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Asset Quality
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2012
Asset Quality [Abstract]  
Asset Quality

Note 5 Asset Quality

 

Asset Quality

We closely monitor economic conditions and loan performance trends to manage and evaluate our exposure to credit risk. Trends in delinquency rates may be a key indicator, among other considerations, of credit risk within the loan portfolios. The measurement of delinquency status is based on the contractual terms of each loan. Loans that are 30 days or more past due in terms of payment are considered delinquent. Loan delinquencies exclude loans held for sale and purchased impaired loans, but include government insured or guaranteed loans.

 

The trends in nonperforming assets represent another key indicator of the potential for future credit losses. Nonperforming assets include nonperforming loans, certain TDRs, and other real estate owned (OREO) and foreclosed assets, but exclude certain government insured or guaranteed loans, loans held for sale, loans accounted for under the fair value option and purchased impaired loans. See Note 6 Purchased Loans for further information.

 

See Note 1 Accounting Policies for additional delinquency, nonperforming, and charge-off information.

 

The following tables display the delinquency status of our loans and our nonperforming assets at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011.

 

Table 64: Age Analysis of Past Due Accruing Loans (a) 
                                   
    Accruing            
    Current or Less     90 Days              
    Than 30 Days 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Or More  Total Past  Nonperforming  Purchased  Total 
In millionsPast Due Past Due Past Due Past Due  Due (b)  Loans  Impaired  Loans 
September 30, 2012                               
 Commercial $78,291 $141  $92  $41  $274   $749  $354 $79,668 
 Commercial real estate  16,368  91   66   36   193    1,000   1,048  18,609 
 Equipment lease financing  6,894  8   5   1   14    15      6,923 
 Home equity (c)   32,166  130   69       199    818   2,695  35,878 
 Residential real estate (d)  8,530  274   146   1,993   2,413    790   3,650  15,383 
 Credit card  4,047  31   20   32   83    5      4,135 
 Other consumer (e)  20,524  208   144   353   705    37   2  21,268 
  Total  $166,820 $883  $542  $2,456  $3,881   $3,414  $7,749 $181,864 
 Percentage of total loans  91.72% .49%  .30%  1.35%  2.14%   1.88%  4.26% 100.00%
December 31, 2011                               
 Commercial $ 64,437 $ 122  $ 47  $ 49  $ 218   $ 899  $ 140 $ 65,694 
 Commercial real estate   14,010   96    35    6    137     1,345    712   16,204 
 Equipment lease financing   6,367   22    5        27     22       6,416 
 Home equity (c)    29,288   173    114    221    508     529    2,764   33,089 
 Residential real estate (d)   7,935   302    176    2,281    2,759     726    3,049   14,469 
 Credit card   3,857   38    25    48    111     8       3,976 
 Other consumer (e)   18,355   265    145    368    778     31    2   19,166 
  Total  $ 144,249 $ 1,018  $ 547  $ 2,973  $ 4,538   $ 3,560  $ 6,667 $ 159,014 
 Percentage of total loans  90.72% .64%  .34%  1.87%  2.85%   2.24%  4.19% 100.00%
(a)Amounts in table represent recorded investment.
(b)Past due loan amounts exclude purchased impaired loans, even if contractually past due (or if we do not expect to receive payment in full based on the original contractual terms), as we are currently accreting interest income over the expected life of the loans.
(c)In the first quarter of 2012, we adopted a policy stating that Home equity loans past due 90 days or more would be placed on nonaccrual status. Prior policy required that these loans be past due 180 days before being placed on nonaccrual status.
(d)Past due loan amounts at September 30, 2012, include government insured or guaranteed residential real estate mortgages, totaling $.1 billion for 30 to 59 days past due, $.1
  billion for 60 to 89 days past due and $1.9 billion for 90 days or more past due. Past due loan amounts at December 31, 2011, include government insured or guaranteed
  residential real estate mortgages, totaling $.1 billion for 30 to 59 days past due, $.1 billion for 60 to 89 days past due and $2.1 billion for 90 days or more past due.
(e)Past due loan amounts at September 30, 2012, include government insured or guaranteed other consumer loans, totaling $.2 billion for 30 to 59 days past due, $.1 billion for
  60 to 89 days past due and $.3 billion for 90 days or more past due. Past due loan amounts at December 31, 2011, include government insured or guaranteed other consumer
  loans, totaling $.2 billion for 30 to 59 days past due, $.1 billion for 60 to 89 days past due and $.3 billion for 90 days or more past due.

Table 65: Nonperforming Assets
              
       September 30  December 31 
Dollars in millions   2012   2011 
Nonperforming loans         
 Commercial lending         
  Commercial  $ 749  $ 899 
  Commercial real estate    1,000    1,345 
  Equipment lease financing    15    22 
   Total commercial lending    1,764    2,266 
 Consumer lending (a)         
  Home equity (b)    818    529 
  Residential real estate (c)    790    726 
  Credit card     5    8 
  Other consumer    37    31 
   Total consumer lending (d)    1,650    1,294 
Total nonperforming loans (e)    3,414    3,560 
OREO and foreclosed assets         
 Other real estate owned (OREO) (f)    578    561 
 Foreclosed and other assets    29    35 
   Total OREO and foreclosed assets    607    596 
Total nonperforming assets  $ 4,021  $ 4,156 
Nonperforming loans to total loans    1.88%   2.24%
Nonperforming assets to total loans, OREO and foreclosed assets    2.20    2.60 
Nonperforming assets to total assets    1.34    1.53 
(a)Excludes most consumer loans and lines of credit, not secured by residential real estate, which are charged off after 120 to 180 days past due and are not placed on nonperforming status.
(b)In the first quarter of 2012, we adopted a policy stating that Home equity loans past due 90 days or more would be placed on nonaccrual status. Prior policy required that these loans be past due 180 days before being placed on nonaccrual status.
(c)Nonperforming residential real estate excludes loans of $61 million accounted for under the fair value option for both September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011.
(d)Pursuant to regulatory guidance, in the third quarter of 2012, nonperforming consumer loans, primarily home equity and residential mortgage, increased $112 million related to changes in treatment of certain loans classified as TDRs, net of charge-offs, resulting from bankruptcy where no formal reaffirmation was provided by the borrower and therefore a concession has been granted based upon discharge from personal liability. Of these loans, approximately 90% are current on their payments. Charge-offs have been taken where the fair value less costs to sell the collateral was less than the recorded investment of the loan and were $82.9 million.
(e)Nonperforming loans exclude certain government insured or guaranteed loans, loans held for sale, loans accounted for under the fair value option and purchased impaired loans.
(f)OREO excludes $363 million and $280 million at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, related to residential real estate that was acquired by us upon foreclosure of serviced loans because they are insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).

Nonperforming loans also include loans whose terms have been restructured in a manner that grants a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, these loans are considered TDRs. See Note 1 Accounting Policies and the TDR section of this Note 5 for additional information. For the nine months ended September 30, 2012, $2.3 billion of loans held for sale, loans accounted for under the fair value option, pooled purchased impaired loans, as well as certain consumer government insured or guaranteed loans which were evaluated for TDR consideration, are not classified as TDRs. The comparable amount for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 was $1.9 billion.

 

Total nonperforming loans in the nonperforming assets table above include TDRs of $1.4 billion at September 30, 2012 and $1.1 billion at December 31, 2011. TDRs returned to performing (accruing) status totaled $950 million and $771 million at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, and are excluded from nonperforming loans. These loans have demonstrated a period of at least six months of consecutive performance under the restructured terms. At September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, remaining commitments to lend additional funds to debtors in a commercial or consumer TDR were immaterial.

 

Additional Asset Quality Indicators

We have two overall portfolio segments – Commercial Lending and Consumer Lending. Each of these two segments is comprised of one or more loan classes. Classes are characterized by similarities in initial measurement, risk attributes and the manner in which we monitor and assess credit risk. The commercial segment is comprised of the commercial, commercial real estate, equipment lease financing, and commercial purchased impaired loan classes. The consumer segment is comprised of the home equity, residential real estate, credit card, other consumer, and consumer purchased impaired loan classes. Asset quality indicators for each of these loan classes are discussed in more detail below.

 

Commercial Lending Asset Classes

 

Commercial Loan Class

For commercial loans, we monitor the performance of the borrower in a disciplined and regular manner based upon the level of credit risk inherent in the loan. To evaluate the level of credit risk, we assign an internal risk rating reflecting the borrower's PD and LGD. This two-dimensional credit risk rating methodology provides risk granularity in the monitoring process on an ongoing basis. At least annually, we update PDs based upon internal historical data, including market data. Additionally, when statistically significant historical data exists, we update our LGDs. The combination of the PD and LGD ratings assigned to a commercial loan, capturing both the combination of expectations of default and loss severity in event of default, reflects the relative estimated likelihood of loss for that loan at the reporting date. Loans with better PD and LGD have a lower likelihood of loss. Conversely, loans with worse PD and LGD have a higher likelihood of loss. The loss amount also considers EAD, which we update when statistically significant historical data exists.

 

Based upon the amount of the lending arrangement and our risk rating assessment, we follow a formal schedule of written periodic review. On a quarterly basis, we conduct formal reviews of a market's or business unit's entire loan portfolio, focusing on those loans which we perceive to be of higher risk, based upon PDs and LGDs, or weakening credit quality. If circumstances warrant, it is our practice to review any customer obligation and its level of credit risk more frequently. We attempt to proactively manage our loans by using various procedures that are customized to the risk of a given loan, including ongoing outreach, contact, and assessment of obligor financial conditions, collateral inspection and appraisal.

 

Commercial Real Estate Loan Class

We manage credit risk associated with our commercial real estate projects and commercial mortgage activities similar to commercial loans by analyzing PD and LGD. However, due to the nature of the collateral, for commercial real estate projects and commercial mortgages, the LGDs tend to be significantly lower than those seen in the commercial class. Additionally, risks connected with commercial real estate projects and commercial mortgage activities tend to be correlated to the loan structure and collateral location, project progress and business environment. As a result, these attributes are also monitored and utilized in assessing credit risk.

 

As with the commercial class, a formal schedule of periodic review is performed to also assess market/geographic risk and business unit/industry risk. Often as a result of these overviews, more in-depth reviews and increased scrutiny is placed on areas of higher risk, including adverse changes in risk ratings, deteriorating operating trends, and/or areas that concern management. The goal of these reviews is to assess risk and take actions to mitigate our exposure to such risks.

 

Equipment Lease Financing Loan Class

We manage credit risk associated with our equipment lease financing class similar to commercial loans by analyzing PD and LGD.

 

Based upon the dollar amount of the lease and of the level of credit risk, we follow a formal schedule of periodic review. Generally, this occurs on a quarterly basis, although we have established practices to review such credit risk more frequently, if circumstances warrant. Our review process entails analysis of the following factors: equipment value/residual value, exposure levels, jurisdiction risk, industry risk, guarantor requirements, and regulatory compliance.

 

Commercial Purchased Impaired Loans Class

The credit impacts of purchased impaired loans are primarily determined through the estimation of expected cash flows. Commercial cash flow estimates are influenced by a number of credit related items, which include but are not limited to: estimated collateral value, receipt of additional collateral, secondary trading prices, circumstances of possible and/or ongoing liquidation, capital availability, business operations and payment patterns.

 

We attempt to proactively manage these factors by using various procedures that are customized to the risk of a given loan. These procedures include a review by our Special Asset Committee (SAC), ongoing outreach, contact, and assessment of obligor financial conditions, collateral inspection and appraisal.

See Note 6 Purchased Loans for additional information.

Table 66: Commercial Lending Asset Quality Indicators (a)  
        Criticized Commercial Loans   
      Pass Special          Total 
In millions  Rated (b) Mention (c) Substandard (d) Doubtful (e)  Loans 
September 30, 2012                  
 Commercial $74,228 $2,130  $2,749  $207 $79,314 
 Commercial real estate  14,252  842   2,277   190  17,561 
 Equipment lease financing  6,750  49   119   5  6,923 
 Purchased impaired loans   89  57   860   396  1,402 
  Total commercial lending (f) $95,319 $3,078  $6,005  $798 $105,200 
December 31, 2011                  
 Commercial $60,649 $1,831  $2,817  $257 $65,554 
 Commercial real estate  11,478  791   2,823   400  15,492 
 Equipment lease financing  6,210  48   153   5  6,416 
 Purchased impaired loans   107  35   542   168  852 
  Total commercial lending (f) $78,444 $2,705  $6,335  $830 $88,314 
(a)Based upon PDs and LGDs.
(b)Pass Rated loans include loans not classified as "Special Mention", "Substandard", or "Doubtful".
(c)Special Mention rated loans have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration
  of repayment prospects at some future date. These loans do not expose us to sufficient risk to warrant a more adverse classification at this time.
(d)Substandard rated loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the collection or liquidation of debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility
  that we will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
(e)Doubtful rated loans possess all the inherent weaknesses of a Substandard loan with the additional characteristics that the weakness makes collection or liquidation in full
  improbable due to existing facts, conditions, and values.
(f)Loans are included above based on their contractual terms as "Pass", "Special Mention", "Substandard" or "Doubtful".
                      

Consumer Lending Asset Classes

 

Home Equity and Residential Real Estate Loan Classes

We use several credit quality indicators, including delinquency information, nonperforming loan information, updated credit scores, originated and updated LTV ratios, and geography, to monitor and manage credit risk within the home equity and residential real estate loan classes. We evaluate mortgage loan performance by source originators and loan servicers. A summary of asset quality indicators follows:

 

Delinquency/Delinquency Rates: We monitor trending of delinquency/delinquency rates for home equity and residential real estate loans. See the Asset Quality section of this Note 5 for additional information.

 

Nonperforming Loans: We monitor trending of nonperforming loans for home equity and residential real estate loans. See the Asset Quality section of this Note 5 for additional information.

 

Credit Scores: We use a national third-party provider to update FICO credit scores for home equity loans and lines of credit and residential real estate loans on at least a quarterly basis. The updated scores are incorporated into a series of credit management reports, which are utilized to monitor the risk in the loan classes.

 

LTV (inclusive of combined loan-to-value (CLTV) ratios for second lien positions): Semi-annually, we update the property values of real estate collateral and calculate an updated LTV ratio. For open-end credit lines secured by real estate in regions experiencing significant declines in property values, more frequent valuations may occur. We examine LTV migration and stratify LTV into categories to monitor the risk in the loan classes.

 

Historically, we used, and we continue to use, a combination of original LTV and updated LTV for internal risk management reporting and risk management purposes (e.g., line management, loss mitigation strategies). In addition to the fact that estimated property values by their nature are estimates, given certain data limitations it is important to note that updated LTVs may be based upon management's assumptions (e.g., if an updated LTV is not provided by the third-party service provider, home price index (HPI) changes will be incorporated in arriving at management's estimate of updated LTV).

 

Geography: Geographic concentrations are monitored to evaluate and manage exposures. Loan purchase programs are sensitive to, and focused within, certain regions to manage geographic exposures and associated risks.

 

A combination of updated FICO scores, originated and updated LTV ratios and geographic location assigned to home equity loans and lines of credit and residential real estate loans are used to monitor the risk in the loan classes. Loans with higher FICO scores and lower LTVs tend to have a lower level of risk. Conversely, loans with lower FICO scores, higher LTVs, and in certain geographic locations tend to have a higher level of risk.

 

In the table below, we provide information on home equity and residential real estate outstanding balances and recorded investment. See Note 4 Loans and Commitments to Extend Credit for additional information.

 

Table 67: Home Equity and Residential Real Estate Balances    
          
    September 30  December 31 
In millions  2012  2011 
 Home equity and residential real estate loans - excluding purchased impaired loans (a) $44,767 $41,014 
 Home equity and residential real estate loans - purchased impaired loans (a)  6,976  6,533 
 Government insured or guaranteed residential real estate mortgages (a)  2,294  2,884 
 Purchase accounting, deferred fees and other accounting adjustments  (2,776)  (2,873) 
  Total home equity and residential real estate loans (b) $51,261 $47,558 
(a)Represents outstanding balance.
(b)Represents recorded investment.       

Table 68: Consumer Real Estate Secured Asset Quality Indicators – Excluding Purchased Impaired Loans (a) (b)  
                  
 Home Equity Residential Real Estate    
September 30, 2012 - in millions1st Liens  2nd Liens       Total  
Current estimated LTV ratios (c) (d)              
 Greater than or equal to 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660$ 574 $ 3,418  $ 1,017  $ 5,009 
  Less than or equal to 660 (e) (f)  90   788    252    1,130 
  Missing FICO  28   18    29    75 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 100% to less than 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  904   3,058    1,122    5,084 
  Less than or equal to 660 (e) (f)  144   564    251    959 
  Missing FICO  47   15    23    85 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 90% to less than 100% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  849   1,650    840    3,339 
  Less than or equal to 660   117   235    139    491 
  Missing FICO  75   40    21    136 
                  
 Less than 90% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  8,033   10,061    4,665    22,759 
  Less than or equal to 660  949   1,525    886    3,360 
  Missing FICO  862   227    410    1,499 
                  
 Missing LTV and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660     7    1    8 
  Less than or equal to 660     2        2 
  Missing FICO         831    831 
Total home equity and residential real estate loans$ 12,672 $ 21,608  $ 10,487  $ 44,767 

 Home Equity (g)Residential Real Estate    
December 31, 2011 - in millions 1st Liens  2nd Liens       Total  
Current estimated LTV ratios (c) (d)              
 Greater than or equal to 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660$ 481 $ 3,222  $ 1,845  $ 5,548 
  Less than or equal to 660 (e) (f)  78   747    463    1,288 
  Missing FICO  1   9    289    299 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 100% to less than 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  706   2,940    1,336    4,982 
  Less than or equal to 660 (e) (f)  127   582    349    1,058 
  Missing FICO  1   5    53    59 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 90% to less than 100% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  660   1,587    760    3,007 
  Less than or equal to 660   98   255    200    553 
  Missing FICO  8   15    12    35 
                  
 Less than 90% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  6,588   9,747    3,152    19,487 
  Less than or equal to 660  821   1,405    799    3,025 
  Missing FICO  679   218    32    929 
                  
 Missing LTV and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660     11        11 
  Less than or equal to 660     2        2 
  Missing FICO         731    731 
Total home equity and residential real estate loans$ 10,248 $ 20,745  $ 10,021  $ 41,014 
(a)Excludes purchased impaired loans of approximately $7.0 billion and $6.5 billion in outstanding balances, certain government insured or guaranteed residential real estate mortgages of approximately $2.3 billion and $2.9 billion, and loans held for sale at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. See the Consumer Real Estate Secured Asset Quality Indicators - Purchased Impaired Loans table below for additional information on purchased impaired loans.
(b)Amounts shown represent outstanding balance. 
(c)Based upon updated LTV (inclusive of CLTV for second lien positions).
(d)Updated LTV (inclusive of CLTV for second lien positions) are estimated using modeled property values. These ratios are updated semi-annually. The related estimates and inputs are based upon an approach that uses a combination of third-party automated valuation models (AVMs), HPI indices, property location, internal and external balance information, origination data and management assumptions. In cases where we are in an originated second lien position, we generally utilize origination balances provided by a third-party which do not include an amortization assumption when calculating updated LTV. Accordingly, the results of these calculations do not represent actual appraised loan level collateral or updated LTV based upon a current first lien balance, and as such, are necessarily imprecise and subject to change as we enhance our methodology.
(e)Higher risk loans are defined as loans with both an updated FICO score of less than or equal to 660 and an updated LTV greater than or equal to 100%.
(f)The following states have the highest percentage of higher risk loans at September 30, 2012: New Jersey 13%, Illinois 12%, Pennsylvania 10%, Ohio 10%, California 9%, Florida 9%, Maryland 5%, Michigan 4%, and North Carolina 4%. The remainder of the states have lower than 3% of the high risk loans individually, and collectively they represent approximately 24% of the higher risk loans. At December 31, 2011, the states with the highest percentage of higher risk loans were as follows: Pennsylvania 13%, New Jersey 13%, Illinois 10%, Ohio 9%, Florida 8%, California 8%, Maryland 5%, and Michigan 5%. The remainder of the states had lower than 3% of the high risk loans individually, and collectively they represented approximately 29% of the higher risk loans.
(g)In the second quarter of 2012, we made changes to the assumptions used to determine home equity first and second lien positions. This resulted in an increase in Home equity 2nd liens of $2.4 billion and a corresponding decrease in Home equity 1st liens as of December 31, 2011.  

Table 69: Consumer Real Estate Secured Asset Quality Indicators – Purchased Impaired Loans (a)  
                  
 Home Equity (b) (c) Residential Real Estate (b) (c)   
September 30, 2012 - in millions 1st Liens  2nd Liens       Total  
Current estimated LTV ratios (d) (e)              
 Greater than or equal to 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660$ 17 $ 696  $ 529  $ 1,242 
  Less than or equal to 660   17   383    330    730 
  Missing FICO     21    14    35 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 100% to less than 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  22   375    498    895 
  Less than or equal to 660   18   194    317    529 
  Missing FICO     14    15    29 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 90% to less than 100% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  10   104    233    347 
  Less than or equal to 660   12   59    212    283 
  Missing FICO     4    6    10 
                  
 Less than 90% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  56   602    724    1,382 
  Less than or equal to 660  97   400    868    1,365 
  Missing FICO  1   19    34    54 
                  
 Missing LTV and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660         1    1 
  Less than or equal to 660     1        1 
  Missing FICO  11   10    52    73 
Total home equity and residential real estate loans$ 261 $ 2,882  $ 3,833  $ 6,976 

 Home Equity (b) (c) (f) Residential Real Estate (b) (c)   
December 31, 2011 - in millions 1st Liens  2nd Liens       Total  
Current estimated LTV ratios (d) (e)              
 Greater than or equal to 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660$ 15 $ 833  $ 361  $ 1,209 
  Less than or equal to 660   15   513    681    1,209 
  Missing FICO     23    38    61 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 100% to less than 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  17   509    229    755 
  Less than or equal to 660   16   286    375    677 
  Missing FICO     19    7    26 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 90% to less than 100% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  10   127    116    253 
  Less than or equal to 660   11   79    208    298 
  Missing FICO     5    4    9 
                  
 Less than 90% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  46   423    404    873 
  Less than or equal to 660  72   366    679    1,117 
  Missing FICO  1   17    22    40 
                  
 Missing LTV and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660         1    1 
  Less than or equal to 660     1    1    2 
  Missing FICO     1    2    3 
Total home equity and residential real estate loans$ 203 $ 3,202  $ 3,128  $ 6,533 
(a)Amounts shown represent outstanding balance. See Note 6 Purchased Loans for additional information.
(b)For the estimate of cash flows utilized in our purchased impaired loan accounting, other assumptions and estimates are made, including amortization of first lien balances, pre-payment rates, etc., which are not reflected in this table.
(c)The following states have the highest percentage of loans at September 30, 2012: California 22%, Florida 14%, Illinois 11%, Ohio 6%, Michigan 5%, and North Carolina, Georgia, New York, and Maryland at 4%, respectively. The remainder of the states have lower than a 3% concentration of purchased impaired loans individually, and collectively they represent approximately 26% of the purchased impaired portfolio. At December 31, 2011, the states with the highest percentage of loans were as follows: California 22%, Florida 13%, Illinois 12%, Ohio 9%, Michigan 5% and New York 4%. The remainder of the states have lower than a 4% concentration of purchased impaired loans individually, and collectively they represent approximately 35% of the purchased impaired portfolio.
(d)Based upon updated LTV (inclusive of CLTV for second lien positions).
(e)Updated LTV (inclusive of CLTV for second lien positions) are estimated using modeled property values. These ratios are updated semi-annually. The related estimates and inputs are based upon an approach that uses a combination of third-party AVMs, HPI indices, property location, internal and external balance information, origination data and management assumptions. In cases where we are in an originated second lien position, we generally utilize origination balances provided by a third-party which do not include an amortization assumption when calculating updated LTV. Accordingly, the results of these calculations do not represent actual appraised loan level collateral or updated LTV based upon a current first lien balance, and as such, are necessarily imprecise and subject to change as we enhance our methodology.
(f)In the second quarter of 2012, we made changes to the assumptions used to determine lien position. This resulted in a decrease in Home equity 1st liens of $65 million and a corresponding increase in Home equity 2nd liens as of December 31, 2011.

Credit Card and Other Consumer Loan Classes

We monitor a variety of asset quality information in the management of the credit card and other consumer loan classes. Other consumer loan classes include education, automobile, and other secured and unsecured lines and loans. Along with the trending of delinquencies and losses for each class, FICO credit score updates are generally obtained on a monthly basis, as well as a variety of credit bureau attributes. Loans with high FICO scores tend to have a lower likelihood of loss. Conversely, loans with low FICO scores tend to have a higher likelihood of loss.

 

Consumer Purchased Impaired Loans Class

Estimates of the expected cash flows primarily determine the credit impacts of consumer purchased impaired loans. Consumer cash flow estimates are influenced by a number of credit related items, which include, but are not limited to: estimated real estate values, payment patterns, updated FICO scores, the current economic environment, updated LTV ratios and the date of origination. These key factors are monitored to help ensure that concentrations of risk are mitigated and cash flows are maximized.

 

See Note 6 Purchased Loans for additional information.

 

Table 70: Credit Card and Other Consumer Loan Classes Asset Quality Indicators
               
 Credit Card (a)  Other Consumer (b) 
     % of Total Loans     % of Total Loans 
     Using FICO     Using FICO  
Dollars in millions Amount Credit Metric   Amount Credit Metric 
September 30, 2012             
 FICO score greater than 719$ 2,117  51%  $ 7,172  58% 
 650 to 719  1,157  28     2,885  23  
 620 to 649  193  5     428  4  
 Less than 620  267  6     555  5  
 No FICO score available or required (c)  401  10     1,354  10  
Total loans using FICO credit metric  4,135  100%    12,394  100% 
 Consumer loans using other internal credit metrics (b)         8,874    
Total loan balance$ 4,135     $ 21,268    
Weighted-average updated FICO score (d)     724       741  
December 31, 2011             
 FICO score greater than 719$ 2,016  51%  $ 5,556  61% 
 650 to 719  1,100  28     2,125  23  
 620 to 649  184  5     370  4  
 Less than 620  284  7     548  6  
 No FICO score available or required (c)  392  9     574  6  
Total loans using FICO credit metric  3,976  100%    9,173  100% 
 Consumer loans using other internal credit metrics (b)         9,993    
Total loan balance$ 3,976     $ 19,166    
Weighted-average updated FICO score (d)     723       739  
(a)At September 30, 2012, we had $33 million of credit card loans that are higher risk (i.e., loans with both updated FICO scores less than 660 and in late stage (90+ days)
 delinquency status). The majority of the September 30, 2012 balance related to higher risk credit card loans is geographically distributed throughout the following areas: Ohio
 20%, Pennsylvania 13%, Michigan 12%, Illinois 8%, Indiana 6%, Florida 6%, New Jersey 5%, Kentucky 4%, and North Carolina 4%. All other states, none of which comprise
 more than 4%, make up the remainder of the balance. At December 31, 2011, we had $49 million of credit card loans that are higher risk. The majority of the December 31,
 2011 balance related to higher risk credit card loans is geographically distributed throughout the following areas: Ohio 20%, Michigan 14%, Pennsylvania 13%, Illinois 7%,
 Indiana 7%, Florida 6% and Kentucky 5%. All other states, none of which comprise more than 4%, make up the remainder of the balance.  
(b)Other consumer loans for which updated FICO scores are used as an asset quality indicator include non-government guaranteed or insured education loans, automobile
 loans and other secured and unsecured lines and loans. Other consumer loans for which other internal credit metrics are used as an asset quality indicator include primarily
 government guaranteed or insured education loans, as well as consumer loans to high net worth individuals. Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status,
 geography or other factors.             
(c)Credit card loans and other consumer loans with no FICO score available or required refers to new accounts issued to borrowers with limited credit history, accounts for
 which we cannot obtain an updated FICO (e.g., recent profile changes), cards issued with a business name, and/or cards secured by collateral. Management proactively
 assesses the risk and size of this loan portfolio and, when necessary, takes actions to mitigate the credit risk.
(d)Weighted-average updated FICO score excludes accounts with no FICO score available or required.

Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs)

 

A TDR is a loan whose terms have been restructured in a manner that grants a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties. TDRs typically result from our loss mitigation activities and include rate reductions, principal forgiveness, postponement/reduction of scheduled amortization, extensions, and bankruptcy discharges from personal liability, which are intended to minimize economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. In those situations where principal is forgiven, the amount of such principal forgiveness is immediately charged off.

 

Some TDRs may not ultimately result in the full collection of principal and interest, as restructured, and result in potential incremental losses. These potential incremental losses have been factored into our overall ALLL estimate. The level of any subsequent defaults will likely be affected by future economic conditions. Once a loan becomes a TDR, it will continue to be reported as a TDR until it is ultimately repaid in full, the collateral is foreclosed upon, or it is fully charged off. We held specific reserves in the ALLL of $570 million and $580 million at September 30, 2012, and December 31, 2011, respectively, for the total TDR portfolio.

 

Table 71: Summary of Troubled Debt Restructurings 
         
    Sept. 30  Dec. 31  
In millions  2012  2011 
Total consumer lending (a)$2,019 $1,798 
Total commercial lending 556  405 
 Total TDRs $2,575 $2,203 
Nonperforming  $1,383 $1,141 
Accruing (b)  950  771 
Credit card (c)  242  291 
 Total TDRs $2,575 $2,203 
(a)Pursuant to regulatory guidance, additional troubled debt restructurings related to changes in treatment of certain loans of $154.8 million, net of charge-offs, resulting from bankruptcy where no formal reaffirmation was provided by the borrower and therefore a concession has been granted based upon discharge from personal liability were added to the consumer lending population in the third quarter of 2012. The additional TDR population increased nonperforming loans by $112 million, approximately 90% of which were current on their payments. Charge-offs have been taken where the fair value less costs to sell the collateral was less than the recorded investment of the loan and were $82.9 million.
(b)Accruing loans have demonstrated a period of at least six months of performance under the restructured terms and are excluded from nonperforming loans.
(c)Includes credit cards and certain small business and consumer credit agreements whose terms have been restructured and are TDRs. However, since our policy is to exempt these loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance as generally these loans are directly charged off in the period that they become 180 days past due, these loans are excluded from nonperforming loans. 

As described in Table 71: Summary of Troubled Debt Restructurings, regulatory guidance was implemented in the third quarter of 2012 to (a) classify loans as TDRs where borrowers have been discharged from bankruptcy and have not formally reaffirmed their loan obligation and (b) charge-off the difference when the fair value less costs to sell the collateral was less than the recorded investment of the loan. Pursuant to adoption of this guidance as of September 30, 2012, we recorded $154.8 million of troubled debt restructurings, net of charge-offs. Because our estimated allowance for loan loss reserves is driven primarily by defaults as opposed to bankruptcy status, prior to this quarter, certain information relevant under this guidance was not collected for financial reporting purposes. Therefore, our estimate of additional TDRs and related charge-off amounts, nonperforming assets and ALLL may change as management confirms the accuracy and completeness of information related to the population of loans in bankruptcy as used in determining these estimates.

 

The table below quantifies the number of loans that were classified as TDRs as well as the change in the recorded investments as a result of the TDR classification during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011. Additionally, the table provides information about the types of TDR concessions. The Principal Forgiveness TDR category includes principal forgiveness and accrued interest forgiveness. These types of TDRs result in a write down of the recorded investment and a charge-off if such action has not already taken place. The Rate Reduction TDR category includes reduced interest rate and interest deferral. The TDRs within this category would result in reductions to future interest income. The Other TDR category primarily includes postponement/reduction of scheduled amortization, as well as contractual extensions.

 

In some cases, there have been multiple concessions granted on one loan. When there have been multiple concessions granted, the principal forgiveness TDR was prioritized for purposes of determining the inclusion in the table below. For example, if there is principal forgiveness in conjunction with lower interest rate and postponement of amortization, the type of concession will be reported as Principal Forgiveness. Second in priority would be rate reduction. For example, if there is an interest rate reduction in conjunction with postponement of amortization, the type of concession will be reported as a Rate Reduction.

Table 72: Financial Impact and TDRs by Concession Type (a)    
                          
      Pre-TDR Post-TDR Recorded Investment (c) 
During the three months ended September 30, 2012 Number  Recorded  Principal  Rate       
Dollars in millions of Loans  Investment (b)  Forgiveness  Reduction  Other  Total 
Commercial lending                        
 Commercial   35  $ 112  $ 9  $ 50  $ 35  $ 94 
 Commercial real estate   17    74    5        59    64 
 Equipment lease financing (d)   2    3                 
Total commercial lending   54    189    14    50    94    158 
Consumer lending                        
 Home equity   962    65        53    10    63 
 Residential real estate   205    40        18    21    39 
 Credit card   2,435    18        17        17 
 Other consumer   157    4        1    4    5 
Total consumer lending   3,759    127        89    35    124 
 Total TDRs   3,813  $ 316  $ 14  $ 139  $ 129  $ 282 
During the three months ended September 30, 2011 (e)                        
Dollars in millions                        
Commercial lending                        
 Commercial   174  $ 39  $ 1  $ 14  $ 22  $ 37 
 Commercial real estate   17    81    29    26    17    72 
 Equipment lease financing (d)   2                     
Total commercial lending    193    120    30    40    39    109 
Consumer lending                        
 Home equity   817    64        52    11    63 
 Residential real estate   399    116        70    42    112 
 Credit card   2,800    21        20        20 
 Other consumer   129    3            3    3 
Total consumer lending   4,145    204        142    56    198 
 Total TDRs   4,338  $ 324  $ 30  $ 182  $ 95  $ 307 

      Pre-TDR Post-TDR Recorded Investment (c) 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2012 Number  Recorded  Principal  Rate       
Dollars in millions of Loans  Investment (b)  Forgiveness  Reduction  Other  Total 
Commercial lending                        
 Commercial   173  $ 226  $ 13  $ 81  $ 88  $ 182 
 Commercial real estate   51    174    22    43    89    154 
 Equipment lease financing    8    21    2        11    13 
Total commercial lending   232    421    37    124    188    349 
Consumer lending                        
 Home equity   3,148    208        165    40    205 
 Residential real estate   587    114        47    63    110 
 Credit card   6,643    49        48        48 
 Other consumer   570    14        2    13    15 
Total consumer lending   10,948    385        262    116    378 
 Total TDRs   11,180  $ 806  $ 37  $ 386  $ 304  $ 727 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2011 (e)                        
Dollars in millions                        
Commercial lending                        
 Commercial   493  $ 96  $ 11  $ 24  $ 47  $ 82 
 Commercial real estate   56    225    64    97    39    200 
 Equipment lease financing (d)   2                     
Total commercial lending    551    321    75    121    86    282 
Consumer lending                        
 Home equity   3,259    264        240    23    263 
 Residential real estate   1,298    316        210    83    293 
 Credit card   9,786    73        70        70 
 Other consumer   303    8        1    7    8 
Total consumer lending   14,646    661        521    113    634 
 Total TDRs   15,197  $ 982  $ 75  $ 642  $ 199  $ 916 
(a)Impact of partial charge offs at TDR date are included in this table.
(b)Represents the recorded investment of the loans as of the quarter end prior to the TDR designation, and excludes immaterial amounts of accrued interest receivable.
(c)Represents the recorded investment of the TDRs as of the quarter end the TDR occurs, and excludes immaterial amounts of accrued interest receivable.
(d)During the three months ended September 30, 2012, the Post-TDR amount for the Equipment lease financing loan class totals less than $1 million. During both the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2011, the Pre-TDR and Post-TDR amounts for the Equipment lease financing loan class total less than $1 million.
(e)Includes loans modified during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2011 that were determined to be TDRs under the requirements of ASU 2011-02, which was adopted on July 1, 2011 and prospectively applied to all modifications entered into on and after January 1, 2011.

TDRs may result in charge-offs and interest income not being recognized. At or around the time of modification, there was $6 million in recorded investment of commercial TDRs, and zero in recorded investment of commercial real estate TDRs charged off during the three months ended September 30, 2012. Comparable amounts for the three months ended September 30, 2011 were zero and $5 million respectively. For residential real estate, there was $2 million of recorded investment charged off during the three months ended September 30, 2012, related to modifications in which principal was partially deferred and deemed uncollectible. The comparable amount for the three months ended September 30, 2011 was $3 million. There were no charge offs around the time of modification related to equipment lease financing, home equity, credit card, and other consumer TDR portfolios for either period.

 

At or around the time of modification, there was $18 million in recorded investment of commercial TDRs, $2 million in recorded investment of commercial real estate TDRs, and $5 million in recorded investment of equipment lease financing TDRs charged off during the nine months ended September 30, 2012. Comparable amounts for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 were $23 million, $12 million, and zero respectively. For residential real estate, there was $5 million of recorded investment charged off during the nine months ended September 30, 2012 related to modifications in which principal was partially deferred and deemed uncollectible. The comparable amount for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 was $15 million. There were no charge offs around the time of modification related to home equity, credit card, and other consumer TDR portfolios for either period.

 

A financial effect of rate reduction TDRs is that interest income is not recognized. Interest income not recognized that otherwise would have been earned in the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 related to both commercial TDRs and consumer TDRs was not material.

 

Pursuant to regulatory guidance issued in the third quarter, management compiled TDR information related to changes in treatment of certain loans where a borrower has been discharged from personal liability in bankruptcy and has not formally reaffirmed its loan obligation to PNC. This information was compiled as of September 30, 2012 and has been reflected in period end disclosures. Because of the timing of the compilation of the TDR information and the fact that it pertains to several prior periods, such information has not been reflected as part of the third quarter activity included in Table 72: Financial Impact and TDRs by Concession Type.

 

After a loan is determined to be a TDR, we continue to track its performance under its most recent restructured terms. In the table below, we consider a TDR to have subsequently defaulted when it becomes 60 days past due after the most recent date the loan was restructured. The following table presents the recorded investment of loans that were classified as TDRs or were subsequently modified during each 12-month period prior to the reporting periods preceding July 1, 2012, July 1, 2011, January 1, 2012 and January 1, 2011, respectively, in the table below and subsequently defaulted during these reporting periods.

 

Table 73: TDRs which have Subsequently Defaulted        
          
During the three months ended September 30, 2012       
Dollars in millionsNumber of Contracts  Recorded Investment 
Commercial lending        
 Commercial   20  $ 19 
 Commercial real estate   9    18 
Total commercial lending (a)   29    37 
Consumer lending        
 Home equity   140    13 
 Residential real estate  148    20 
 Credit card   2,037    15 
 Other consumer    38    1 
Total consumer lending   2,363    49 
 Total TDRs   2,392  $ 86 
During the three months ended September 30, 2011 (b)        
Dollars in millionsNumber of Contracts  Recorded Investment 
Commercial lending        
 Commercial   16  $ 16 
 Commercial real estate   9    60 
Total commercial lending (a)   25    76 
Consumer lending        
 Home equity   291    23 
 Residential real estate  140    32 
 Credit card   2,363    16 
 Other consumer (c)   14     
Total consumer lending    2,808    71 
 Total TDRs   2,833  $ 147 

During the nine months ended September 30, 2012       
Dollars in millionsNumber of Contracts  Recorded Investment 
Commercial lending        
 Commercial   78  $ 34 
 Commercial real estate   32    58 
 Equipment lease financing   5    11 
Total commercial lending    115    103 
Consumer lending        
 Home equity   506    46 
 Residential real estate  455    66 
 Credit card   2,979    21 
 Other consumer    114    4 
Total consumer lending   4,054    137 
 Total TDRs   4,169  $ 240 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2011 (b)        
Dollars in millionsNumber of Contracts  Recorded Investment 
Commercial lending        
 Commercial   20  $ 39 
 Commercial real estate   28    111 
Total commercial lending (a)   48    150 
Consumer lending        
 Home equity   848    68 
 Residential real estate  255    63 
 Credit card   3,696    24 
 Other consumer    18    1 
Total consumer lending    4,817    156 
 Total TDRs   4,865  $ 306 
(a)During the three months ended September 30, 2012, there were no loans classified as TDRs in the Equipment lease financing loan class that have subsequently defaulted. During both the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2011, there were no loans classified as TDRs in the Equipment lease financing loan class that have subsequently defaulted.
(b)Includes loans modified during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2011 that were determined to be TDRs under the requirements of ASU 2011-02, which was adopted on July 1, 2011 and prospectively applied to all modifications entered into on and after January 1, 2011.
(c)During the three months ended September 30, 2011, the total recorded investment for the Other consumer loan class was less than $1 million.

The impact to the ALLL for commercial lending TDRs is the effect of moving to the specific reserve methodology from the quantitative reserve methodology for those loans that were not already put on nonaccrual status. There is an impact to the ALLL as a result of the concession made, which generally results in the expectation of fewer future cash flows. The decline in expected cash flows, consideration of collateral value, and/or the application of a present value discount rate, when compared to the recorded investment, results in a charge-off or increased ALLL. As TDRs are individually evaluated under the specific reserve methodology, which builds in expectations of future performance, subsequent defaults do not generally have a significant additional impact to the ALLL.

 

For consumer lending TDRs the ALLL is calculated using a discounted cash flow model, which leverages subsequent default, prepayment, and severity rate assumptions based upon historically observed data. Similar to the commercial lending specific reserve methodology, the reduced expected cash flows resulting from the concessions granted impact the consumer lending ALLL. The decline in expected cash flows, consideration of collateral value, and/or the application of a present value discount rate, when compared to the recorded investment, results in a charge-off or increased ALLL.

 

Impaired Loans

Impaired loans include commercial nonperforming loans and consumer and commercial TDRs, regardless of nonperforming status. Excluded from impaired loans are nonperforming leases, loans held for sale, smaller balance homogeneous type loans and purchased impaired loans. See Note 6 Purchased Loans for additional information. Nonperforming equipment lease financing loans of $15 million and $22 million at September 30, 2012, and December 31, 2011, respectively, are excluded from impaired loans pursuant to authoritative lease accounting guidance. We did not recognize any interest income on impaired loans that have not returned to performing status, while they were impaired during the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and September 30, 2011. The following table provides further detail on impaired loans individually evaluated for impairment and the associated ALLL. Certain commercial impaired loans do not have a related ALLL as the valuation of these impaired loans exceeded the recorded investment.

 

Table 74: Impaired Loans        
                    
      Unpaid         Average 
      Principal Recorded Associated  Recorded 
In millions Balance Investment (a) Allowance (b)   Investment (a) 
September 30, 2012               
 Impaired loans with an associated allowance               
  Commercial $888 $598  $163  $690 
  Commercial real estate  924  611   167   819 
  Home equity (c)  971  951   298   831 
  Residential real estate (c)  964  790   174   747 
  Credit card (c)  211  211   51   233 
  Other consumer (c)  67  67   4   58 
 Total impaired loans with an associated allowance $4,025 $3,228  $857  $3,378 
 Impaired loans without an associated allowance               
  Commercial $458 $209      $165 
  Commercial real estate  765  474       411 
 Total impaired loans without an associated allowance $1,223 $683      $576 
 Total impaired loans $5,248 $3,911  $857  $3,954 
December 31, 2011               
 Impaired loans with an associated allowance               
  Commercial $1,125 $785  $241  $979 
  Commercial real estate  1,452  1,043   318   1,247 
  Home equity  774  762   292   702 
  Residential real estate  853  730   193   609 
  Credit card  258  258   53   281 
  Other consumer  48  48   3   39 
 Total impaired loans with an associated allowance $4,510 $3,626  $1,100  $3,857 
 Impaired loans without an associated allowance               
  Commercial $347 $125      $104 
  Commercial real estate  592  342       413 
 Total impaired loans without an associated allowance $939 $467      $517 
 Total impaired loans  $5,449 $4,093  $1,100  $4,374 
(a)Recorded investment in a loan includes the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest and net accounting adjustments, less any charge-offs. Recorded investment does not
 include any associated valuation allowance. Average recorded investment is for the nine months ended September 30, 2012, and year ended December 31, 2011. 
(b)Associated allowance amounts include $570 million and $580 million for TDRs at September 30, 2012, and December 31, 2011, respectively.
(c)Pursuant to regulatory guidance in the third quarter of 2012, the impact of TDRs where no formal reaffirmation was provided by the borrower and therefore a concession has
 been granted based upon discharge from personal liability in bankruptcy is included in the table.