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Asset Quality
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Asset Quality [Abstract]  
Asset Quality

Note 3 Asset Quality

We closely monitor economic conditions and loan performance trends to manage and evaluate our exposure to credit risk. Trends in delinquency rates may be a key indicator, among other considerations, of credit risk within the loan portfolios. The measurement of delinquency status is based on the contractual terms of each loan. Loans that are 30 days or more past due in terms of payment are considered delinquent. Loan delinquencies exclude loans held for sale, purchased impaired loans, nonperforming loans and loans accounted for under the fair value option which are on nonaccrual status, but include government insured or guaranteed loans and accruing loans accounted for under the fair value option.

Nonperforming assets include nonperforming loans and leases, OREO and foreclosed assets, and nonperforming TDRs. Nonperforming loans are those loans accounted for at amortized cost whose credit quality has deteriorated to the extent that full collection of contractual principal and interest is not probable. Interest income is not recognized on these loans. Loans accounted for under the fair value option are reported as performing loans as these loans are accounted for at fair value. However, when nonaccrual criteria is met, interest income is not recognized on these loans. Additionally, certain government insured or guaranteed loans for which we expect to collect substantially all principal and interest are not reported as nonperforming loans and continue to accrue interest. Purchased impaired loans are excluded from nonperforming loans as we are currently accreting interest income over the expected life of the loans. See Note 4 Purchased Loans for further information.

See Note 1 Accounting Policies for additional delinquency, nonperforming, and charge-off information.

The following tables display the delinquency status of our loans and our nonperforming assets at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.

Table 54: Analysis of Loan Portfolio (a)
Accruing
Current or Less30-5960-89 90 DaysTotal Fair Value OptionPurchasedTotal
Than 30 Days DaysDaysOr MorePastNonperformingNonaccrualImpairedLoans
Dollars in millionsPast DuePast DuePast DuePast DueDue (b)LoansLoans (c)Loans (d) (e)
December 31, 2015
Commercial Lending
Commercial$98,075$69$32$45$146 $351$36$98,608
Commercial real estate27,13410414 18713327,468
Equipment lease financing7,44019221 77,468
Total commercial lending132,649983845181545169133,544
Consumer Lending
Home equity29,6566330939771,40732,133
Residential real estate (f)10,91814265566773 549$2251,94614,411
Credit card 4,77928193380 34,862
Other consumer (g) 21,18118096237513 5221,746
Total consumer lending66,5344132108361,4591,5812253,35373,152
Total $199,183$511$248$881$1,640$2,126$225$3,522$206,696
Percentage of total loans96.36%.25%.12%.43%.80%1.03%.11%1.70%100.00%
December 31, 2014
Commercial Lending
Commercial$96,922$73$24$37$134 $290$74$97,420
Commercial real estate22,66723225 33423623,262
Equipment lease financing7,67211112 27,686
Total commercial lending127,2611072737171626310128,368
Consumer Lending
Home equity 31,47470321021,1121,98934,677
Residential real estate (f)9,90016368742973 706$2692,55914,407
Credit card4,52828203381 34,612
Other consumer (g) 22,071214112293619 6322,753
Total consumer lending67,9734752321,0681,7751,8842694,54876,449
Total $195,234$582$259$1,105$1,946$2,510$269$4,858$204,817
Percentage of total loans95.32%.28%.13%.54%.95%1.23%.13%2.37%100.00%
(a)Amounts in table represent recorded investment and exclude loans held for sale. Recorded investment in a loan includes the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest and net accounting adjustments, less any charge-offs. Recorded investment does not include any associated valuation allowance.
(b)Past due loan amounts exclude purchased impaired loans, even if contractually past due (or if we do not expect to receive payment in full based on the original contractual terms), as we are currently accreting interest income over the expected life of the loans.
(c)Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option for which we do not expect to collect substantially all principal and interest are subject to nonaccrual accounting and classification upon meeting any of our nonaccrual policies. Given that these loans are not accounted for at amortized cost, these loans have been excluded from the nonperforming loan population.
(d)Net of unearned income, net deferred loan fees, unamortized discounts and premiums, and purchase discounts and premiums totaling $1.4 billion and $1.7 billion at
December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
(e)Future accretable yield related to purchased impaired loans is not included in the analysis of loan portfolio.
(f)Past due loan amounts at December 31, 2015 include government insured or guaranteed Residential real estate mortgages totaling $56 million for 30 to 59 days past due, $45 million for 60 to 89 days past due and $545 million for 90 days or more past due. Past due loan amounts at December 31, 2014 include government insured or guaranteed Residential real estate mortgages totaling $68 million for 30 to 59 days past due, $43 million for 60 to 89 days past due and $719 million for 90 days or more past due.
(g)Past due loan amounts at December 31, 2015 include government insured or guaranteed Other consumer loans totaling $116 million for 30 to 59 days past due, $75 million for 60 to 89 days past due and $220 million for 90 days or more past due. Past due loan amounts at December 31, 2014 include government insured or guaranteed Other consumer loans totaling $152 million for 30 to 59 days past due, $93 million for 60 to 89 days past due and $277 million for 90 days or more past due.

In the normal course of business, we originate or purchase loan products with contractual characteristics that, when concentrated, may increase our exposure as a holder of those loan products. Possible product features that may create a concentration of credit risk would include a high original or updated LTV ratio, terms that may expose the borrower to future increases in repayments above increases in market interest rates, and interest-only loans, among others. We also originate home equity and residential real estate loans that are concentrated in our primary geographic markets.

We originate interest-only loans to commercial borrowers. Such credit arrangements are usually designed to match borrower cash flow expectations (e.g., working capital lines, revolvers). These products are standard in the financial services industry and product features are considered during the underwriting process to mitigate the increased risk that the interest-only feature may result in borrowers not being able to make interest and principal payments when due. We do not believe that these product features create a concentration of credit risk.

At December 31, 2015, we pledged $20.2 billion of commercial loans to the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) and $56.4 billion of residential real estate and other loans to the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) as collateral for the contingent ability to borrow, if necessary. The comparable amounts at December 31, 2014 were $19.2 billion and $52.8 billion, respectively.

Table 55: Nonperforming Assets
December 31December 31
Dollars in millions20152014
Nonperforming loans
Total commercial lending$545$626
Total consumer lending (a)1,5811,884
Total nonperforming loans (b)2,1262,510
OREO and foreclosed assets
Other real estate owned (OREO)279351
Foreclosed and other assets2019
Total OREO and foreclosed assets (c)299370
Total nonperforming assets$2,425$2,880
Nonperforming loans to total loans1.03%1.23 %
Nonperforming assets to total loans, OREO and foreclosed assets1.171.40
Nonperforming assets to total assets.68.83
Interest on nonperforming loans
Computed on original terms115125
Recognized prior to nonperforming status2225
(a)Excludes most consumer loans and lines of credit, not secured by residential real estate, which are charged off after 120 to 180 days past due and are not placed on nonperforming status.
(b)Nonperforming loans exclude certain government insured or guaranteed loans, loans held for sale, loans accounted for under the fair value option and purchased impaired loans.
(c)The recorded investment of loans collateralized by residential real estate property that are in process of foreclosure was $.6 billion and $.8 billion at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, which included $.3 billion and $.5 billion, respectively, of loans that are government insured/guaranteed.

Nonperforming loans also include certain loans whose terms have been restructured in a manner that grants a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, these loans are considered TDRs. See Note 1 Accounting Policies and the TDR section within this Note.

Total nonperforming loans in the nonperforming assets table above include TDRs of $1.1 billion at December 31, 2015 and $1.4 billion at December 31, 2014. TDRs that are performing, including consumer credit card TDR loans, totaled $1.2 billion at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 and are excluded from nonperforming loans. These include TDRs that are not placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance. Nonperforming TDRs are returned to accrual and classified as performing after demonstrating a period of at least six months of consecutive performance under the restructured terms. Loans where borrowers have been discharged from personal liability through Chapter 7 bankruptcy and have not formally reaffirmed their loan obligations to PNC and loans to borrowers not currently obligated to make both principal and interest payments under the restructured terms are not returned to accrual status.

Additional Asset Quality Indicators

We have two overall portfolio segments – Commercial Lending and Consumer Lending. Each of these two segments is comprised of multiple loan classes. Classes are characterized by similarities in initial measurement, risk attributes and the manner in which we monitor and assess credit risk. The Commercial Lending segment is comprised of the commercial, commercial real estate, equipment lease financing, and commercial purchased impaired loan classes. The Consumer Lending segment is comprised of the home equity, residential real estate, credit card, other consumer, and consumer purchased impaired loan classes.

Commercial Lending Asset Classes

Commercial Loan Class

For commercial loans, we monitor the performance of the borrower in a disciplined and regular manner based upon the level of credit risk inherent in the loan. To evaluate the level of credit risk, we assign an internal risk rating reflecting the borrower’s PD and LGD. This two-dimensional credit risk rating methodology provides granularity in the risk monitoring process on an ongoing basis. These ratings are reviewed and updated, generally at least once per year. Additionally, no less frequently than on an annual basis, we review PD rates related to each rating grade based upon internal historical data. These rates are updated as needed and augmented by market data as deemed necessary. For small balance homogenous pools of commercial loans, mortgages and leases, we apply statistical modeling to assist in determining the probability of default within these pools. Further, on a periodic basis, we update our LGD estimates associated with each rating grade based upon historical data. The combination of the PD and LGD ratings assigned to a commercial loan, capturing both the combination of expectations of default and loss severity in event of default, reflects the relative estimated likelihood of loss for that loan at the reporting date. In general, loans with better PD and LGD tend to have a lower likelihood of loss compared to loans with worse PD and LGD. The loss amount also considers an estimate of exposure at date of default, which we also periodically update based upon historical data.

Based upon the amount of the lending arrangement and our risk rating assessment, we follow a formal schedule of written periodic review. Quarterly, we conduct formal reviews of a market's or business unit's entire loan portfolio, focusing on those loans which we perceive to be of higher risk, based upon PDs and LGDs, or loans for which credit quality is weakening. If circumstances warrant, it is our practice to review any customer obligation and its level of credit risk more frequently. We attempt to proactively manage our loans by using various procedures that are customized to the risk of a given loan, including ongoing outreach, contact, and assessment of obligor financial conditions, collateral inspection and appraisal.

Commercial Real Estate Loan Class

We manage credit risk associated with our commercial real estate projects and commercial mortgage activities similar to commercial loans by analyzing PD and LGD. Additionally, risks connected with commercial real estate projects and commercial mortgage activities tend to be correlated to the loan structure and collateral location, project progress and business environment. As a result, these attributes are also monitored and utilized in assessing credit risk.

As with the commercial class, a formal schedule of periodic review is also performed to assess market/geographic risk and business unit/industry risk. Often as a result of these overviews, more in-depth reviews and increased scrutiny are placed on areas of higher risk, including adverse changes in risk ratings, deteriorating operating trends, and/or areas that concern management. These reviews are designed to assess risk and take actions to mitigate our exposure to such risks.

Equipment Lease Financing Loan Class

We manage credit risk associated with our equipment lease financing loan class similar to commercial loans by analyzing PD and LGD.

Based upon the dollar amount of the lease and of the level of credit risk, we follow a formal schedule of periodic review. Generally, this occurs quarterly, although we have established practices to review such credit risk more frequently if circumstances warrant. Our review process entails analysis of the following factors: equipment value/residual value, exposure levels, jurisdiction risk, industry risk, guarantor requirements, and regulatory compliance.

Commercial Purchased Impaired Loan Class

Estimates of the expected cash flows primarily determine the valuation of commercial purchased impaired loans. Commercial cash flow estimates are influenced by a number of credit related items, which include but are not limited to: estimated collateral value, receipt of additional collateral, secondary trading prices, circumstances of possible and/or ongoing liquidation, capital availability, business operations and payment patterns.

We attempt to proactively manage these factors by using various procedures that are customized to the risk of a given loan. These procedures include a review by our Special Asset Committee (SAC), ongoing outreach, contact, and assessment of obligor financial conditions, collateral inspection and appraisal.

See Note 4 Purchased Loans for additional information.

Table 56: Commercial Lending Asset Quality Indicators (a)(b)
Criticized Commercial Loans
PassSpecialTotal
In millionsRated Mention (c)Substandard (d)Doubtful (e)Loans
December 31, 2015
Commercial $93,364$2,029$3,089$90$98,572
Commercial real estate 26,729120481527,335
Equipment lease financing 7,2308715017,468
Purchased impaired loans 61576 169
Total commercial lending $127,323$2,242$3,877$102$133,544
December 31, 2014
Commercial $92,884$1,984$2,424$55$97,347
Commercial real estate 22,0662856393523,025
Equipment lease financing 7,518739327,686
Purchased impaired loans 428026 310
Total commercial lending $122,468$2,346$3,436$118$128,368
(a)Based upon PDs and LGDs. We apply a split rating classification to certain loans meeting threshold criteria. By assigning a split classification, a loan's exposure amount may be split into more than one classification category in the above table.
(b)Loans are included above based on the Regulatory Classification definitions of "Pass", "Special Mention", "Substandard" and "Doubtful".
(c)Special Mention rated loans have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration
of repayment prospects at some future date. These loans do not expose us to sufficient risk to warrant a more adverse classification at this time.
(d)Substandard rated loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the collection or liquidation of debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility
that we will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
(e)Doubtful rated loans possess all the inherent weaknesses of a Substandard loan with the additional characteristics that the weakness makes collection or liquidation in full
improbable due to existing facts, conditions, and values.

Consumer Lending Asset Classes

Home Equity and Residential Real Estate Loan Classes

We use several credit quality indicators, including delinquency information, nonperforming loan information, updated credit scores, originated and updated LTV ratios, and geography, to monitor and manage credit risk within the home equity and residential real estate loan classes. We evaluate mortgage loan performance by source originators and loan servicers. A summary of asset quality indicators follows:

Delinquency/Delinquency Rates: We monitor trending of delinquency/delinquency rates for home equity and residential real estate loans. See the Asset Quality section of this Note 3 for additional information.

Nonperforming Loans: We monitor trending of nonperforming loans for home equity and residential real estate loans. See the Asset Quality section of this Note 3 for additional information.

Credit Scores: We use a national third-party provider to update FICO credit scores for home equity loans and lines of credit and residential real estate loans at least quarterly. The updated scores are incorporated into a series of credit management reports, which are utilized to monitor the risk in the loan classes.

LTV (inclusive of combined loan-to-value (CLTV) for first and subordinate lien positions): At least annually, we update the property values of real estate collateral and calculate an updated LTV ratio. For open-end credit lines secured by real estate in regions experiencing significant declines in property values, more frequent valuations may occur. We examine LTV migration and stratify LTV into categories to monitor the risk in the loan classes.

Historically, we used, and we continue to use, a combination of original LTV and updated LTV for internal risk management and reporting purposes (e.g., line management, loss mitigation strategies). In addition to the fact that estimated property values by their nature are estimates, given certain data limitations it is important to note that updated LTVs may be based upon management’s assumptions (e.g., if an updated LTV is not provided by the third-party service provider, home price index (HPI) changes will be incorporated in arriving at management’s estimate of updated LTV).

Geography: Geographic concentrations are monitored to evaluate and manage exposures. Loan purchase programs are sensitive to, and focused within, certain regions to manage geographic exposures and associated risks.

A combination of updated FICO scores, originated and updated LTV ratios and geographic location assigned to home equity loans and lines of credit and residential real estate loans is used to monitor the risk in the loan classes. Loans with higher FICO scores and lower LTVs tend to have a lower level of risk. Conversely, loans with lower FICO scores, higher LTVs, and in certain geographic locations tend to have a higher level of risk.

Consumer Purchased Impaired Loan Class

Estimates of the expected cash flows primarily determine the valuation of consumer purchased impaired loans. Consumer cash flow estimates are influenced by a number of credit related items, which include, but are not limited to: estimated real estate values, payment patterns, updated FICO scores, the current economic environment, updated LTV ratios and the date of origination. These key factors are monitored to help ensure that concentrations of risk are managed and cash flows are maximized.

See Note 4 Purchased Loans for additional information.

Table 57: Home Equity and Residential Real Estate Balances
December 31December 31
In millions20152014
Home equity and residential real estate loans - excluding purchased impaired loans (a)$42,268$43,348
Home equity and residential real estate loans - purchased impaired loans (b)3,6844,541
Government insured or guaranteed residential real estate mortgages (a)9231,188
Difference between outstanding balance and recorded investment in purchased impaired loans (c)(331)7
Total home equity and residential real estate loans (a)$46,544$49,084
(a)Represents recorded investment.
(b)Represents outstanding balance.
(c)The December 31, 2015 amount was impacted by the change in derecognition policy for purchased impaired pooled consumer and residential real estate loans. See Note 4 Purchased Loans for additional information.

Table 58: Home Equity and Residential Real Estate Asset Quality Indicators – Excluding Purchased Impaired Loans (a) (b)
Home Equity Residential Real Estate
December 31, 2015 - in millions1st Liens 2nd Liens Total
Current estimated LTV ratios (c)
Greater than or equal to 125% and updated FICO scores:
Greater than 660$283$960$284$1,527
Less than or equal to 660 (d) (e)4018968297
Missing FICO18514
Greater than or equal to 100% to less than 125% and updated FICO scores:
Greater than 6606461,7335642,943
Less than or equal to 660 (d) (e)92302102496
Missing FICO34815
Greater than or equal to 90% to less than 100% and updated FICO scores:
Greater than 6606981,4926152,805
Less than or equal to 660 8822694408
Missing FICO131014
Less than 90% and updated FICO scores:
Greater than 66013,8957,8089,11730,820
Less than or equal to 6601,2829235702,775
Missing FICO3118105154
Total home equity and residential real estate loans$17,060$13,666$11,542$42,268

Home Equity Residential Real Estate
December 31, 2014 - in millions 1st Liens 2nd Liens Total
Current estimated LTV ratios (c)
Greater than or equal to 125% and updated FICO scores:
Greater than 660$333$1,399$360$2,092
Less than or equal to 660 (d) (e)5727392422
Missing FICO19818
Greater than or equal to 100% to less than 125% and updated FICO scores:
Greater than 6608392,1907723,801
Less than or equal to 660 (d) (e)118383153654
Missing FICO151218
Greater than or equal to 90% to less than 100% and updated FICO scores:
Greater than 6608911,7037553,349
Less than or equal to 660 103271118492
Missing FICO23510
Less than 90% and updated FICO scores:
Greater than 66013,8787,8747,70329,455
Less than or equal to 6601,3199955732,887
Missing FICO2714109150
Total home equity and residential real estate loans$17,569$15,119$10,660$43,348
(a)Excludes purchased impaired loans of approximately $3.4 billion and $4.5 billion in recorded investment, certain government insured or guaranteed residential real estate mortgages of approximately $0.9 billion and $1.2 billion, and loans held for sale at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. See the Home Equity and Residential Real Estate Asset Quality Indicators - Purchased Impaired Loans table below for additional information on purchased impaired loans.
(b)Amounts shown represent recorded investment.
(c)Based upon updated LTV (inclusive of combined loan-to-value (CLTV) for first and subordinate lien positions). Updated LTV is estimated using modeled property values. These ratios are updated at least semi-annually. The related estimates and inputs are based upon an approach that uses a combination of third-party automated valuation models (AVMs), broker price opinions (BPOs), HPI indices, property location, internal and external balance information, origination data and management assumptions. We generally utilize origination lien balances provided by a third-party, where applicable, which do not include an amortization assumption when calculating updated LTV. Accordingly, the results of these calculations do not represent actual appraised loan level collateral or updated LTV based upon lien balances held by others, and as such, are necessarily imprecise and subject to change as we enhance our methodology.
(d)Higher risk loans are defined as loans with both an updated FICO score of less than or equal to 660 and an updated LTV greater than or equal to 100%.
(e)The following states had the highest percentage of higher risk loans at December 31, 2015: New Jersey 14%, Pennsylvania 12%, Illinois 11%, Ohio 11%, Florida 7%, Maryland 7% and Michigan 5%. The remainder of the states had lower than 4% of the higher risk loans individually, and collectively they represent approximately 33% of the higher risk loans. The following states had the highest percentage of higher risk loans at December 31, 2014: New Jersey 14%, Pennsylvania 12%, Illinois 12%, Ohio 12%, Florida 8%, Maryland 6%, Michigan 5%, and North Carolina 4%. The remainder of the states had lower than 4% of the high risk loans individually, and collectively they represent approximately 28% of the higher risk loans.

Table 59: Home Equity and Residential Real Estate Asset Quality Indicators – Purchased Impaired Loans (a)
Home Equity (b) (c)Residential Real Estate (b) (c)
December 31, 2015 - in millions 1st Liens 2nd Liens Total
Current estimated LTV ratios (d)
Greater than or equal to 125% and updated FICO scores:
Greater than 660$6$164$147$317
Less than or equal to 660 67976161
Missing FICO7512
Greater than or equal to 100% to less than 125% and updated FICO scores:
Greater than 66012331186529
Less than or equal to 660 9145118272
Missing FICO8715
Greater than or equal to 90% to less than 100% and updated FICO scores:
Greater than 66010167133310
Less than or equal to 660 67568149
Missing FICO437
Less than 90% and updated FICO scores:
Greater than 6601063456651,116
Less than or equal to 66091182455728
Missing FICO1133145
Missing LTV and updated FICO scores:
Greater than 66011415
Less than or equal to 660167
Missing FICO11
Total home equity and residential real estate loans$249$1,520$1,915$3,684

Home Equity (b) (c ) Residential Real Estate (b) (c)
December 31, 2014 - in millions 1st Liens 2nd Liens Total
Current estimated LTV ratios (d)
Greater than or equal to 125% and updated FICO scores:
Greater than 660$8$243$276$527
Less than or equal to 660 9125144278
Missing FICO8614
Greater than or equal to 100% to less than 125% and updated FICO scores:
Greater than 66015426272713
Less than or equal to 660 12194200406
Missing FICO11516
Greater than or equal to 90% to less than 100% and updated FICO scores:
Greater than 66012207186405
Less than or equal to 660 993123225
Missing FICO538
Less than 90% and updated FICO scores:
Greater than 6601023396261,067
Less than or equal to 660109200515824
Missing FICO1121528
Missing LTV and updated FICO scores:
Greater than 66011415
Less than or equal to 66041014
Missing FICO11
Total home equity and residential real estate loans$282$1,863$2,396$4,541
(a)Amounts shown represent outstanding balance. See Note 4 Purchased Loans for additional information.
(b)For the estimate of cash flows utilized in our purchased impaired loan accounting, other assumptions and estimates are made, including amortization of first lien balances, pre-payment rates, etc., which are not reflected in this table.
(c)The following states had the highest percentage of purchased impaired loans at December 31, 2015: California 16%, Florida 14%, Illinois 11%, Ohio 9%, North Carolina 7%, and Michigan 5%. The remainder of the states had lower than a 4% concentration of purchased impaired loans individually, and collectively they represent approximately 38% of the purchased impaired portfolio. The following states had the highest percentage of purchased impaired loans at December 31, 2014: California 17%, Florida 15%, Illinois 11%, Ohio 8%, North Carolina 7% and Michigan 5%. The remainder of the states had lower than a 4% concentration of purchased impaired loans individually, and collectively they represent approximately 37% of the purchased impaired portfolio.
(d)Based upon updated LTV (inclusive of combined loan-to-value (CLTV) for first and subordinate lien positions). Updated LTV is estimated using modeled property values. These ratios are updated at least semi-annually. The related estimates and inputs are based upon an approach that uses a combination of third-party automated valuation models (AVMs), broker price opinions (BPOs), HPI indices, property location, internal and external balance information, origination data and management assumptions. We generally utilize origination lien balances provided by a third-party, where applicable, which do not include an amortization assumption when calculating updated LTV. Accordingly, the results of these calculations do not represent actual appraised loan level collateral or updated LTV based upon lien balances held by others, and as such, are necessarily imprecise and subject to change as we enhance our methodology.

Credit Card and Other Consumer Loan Classes

We monitor a variety of asset quality information in the management of the credit card and other consumer loan classes. Other consumer loan classes include education, automobile, and other secured and unsecured lines and loans. Along with the trending of delinquencies and losses for each class, FICO credit score updates are generally obtained monthly, as well as a variety of credit bureau attributes. Loans with high FICO scores tend to have a lower likelihood of loss. Conversely, loans with low FICO scores tend to have a higher likelihood of loss.

Table 60: Credit Card and Other Consumer Loan Classes Asset Quality Indicators
Credit Card (a)Other Consumer (b)
% of Total Loans% of Total Loans
Using FICOUsing FICO
Dollars in millionsAmountCredit MetricAmountCredit Metric
December 31, 2015
FICO score greater than 719$2,93660%$9,37165%
650 to 7191,346283,53424
620 to 64920245234
Less than 62022756044
No FICO score available or required (c)15135013
Total loans using FICO credit metric4,862100%14,533100%
Consumer loans using other internal credit metrics (b)7,213
Total loan balance$4,862$21,746
Weighted-average updated FICO score (d) 734744
December 31, 2014
FICO score greater than 719$2,71759%$9,15664%
650 to 7191,288283,45924
620 to 64920345284
Less than 62023956194
No FICO score available or required (c)16545574
Total loans using FICO credit metric4,612100%14,319100%
Consumer loans using other internal credit metrics (b)8,434
Total loan balance$4,612$22,753
Weighted-average updated FICO score (d) 732744
(a)At December 31, 2015, we had $34 million of credit card loans that are higher risk (i.e., loans with both updated FICO scores less than 660 and in late stage (90+ days)
delinquency status). The majority of the December 31, 2015 balance related to higher risk credit card loans was geographically distributed throughout the following areas:
Ohio 17%, Pennsylvania 15%, Michigan 8%, New Jersey 8%, Florida 7%, Illinois 6%, Indiana 6%, Maryland 4% and North Carolina 4%. All other states had less than 4%
individually and make up the remainder of the balance. At December 31, 2014, we had $35 million of credit card loans that are higher risk. The majority of the December 31,
2014 balance related to higher risk credit card loans was geographically distributed throughout the following areas: Ohio 17%, Pennsylvania 16%, Michigan 9%, Illinois 7%,
New Jersey 7%, Indiana 6%, Florida 6% and North Carolina 4%. All other states had less than 4% individually and make up the remainder of the balance.
(b)Other consumer loans for which updated FICO scores are used as an asset quality indicator include non-government guaranteed or insured education loans, automobile
loans and other secured and unsecured lines and loans. Other consumer loans for which other internal credit metrics are used as an asset quality indicator include primarily
government guaranteed or insured education loans, as well as consumer loans to high net worth individuals. Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status,
geography or other factors.
(c)Credit card loans and other consumer loans with no FICO score available or required generally refers to new accounts issued to borrowers with limited credit history, accounts for which we cannot obtain an updated FICO score (e.g., recent profile changes), cards issued with a business name, and/or cards secured by collateral. Management proactively assesses the risk and size of this loan portfolio and, when necessary, takes actions to mitigate the credit risk.
(d)Weighted-average updated FICO score excludes accounts with no FICO score available or required.

Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs)

A TDR is a loan whose terms have been restructured in a manner that grants a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. TDRs result from our loss mitigation activities, and include rate reductions, principal forgiveness, postponement/reduction of scheduled amortization, and extensions, which are intended to minimize economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. Additionally, TDRs also result from borrowers that have been discharged from personal liability through Chapter 7 bankruptcy and have not formally reaffirmed their loan obligations to PNC. In those situations where principal is forgiven, the amount of such principal forgiveness is immediately charged off.

Some TDRs may not ultimately result in the full collection of principal and interest, as restructured, and result in potential incremental losses. These potential incremental losses have been factored into our overall ALLL estimate. The level of any subsequent defaults will likely be affected by future economic conditions. Once a loan becomes a TDR, it will continue to be reported as a TDR until it is ultimately repaid in full, the collateral is foreclosed upon, or it is fully charged off. We held specific reserves in the ALLL of $.3 billion and $.4 billion at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, for the total TDR portfolio.

Table 61: Summary of Troubled Debt Restructurings
December 31December 31
In millions20152014
Total consumer lending $1,917$2,041
Total commercial lending434542
Total TDRs$2,351$2,583
Nonperforming $1,119$1,370
Accruing (a)1,2321,213
Total TDRs$2,351$2,583
(a)Accruing loans include consumer credit card loans and loans that have demonstrated a period of at least six months of performance under the restructured terms and are excluded from nonperforming loans. Loans where borrowers have been discharged from personal liability through Chapter 7 bankruptcy and have not formally reaffirmed their loan obligations to PNC and loans to borrowers not currently obligated to make both principal and interest payments under the restructured terms are not returned to accrual status.

Table 62 quantifies the number of loans that were classified as TDRs as well as the change in the recorded investments as a result of the TDR classification during the years 2015, 2014 and 2013 respectively. Additionally, the table provides information about the types of TDR concessions. The Principal Forgiveness TDR category includes principal forgiveness and accrued interest forgiveness. These types of TDRs result in a write down of the recorded investment and a charge-off if such action has not already taken place. The Rate Reduction TDR category includes reduced interest rate and interest deferral. The TDRs within this category result in reductions to future interest income. The Other TDR category primarily includes consumer borrowers that have been discharged from personal liability through Chapter 7 bankruptcy and have not formally reaffirmed their loan obligations to PNC, as well as postponement/reduction of scheduled amortization and contractual extensions for both consumer and commercial borrowers.

In some cases, there have been multiple concessions granted on one loan. This is most common within the commercial loan portfolio. When there have been multiple concessions granted in the commercial loan portfolio, the principal forgiveness concession was prioritized for purposes of determining the inclusion in Table 62. For example, if there is principal forgiveness in conjunction with lower interest rate and postponement of amortization, the type of concession will be reported as Principal Forgiveness. Second in priority would be rate reduction. For example, if there is an interest rate reduction in conjunction with postponement of amortization, the type of concession will be reported as a Rate Reduction. In the event that multiple concessions are granted on a consumer loan, concessions resulting from discharge from personal liability through Chapter 7 bankruptcy without formal affirmation of the loan obligations to PNC would be prioritized and included in the Other type of concession in the table below. After that, consumer loan concessions would follow the previously discussed priority of concessions for the commercial loan portfolio.

Table 62: Financial Impact and TDRs by Concession Type (a)
Pre-TDRPost-TDR Recorded Investment (c)
During the year ended December 31, 2015NumberRecordedPrincipalRate
Dollars in millionsof LoansInvestment (b)ForgivenessReductionOtherTotal
Commercial lending
Commercial130$246$15$3$186$204
Commercial real estate2737611219
Equipment lease financing 1111
Total commercial lending158284224198224
Consumer lending
Home equity2,89018210073173
Residential real estate53061362561
Credit card6,549535252
Other consumer993152810
Total consumer lending10,962311190106296
Total TDRs11,120$595$22$194$304$520
During the year ended December 31, 2014
Dollars in millions
Commercial lending
Commercial131$192$10$11$137$158
Commercial real estate791712711100138
Total commercial lending (d)2103633722237296
Consumer lending
Home equity2,95019351132183
Residential real estate52773264571
Credit card7,720605757
Other consumer1,0921811314
Total consumer lending12,289344135190325
Total TDRs12,499$707$37$157$427$621
During the year ended December 31, 2013
Dollars in millions
Commercial lending
Commercial168$216$10$21$132$163
Commercial real estate1162842851144223
Equipment lease financing13
Total commercial lending 2855033872276386
Consumer lending
Home equity4,132289139126265
Residential real estate9111273986125
Credit card8,397646161
Other consumer1,3792211920
Total consumer lending14,819502240231471
Total TDRs15,104$1,005$38$312$507$857
(a)Impact of partial charge-offs at TDR date are included in this table.
(b)Represents the recorded investment of the loans as of the quarter end prior to TDR designation, and excludes immaterial amounts of accrued interest receivable.
(c)Represents the recorded investment of the TDRs as of the end of the quarter in which the TDR occurs, and excludes immaterial amounts of accrued interest receivable.
(d)During the twelve months ended December 31, 2014, there were no loans classified as TDRs in the Equipment lease financing loan class.

TDRs may result in charge-offs and interest income not being recognized. The amount of principal balance charged off at or around the time of modification for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015 was not material. A financial effect of rate reduction TDRs is that interest income is not recognized for the difference between the original contractual interest rate terms and the restructured terms. Interest income not recognized that otherwise would have been earned in the twelve months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, related to all commercial TDRs and consumer TDRs, was not material.

After a loan is determined to be a TDR, we continue to track its performance under its most recent restructured terms. In Table 63, we consider a TDR to have subsequently defaulted when it becomes 60 days past due after the most recent date the loan was restructured. The following table presents the recorded investment of loans that both (i) were classified as TDRs or were subsequently modified during each 12-month period preceding January 1, 2015, 2014, and 2013 respectively, and (ii) subsequently defaulted during these reporting periods.

Table 63: TDRs that were Modified in the Past Twelve Months which have Subsequently Defaulted
During the year ended December 31, 2015
Dollars in millionsNumber of ContractsRecorded Investment
Commercial lending
Commercial23$9
Commercial real estate1313
Equipment lease financing 11
Total commercial lending3723
Consumer lending
Home equity45826
Residential real estate15022
Credit card3,04524
Other consumer 1671
Total consumer lending3,82073
Total TDRs3,857$96
During the year ended December 31, 2014
Dollars in millionsNumber of ContractsRecorded Investment
Commercial lending
Commercial38$26
Commercial real estate 4380
Total commercial lending (a)81106
Consumer lending
Home equity40021
Residential real estate15524
Credit card3,39727
Other consumer 1321
Total consumer lending 4,08473
Total TDRs4,165$179
During the year ended December 31, 2013
Dollars in millionsNumber of ContractsRecorded Investment
Commercial lending
Commercial67$47
Commercial real estate 3859
Total commercial lending (a)105106
Consumer lending
Home equity59239
Residential real estate25535
Credit card4,59834
Other consumer 2494
Total consumer lending 5,694112
Total TDRs5,799$218
(a)During the twelve months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, there were no loans classified as TDRs in the Equipment lease financing loan class that have subsequently defaulted.

The impact to the ALLL for commercial lending TDRs is the effect of moving to the specific reserve methodology from the quantitative reserve methodology, for those loans that were not already classified as nonaccrual. There is generally an impact to the ALLL as a result of the concession made, which generally results in a reduction of expected future cash flows. The decline in expected future cash flows, consideration of collateral value, and/or the application of a present value discount rate, when compared to the recorded investment, results in either an increased ALLL or a charge-off. As TDRs are individually evaluated under the specific reserve methodology, which builds in expectations of future performance, subsequent defaults generally do not significantly impact the ALLL.

For consumer lending TDRs, except TDRs resulting from borrowers that have been discharged from personal liability through Chapter 7 bankruptcy and have not formally reaffirmed their loan obligations to PNC as discussed in Note 1 Accounting Policies under the Allowance for Loans and Lease Losses section, the ALLL is calculated using a discounted cash flow model, which leverages subsequent default, prepayment, and severity rate assumptions based upon historically observed data. Similar to the commercial lending specific reserve methodology, the reduced expected cash flows resulting from the concessions granted impact the consumer lending ALLL. The decline in expected cash flows due to the application of a present value discount rate or the consideration of collateral value, when compared to the recorded investment, results in either an increased ALLL or a charge-off. Loans where a borrower has been discharged from personal liability in bankruptcy and has not formally reaffirmed its loan obligation to PNC are charged off to collateral value less costs to sell, and any associated allowance at the time of charge-off is reduced to zero.

Impaired Loans

Impaired loans include commercial nonperforming loans and consumer and commercial TDRs, regardless of nonperforming status. TDRs that were previously recorded at amortized cost and are now classified and accounted for as held for sale are also included. Excluded from impaired loans are nonperforming leases, loans accounted for as held for sale other than the TDRs described in the preceding sentence, loans accounted for under the fair value option, smaller balance homogeneous type loans and purchased impaired loans. See Note 4 Purchased Loans for additional information. Nonperforming equipment lease financing loans of $7 million and $2 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, are excluded from impaired loans pursuant to authoritative lease accounting guidance. We did not recognize any interest income on impaired loans that have not returned to performing status, while they were impaired during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. The following table provides further detail on impaired loans individually evaluated for impairment and the associated ALLL. Certain commercial and consumer impaired loans do not have a related ALLL as the valuation of these impaired loans exceeded the recorded investment.

Table 64: Impaired Loans
UnpaidAverage
PrincipalRecordedAssociatedRecorded
In millionsBalanceInvestmentAllowance (a) Investment (b)
December 31, 2015
Impaired loans with an associated allowance
Commercial $442$337$84$306
Commercial real estate 25413035197
Home equity 978909216965
Residential real estate 27226435359
Credit card 10810824118
Other consumer 31 26 1 32
Total impaired loans with an associated allowance$2,085$1,774$395$1,977
Impaired loans without an associated allowance
Commercial $201$118$87
Commercial real estate 206158168
Home equity 464206158
Residential real estate 512396346
Other consumer 2488
Total impaired loans without an associated allowance$1,407$886$767
Total impaired loans$3,492$2,660$395$2,744
December 31, 2014
Impaired loans with an associated allowance
Commercial $432$318$74$360
Commercial real estate 41826265283
Home equity1,021984215986
Residential real estate 39742075422
Credit card 13013032147
Other consumer 64 47 2 51
Total impaired loans with an associated allowance$2,462$2,161$463$2,249
Impaired loans without an associated allowance
Commercial $106$84$133
Commercial real estate 249187276
Home equity 403145134
Residential real estate 344315365
Total impaired loans without an associated allowance$1,102$731$908
Total impaired loans $3,564$2,892$463$3,157
(a)Associated allowance amounts include $.3 billion and $.4 billion for TDRs at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
(b)Average recorded investment is for the years ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.