is considered other-than-temporary. Numerous factors, including lack of liquidity for re-sales of certain investment securities; decline in the creditworthiness of the issuer; absence of reliable pricing information for investment securities; adverse changes in business climate; adverse actions by regulators; or unanticipated changes in the competitive environment could have a negative effect on Valley’s investment portfolio and may result in other-than-temporary impairment on certain investment securities in future periods.

During the three months ended June 30, 2019, Valley recognized a $2.9 million other-than-temporary credit impairment charge on one special revenue bond classified as available for sale (within the obligations of states and state agencies in the tables above). The credit impairment was due to severe credit deterioration disclosed by the issuer in the second quarter of 2019, as well as the issuer's default on its contractual payment. At June 30, 2019, the impaired security had an adjusted amortized cost and fair value of $680 thousand after recognition of the credit impairment. Comparatively, there were no other-than-temporary impairment losses on securities recognized in earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

The obligations of states and political subdivisions include special revenue bonds which had an aggregated amortized cost and fair value of $306.5 million and $308.5 million, respectively, at June 30, 2019. The gross unrealized losses associated with the special revenue bonds totaled $1.4 million as of June 30, 2019. The special revenue bonds were largely issued by the states of (or municipalities within) Utah, Minnesota, Florida, other state housing authorities, as well the Port Authority of New York. As part of Valley’s pre-purchase analysis and on-going quarterly assessment of impairment of the obligations of states and political subdivisions, our Credit Risk Management Department conducts a financial analysis and risk rating assessment of each security issuer based on the issuer’s most recently issued financial statements and other publicly available information. Exclusive of the impaired security, these investments are a mix of bonds with investment grade ratings or not rated paying in accordance with their contractual terms. The vast majority of the bonds not rated by the rating agencies are state housing finance agency revenue bonds secured by Ginnie Mae securities that are commonly referred to as Tax Exempt Mortgage Securities (TEMS). Valley will continue to closely monitor the special revenue bond portfolio as part of its quarterly impairment analysis.

The impaired special revenue bond was not accruing interest as of June 30, 2019. Valley discontinues the recognition of interest on debt securities if the securities meet both of the following criteria: (i) regularly scheduled interest payments
have not been paid or have been deferred by the issuer, and (ii) full collection of all contractual principal and interest payments is not deemed to be the most likely outcome, resulting in the recognition of other-than-temporary impairment of the security.

Management does not believe that any individual unrealized loss as of June 30, 2019 included in the investment portfolio tables above represents other-than-temporary impairment, as management mainly attributes the declines in fair value to changes in interest rates and market volatility, not credit quality or other factors. Based on a comparison of the present value of expected cash flows to the amortized cost, management believes there are no credit losses on any other securities, except for the impaired special revenue bond discussed above.