XML 114 R11.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v2.4.0.6
Asset Quality
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2012
Asset Quality [Abstract]  
Asset Quality

Note 5 Asset Quality

 

Asset Quality

We closely monitor economic conditions and loan performance trends to manage and evaluate our exposure to credit risk. Trends in delinquency rates are a key indicator, among other considerations, of credit risk within the loan portfolios. The measurement of delinquency status is based on the contractual terms of each loan. Loans that are 30 days or more past due in terms of payment are considered delinquent. Loan delinquencies exclude loans held for sale and purchased impaired loans, but include government insured or guaranteed loans.

 

The trends in nonperforming assets represent another key indicator of the potential for future credit losses. Nonperforming assets include nonperforming loans, TDRs, and other real estate owned (OREO) and foreclosed assets, but exclude certain government insured or guaranteed loans, loans held for sale, loans accounted for under the fair value option and purchased impaired loans. See Note 6 Purchased Loans for further information.

 

See Note 1 Accounting Policies for additional delinquency, nonperforming, and charge-off information.

 

The following tables display the delinquency status of our loans and our nonperforming assets at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011.

 

Table 64: Age Analysis of Past Due Accruing Loans  
                                   
    Accruing            
    Current or Less     90 Days              
    Than 30 Days 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Or More  Total Past  Nonperforming  Purchased  Total 
In millionsPast Due Past Due Past Due Past Due  Due (a)  Loans  Impaired  Loans 
June 30, 2012                               
 Commercial $77,476 $130  $65  $34  $229   $791  $405 $78,901 
 Commercial real estate  15,967  123   105   16   244    1,142   1,127  18,480 
 Equipment lease financing  6,737  5   2   1   8    19      6,764 
 Home equity (b) (c)  32,152  124   68       192    722   2,772  35,838 
 Residential real estate (d) (e)  8,864  271   143   2,029   2,443    739   3,777  15,823 
 Credit card  4,024  33   22   38   93    6      4,123 
 Other consumer (f)  19,754  207   129   365   701    39   2  20,496 
  Total  $164,974 $893  $534  $2,483  $3,910   $3,458  $8,083 $180,425 
 Percentage of total loans  91.43% .49%  .30%  1.38%  2.17%   1.92%  4.48% 100.00%
December 31, 2011                               
 Commercial $ 64,437 $ 122  $ 47  $ 49  $ 218   $ 899  $ 140 $ 65,694 
 Commercial real estate   14,010   96    35    6    137     1,345    712   16,204 
 Equipment lease financing   6,367   22    5        27     22       6,416 
 Home equity (b) (c)   29,288   173    114    221    508     529    2,764   33,089 
 Residential real estate (d) (e)    7,935   302    176    2,281    2,759     726    3,049   14,469 
 Credit card   3,857   38    25    48    111     8       3,976 
 Other consumer (f)   18,355   265    145    368    778     31    2   19,166 
  Total  $ 144,249 $ 1,018  $ 547  $ 2,973  $ 4,538   $ 3,560  $ 6,667 $ 159,014 
 Percentage of total loans  90.72% .64%  .34%  1.87%  2.85%   2.24%  4.19% 100.00%
(a)Past due loan amounts exclude purchased impaired loans as they are considered performing, even if contractually past due (or if we do not expect to receive payment in full based on the original contractual terms), as we are currently accreting interest income over the expected life of the loans.
(b)In the first quarter of 2012, we adopted a policy stating that Home equity loans past due 90 days or more would be placed on nonaccrual status. Prior policy required that these loans be past due 180 days before being placed on nonaccrual status.
(c)In the second quarter of 2012, the Home equity amounts as of June 30, 2012 were reduced by $42 million and $27 million for the accruing loans past due 30 to 59 Days and 60 to 89 Days respectively, to correct for immaterial amounts. Prior period amounts have not been adjusted.
(d)Past due loan amounts at June 30, 2012, include government insured or guaranteed residential real estate mortgages, totaling $.1 billion for 30 to 59 days past due, $.1
  billion for 60 to 89 days past due and $1.9 billion for 90 days or more past due. Past due loan amounts at December 31, 2011, include government insured or guaranteed
  residential real estate mortgages, totaling $.1 billion for 30 to 59 days past due, $.1 billion for 60 to 89 days past due and $2.1 billion for 90 days or more past due.
(e)In the second quarter of 2012, the Residential real estate amounts as of June 30, 2012 were reduced by $28 million, $14 million and $28 million for the accruing loans past due 30 to 59 Days, 60 to 89 Days and 90 Days or More respectively, to correct for immaterial amounts. Prior period amounts have not been adjusted.
(f)Past due loan amounts at June 30, 2012, include government insured or guaranteed other consumer loans, totaling $.2 billion for 30 to 59 days past due, $.1 billion for
  60 to 89 days past due and $.3 billion for 90 days or more past due. Past due loan amounts at December 31, 2011, include government insured or guaranteed other consumer
  loans, totaling $.2 billion for 30 to 59 days past due, $.1 billion for 60 to 89 days past due and $.3 billion for 90 days or more past due.

Table 65: Nonperforming Assets
              
Dollars in millionsJune 30, 2012 December 31, 2011 
Nonperforming loans         
 Commercial lending         
  Commercial  $ 791  $ 899 
  Commercial real estate    1,142    1,345 
  Equipment lease financing    19    22 
   Total commercial lending    1,952    2,266 
 Consumer lending (a)         
  Home equity (b)    722    529 
  Residential real estate (c)    739    726 
  Credit card     6    8 
  Other consumer    39    31 
   Total consumer lending    1,506    1,294 
Total nonperforming loans (d)    3,458    3,560 
OREO and foreclosed assets         
 Other real estate owned (OREO) (e)    670    561 
 Foreclosed and other assets    48    35 
   Total OREO and foreclosed assets    718    596 
Total nonperforming assets  $ 4,176  $ 4,156 
Nonperforming loans to total loans    1.92%   2.24%
Nonperforming assets to total loans, OREO and foreclosed assets    2.31    2.60 
Nonperforming assets to total assets    1.39    1.53 
(a)Excludes most consumer loans and lines of credit, not secured by residential real estate, which are charged off after 120 to 180 days past due and are not placed on nonperforming status.
(b)In the first quarter of 2012, we adopted a policy stating that Home equity loans past due 90 days or more would be placed on nonaccrual status. Prior policy required that these loans be past due 180 days before being placed on nonaccrual status.
(c)Nonperforming residential real estate excludes loans of $55 million and $61 million accounted for under the fair value option as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.
(d)Nonperforming loans exclude certain government insured or guaranteed loans, loans held for sale, loans accounted for under the fair value option and purchased impaired loans.
(e)OREO excludes $262 million and $280 million at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, related to residential real estate that was acquired by us upon foreclosure of serviced loans because they are insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).

Nonperforming loans also include loans whose terms have been restructured in a manner that grants a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, these loans are considered TDRs. See Note 1 Accounting Policies and the TDR section of this Note 5 for additional information. For the six months ended June 30, 2012, $1.6 billion of loans held for sale, loans accounted for under the fair value option, pooled purchased impaired loans, as well as certain consumer government insured or guaranteed loans which were evaluated for TDR consideration, are not classified as TDRs. The comparable amount for the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $1.1 billion.

 

Total nonperforming loans in the nonperforming assets table above include TDRs of $1.2 billion at June 30, 2012 and $1.1 billion at December 31, 2011. TDRs returned to performing (accruing) status totaled $878 million and $771 million at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, and are excluded from nonperforming loans. These loans have demonstrated a period of at least six months of consecutive performance under the restructured terms. At June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, remaining commitments to lend additional funds to debtors in a commercial or consumer TDR were immaterial.

 

Additional Asset Quality Indicators

We have two overall portfolio segments – Commercial Lending and Consumer Lending. Each of these two segments is comprised of one or more loan classes. Classes are characterized by similarities in initial measurement, risk attributes and the manner in which we monitor and assess credit risk. The commercial segment is comprised of the commercial, commercial real estate, equipment lease financing, and commercial purchased impaired loan classes. The consumer segment is comprised of the home equity, residential real estate, credit card, other consumer, and consumer purchased impaired loan classes. Asset quality indicators for each of these loan classes are discussed in more detail below.

 

Commercial Lending Asset Classes

 

Commercial Loan Class

For commercial loans, we monitor the performance of the borrower in a disciplined and regular manner based upon the level of credit risk inherent in the loan. To evaluate the level of credit risk, we assign an internal risk rating reflecting the borrower's PD and LGD. This two-dimensional credit risk rating methodology provides risk granularity in the monitoring process on an ongoing basis. At least annually, we update PDs based upon market data. Additionally, when statistically significant historical data exists, we update our LGDs. The combination of the PD and LGD ratings assigned to a commercial loan, capturing both the combination of expectations of default and loss severity in event of default, reflects the relative estimated likelihood of loss for that loan at the reporting date. Loans with better PD and LGD have a lower likelihood of loss. Conversely, loans with worse PD and LGD have a higher likelihood of loss. The loss amount also considers EAD, which we update when statistically significant historical data exists.

 

Based upon the amount of the lending arrangement and our risk rating assessment, we follow a formal schedule of written periodic review. On a quarterly basis, we conduct formal reviews of a market's or business unit's entire loan portfolio, focusing on those loans which we perceive to be of higher risk, based upon PDs and LGDs, or weakening credit quality. If circumstances warrant, it is our practice to review any customer obligation and its level of credit risk more frequently. We attempt to proactively manage our loans by using various procedures that are customized to the risk of a given loan, including ongoing outreach, contact, and assessment of obligor financial conditions, collateral inspection and appraisal.

 

Commercial Real Estate Loan Class

We manage credit risk associated with our commercial real estate projects and commercial mortgage activities similar to commercial loans by analyzing PD and LGD. However, due to the nature of the collateral, for commercial real estate projects and commercial mortgages, the LGDs tend to be significantly lower than those seen in the commercial class. Additionally, risks connected with commercial real estate projects and commercial mortgage activities tend to be correlated to the loan structure and collateral location, project progress and business environment. As a result, these attributes are also monitored and utilized in assessing credit risk.

 

As with the commercial class, a formal schedule of periodic review is performed to also assess market/geographic risk and business unit/industry risk. Often as a result of these overviews, more in-depth reviews and increased scrutiny is placed on areas of higher risk, including adverse changes in risk ratings, deteriorating operating trends, and/or areas that concern management. The goal of these reviews is to assess risk and take actions to mitigate our exposure to such risks.

 

Equipment Lease Financing Loan Class

We manage credit risk associated with our equipment lease financing class similar to commercial loans by analyzing PD and LGD.

 

Based upon the dollar amount of the lease and of the level of credit risk, we follow a formal schedule of periodic review. Generally, this occurs on a quarterly basis, although we have established practices to review such credit risk more frequently, if circumstances warrant. Our review process entails analysis of the following factors: equipment value/residual value, exposure levels, jurisdiction risk, industry risk, guarantor requirements, and regulatory compliance.

 

Commercial Purchased Impaired Loans Class

The credit impacts of purchased impaired loans are primarily determined through the estimation of expected cash flows. Commercial cash flow estimates are influenced by a number of credit related items, which include but are not limited to: estimated collateral value, receipt of additional collateral, secondary trading prices, circumstances of possible and/or ongoing liquidation, capital availability, business operations and payment patterns.

 

We attempt to proactively manage these factors by using various procedures that are customized to the risk of a given loan. These procedures include a review by our Special Asset Committee (SAC), ongoing outreach, contact, and assessment of obligor financial conditions, collateral inspection and appraisal.

See Note 6 Purchased Loans for additional information.

Table 66: Commercial Lending Asset Quality Indicators (a)  
        Criticized Commercial Loans   
      Pass Special          Total 
In millions  Rated (b) Mention (c) Substandard (d) Doubtful (e)  Loans 
June 30, 2012                  
 Commercial $73,232 $2,204  $2,784  $276 $78,496 
 Commercial real estate  13,551  957   2,512   333  17,353 
 Equipment lease financing  6,599  34   123   8  6,764 
 Purchased impaired loans   76  64   843   549  1,532 
  Total commercial lending (f) $93,458 $3,259  $6,262  $1,166 $104,145 
December 31, 2011                  
 Commercial $60,649 $1,831  $2,817  $257 $65,554 
 Commercial real estate  11,478  791   2,823   400  15,492 
 Equipment lease financing  6,210  48   153   5  6,416 
 Purchased impaired loans   107  35   542   168  852 
  Total commercial lending (f) $78,444 $2,705  $6,335  $830 $88,314 
(a)Based upon PDs and LGDs.
(b)Pass Rated loans include loans not classified as "Special Mention", "Substandard", or "Doubtful".
(c)Special Mention rated loans have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration
  of repayment prospects at some future date. These loans do not expose us to sufficient risk to warrant a more adverse classification at this time.
(d)Substandard rated loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the collection or liquidation of debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility
  that we will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
(e)Doubtful rated loans possess all the inherent weaknesses of a Substandard loan with the additional characteristics that the weakness makes collection or liquidation in full
  improbable due to existing facts, conditions, and values.
(f)Loans are included above based on their contractual terms as "Pass", "Special Mention", "Substandard" or "Doubtful".
                      

Consumer Lending Asset Classes

 

Home Equity and Residential Real Estate Loan Classes

We use several credit quality indicators, including delinquency information, nonperforming loan information, updated credit scores, originated and updated LTV ratios, and geography, to monitor and manage credit risk within the home equity and residential real estate loan classes. We evaluate mortgage loan performance by source originators and loan servicers. A summary of asset quality indicators follows:

 

Delinquency/Delinquency Rates: We monitor trending of delinquency/delinquency rates for home equity and residential real estate loans. See the Asset Quality section of this Note 5 for additional information.

 

Nonperforming Loans: We monitor trending of nonperforming loans for home equity and residential real estate loans. See the Asset Quality section of this Note 5 for additional information.

 

Credit Scores: We use a national third-party provider to update FICO credit scores for home equity loans and lines of credit and residential real estate loans on at least a quarterly basis. The updated scores are incorporated into a series of credit management reports, which are utilized to monitor the risk in the loan classes.

 

LTV (inclusive of combined loan-to-value (CLTV) ratios for second lien positions): Semi-annually, we update the property values of real estate collateral and calculate an updated LTV ratio. For open-end credit lines secured by real estate in regions experiencing significant declines in property values, more frequent valuations may occur. We examine LTV migration and stratify LTV into categories to monitor the risk in the loan classes.

 

Historically, we used, and we continue to use, a combination of original LTV and updated LTV for internal risk management reporting and risk management purposes (e.g., line management, loss mitigation strategies). In addition to the fact that estimated property values by their nature are estimates, given certain data limitations it is important to note that updated LTVs may be based upon management's assumptions (e.g., if an updated LTV is not provided by the third-party service provider, home price index (HPI) changes will be incorporated in arriving at management's estimate of updated LTV).

 

Geography: Geographic concentrations are monitored to evaluate and manage exposures. Loan purchase programs are sensitive to, and focused within, certain regions to manage geographic exposures and associated risks.

 

A combination of updated FICO scores, originated and updated LTV ratios and geographic location assigned to home equity loans and lines of credit and residential real estate loans are used to monitor the risk in the loan classes. Loans with higher FICO scores and lower LTVs tend to have a lower level of risk. Conversely, loans with lower FICO scores, higher LTVs, and in certain geographic locations tend to have a higher level of risk.

 

In the table below, we provide information on home equity and residential real estate outstanding balances and recorded investment. See Note 4 Loans and Commitments to Extend Credit for additional information.

 

Table 67: Home Equity and Residential Real Estate Balances  
          
    June 30  December 31 
In millions  2012  2011 
 Home equity and residential real estate loans - excluding purchased impaired loans (a) $44,712 $41,014 
 Home equity and residential real estate loans - purchased impaired loans (a)  7,330  6,533 
 Government insured or guaranteed residential real estate mortgages (a)  2,503  2,884 
 Purchase accounting, deferred fees and other accounting adjustments  (2,884)  (2,873) 
  Total home equity and residential real estate loans (b) $51,661 $47,558 
(a)Represents outstanding balance.
(b)Represents recorded investment.       

Table 68: Consumer Real Estate Secured Asset Quality Indicators - Excluding Purchased Impaired Loans (a) (b)  
                  
 Home Equity Residential Real Estate    
June 30, 2012 - in millions1st Liens  2nd Liens       Total  
Current estimated LTV ratios (c) (d)              
 Greater than or equal to 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660$ 517 $ 3,149  $ 817  $ 4,483 
  Less than or equal to 660 (e) (f)  82   714    273    1,069 
  Missing FICO  11   15    41    67 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 100% to less than 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  838   3,069    940    4,847 
  Less than or equal to 660 (e) (f)  124   568    232    924 
  Missing FICO  23   12    18    53 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 90% to less than 100% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  752   1,719    695    3,166 
  Less than or equal to 660   105   258    144    507 
  Missing FICO  38   21    15    74 
                  
 Less than 90% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  7,726   10,698    5,111    23,535 
  Less than or equal to 660  952   1,585    931    3,468 
  Missing FICO  909   260    438    1,607 
                  
 Missing LTV and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660     9        9 
  Less than or equal to 660     1        1 
  Missing FICO         902    902 
Total home equity and residential real estate loans$ 12,077 $ 22,078  $ 10,557  $ 44,712 

 Home Equity (g)Residential Real Estate    
December 31, 2011 - in millions 1st Liens  2nd Liens       Total  
Current estimated LTV ratios (c) (d)              
 Greater than or equal to 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660$ 481 $ 3,222  $ 1,845  $ 5,548 
  Less than or equal to 660 (e) (f)  78   747    463    1,288 
  Missing FICO  1   9    289    299 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 100% to less than 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  706   2,940    1,336    4,982 
  Less than or equal to 660 (e) (f)  127   582    349    1,058 
  Missing FICO  1   5    53    59 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 90% to less than 100% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  660   1,587    760    3,007 
  Less than or equal to 660   98   255    200    553 
  Missing FICO  8   15    12    35 
                  
 Less than 90% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  6,588   9,747    3,152    19,487 
  Less than or equal to 660  821   1,405    799    3,025 
  Missing FICO  679   218    32    929 
                  
 Missing LTV and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660     11        11 
  Less than or equal to 660     2        2 
  Missing FICO         731    731 
Total home equity and residential real estate loans$ 10,248 $ 20,745  $ 10,021  $ 41,014 
(a)Excludes purchased impaired loans of approximately $7.3 billion and $6.5 billion in outstanding balances, certain government insured or guaranteed residential real estate mortgages of approximately $2.5 billion and $2.9 billion, and loans held for sale at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. See the Consumer Real Estate Secured Asset Quality Indicators - Purchased Impaired Loans table below for additional information on purchased impaired loans.
(b)Amounts shown represent outstanding balance. 
(c)Based upon updated LTV (inclusive of CLTV for second lien positions).
(d)Updated LTV (inclusive of CLTV for second lien positions) are estimated using modeled property values. These ratios are updated semi-annually. The related estimates and inputs are based upon an approach that uses a combination of third-party automated valuation models (AVMs), HPI indices, property location, internal and external balance information, origination data and management assumptions. In cases where we are in an originated second lien position, we generally utilize origination balances provided by a third-party which do not include an amortization assumption when calculating updated LTV. Accordingly, the results of these calculations do not represent actual appraised loan level collateral or updated LTV based upon a current first lien balance, and as such, are necessarily imprecise and subject to change as we enhance our methodology.
(e)Higher risk loans are defined as loans with both an updated FICO score of less than or equal to 660 and an updated LTV greater than or equal to 100%.
(f)The following states have the highest percentage of higher risk loans at June 30, 2012: New Jersey 12%, Illinois 10%, Florida 10%, California 10%, Pennsylvania 9%, Ohio 9%, Maryland 6%, and Michigan 5%. The remainder of the states have lower than 4% of the high risk loans individually, and collectively they represent approximately 29% of the higher risk loans. At December 31, 2011, the states with the highest percentage of higher risk loans were as follows: Pennsylvania 13%, New Jersey 13%, Illinois 10%, Ohio 9%, Florida 8%, California 8%, Maryland 5%, and Michigan 5%. The remainder of the states had lower than 3% of the high risk loans individually, and collectively they represented approximately 29% of the higher risk loans.
(g)In the second quarter of 2012, we made changes to the assumptions used to determine home equity first and second lien positions. This resulted in an increase in Home equity 2nd liens of $2.4 billion and a corresponding decrease in Home equity 1st liens as of December 31, 2011.  

Table 69: Consumer Real Estate Secured Asset Quality Indicators - Purchased Impaired Loans (a)  
                  
 Home Equity (b) (c) Residential Real Estate (b) (c)   
June 30, 2012 - in millions 1st Liens  2nd Liens       Total  
Current estimated LTV ratios (d) (e)              
 Greater than or equal to 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660$ 16 $ 681  $ 369  $ 1,066 
  Less than or equal to 660   16   379    335    730 
  Missing FICO     19    17    36 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 100% to less than 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  23   427    367    817 
  Less than or equal to 660   20   217    308    545 
  Missing FICO     16    13    29 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 90% to less than 100% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  14   109    189    312 
  Less than or equal to 660   12   67    175    254 
  Missing FICO     5    3    8 
                  
 Less than 90% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  59   646    1,124    1,829 
  Less than or equal to 660  104   432    953    1,489 
  Missing FICO  1   20    44    65 
                  
 Missing LTV and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660         1    1 
  Less than or equal to 660         1    1 
  Missing FICO     6    142    148 
Total home equity and residential real estate loans$ 265 $ 3,024  $ 4,041  $ 7,330 

 Home Equity (b) (c) (f) Residential Real Estate (b) (c)   
December 31, 2011 - in millions 1st Liens  2nd Liens       Total  
Current estimated LTV ratios (d) (e)              
 Greater than or equal to 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660$ 15 $ 833  $ 361  $ 1,209 
  Less than or equal to 660   15   513    681    1,209 
  Missing FICO     23    38    61 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 100% to less than 125% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  17   509    229    755 
  Less than or equal to 660   16   286    375    677 
  Missing FICO     19    7    26 
                  
 Greater than or equal to 90% to less than 100% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  10   127    116    253 
  Less than or equal to 660   11   79    208    298 
  Missing FICO     5    4    9 
                  
 Less than 90% and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660  46   423    404    873 
  Less than or equal to 660  72   366    679    1,117 
  Missing FICO  1   17    22    40 
                  
 Missing LTV and updated FICO scores:              
  Greater than 660         1    1 
  Less than or equal to 660     1    1    2 
  Missing FICO     1    2    3 
Total home equity and residential real estate loans$ 203 $ 3,202  $ 3,128  $ 6,533 
(a)Amounts shown represent outstanding balance. See Note 6 Purchased Loans for additional information.
(b)For the estimate of cash flows utilized in our purchased impaired loan accounting, other assumptions and estimates are made, including amortization of first lien balances, pre-payment rates, etc., which are not reflected in this table.
(c)The following states have the highest percentage of loans at June 30, 2012: California 21%, Florida 21%, Illinois 8%, Ohio 6%, North Carolina 5%, and Michigan 4%. The remainder of the states have lower than a 4% concentration of purchased impaired loans individually, and collectively they represent approximately 35% of the purchased impaired portfolio. At December 31, 2011, the states with the highest percentage of loans were as follows: California 22%, Florida 13%, Illinois 12%, Ohio 9%, Michigan 5% and New York 4%. The remainder of the states have lower than a 4% concentration of purchased impaired loans individually, and collectively they represent approximately 35% of the purchased impaired portfolio.
(d)Based upon updated LTV (inclusive of CLTV for second lien positions).
(e)Updated LTV (inclusive of CLTV for second lien positions) are estimated using modeled property values. These ratios are updated semi-annually. The related estimates and inputs are based upon an approach that uses a combination of third-party AVMs, HPI indices, property location, internal and external balance information, origination data and management assumptions. In cases where we are in an originated second lien position, we generally utilize origination balances provided by a third-party which do not include an amortization assumption when calculating updated LTV. Accordingly, the results of these calculations do not represent actual appraised loan level collateral or updated LTV based upon a current first lien balance, and as such, are necessarily imprecise and subject to change as we enhance our methodology.
(f)In the second quarter of 2012, we made changes to the assumptions used to determine lien position. This resulted in a decrease in Home equity 1st liens of $65 million and a corresponding increase in Home equity 2nd liens as of December 31, 2011.

Credit Card and Other Consumer Loan Classes

We monitor a variety of asset quality information in the management of the credit card and other consumer loan classes. Other consumer loan classes include education, automobile, and other secured and unsecured lines and loans. Along with the trending of delinquencies and losses for each class, FICO credit score updates are generally obtained on a monthly basis, as well as a variety of credit bureau attributes. Loans with high FICO scores tend to have a lower likelihood of loss. Conversely, loans with low FICO scores tend to have a higher likelihood of loss.

 

Consumer Purchased Impaired Loans Class

Estimates of the expected cash flows primarily determine the credit impacts of consumer purchased impaired loans. Consumer cash flow estimates are influenced by a number of credit related items, which include, but are not limited to: estimated real estate values, payment patterns, updated FICO scores, the current economic environment, updated LTV ratios and the date of origination. These key factors are monitored to help ensure that concentrations of risk are mitigated and cash flows are maximized.

 

See Note 6 Purchased Loans for additional information.

 

Table 70: Credit Card and Other Consumer Loan Classes Asset Quality Indicators
               
 Credit Card (a)  Other Consumer (b) 
     % of Total Loans     % of Total Loans 
     Using FICO     Using FICO  
Dollars in millions Amount Credit Metric   Amount Credit Metric 
June 30, 2012             
 FICO score greater than 719$ 2,107  50%  $ 6,315  56% 
 650 to 719  1,145  28     2,527  23  
 620 to 649  188  5     400  4  
 Less than 620  255  7     542  5  
 No FICO score available or required (c)  428  10     1,407  12  
Total loans using FICO credit metric  4,123  100%    11,191  100% 
 Consumer loans using other internal credit metrics (b)         9,305    
Total loan balance$ 4,123     $ 20,496    
Weighted-average updated FICO score (d)     725       740  
December 31, 2011             
 FICO score greater than 719$ 2,016  51%  $ 5,556  61% 
 650 to 719  1,100  28     2,125  23  
 620 to 649  184  5     370  4  
 Less than 620  284  7     548  6  
 No FICO score available or required (c)  392  9     574  6  
Total loans using FICO credit metric  3,976  100%    9,173  100% 
 Consumer loans using other internal credit metrics (b)         9,993    
Total loan balance$ 3,976     $ 19,166    
Weighted-average updated FICO score (d)     723       739  
(a)At June 30, 2012, we had $38 million of credit card loans that are higher risk (i.e., loans with both updated FICO scores less than 660 and in late stage (90+ days)
 delinquency status). The majority of the June 30, 2012 balance related to higher risk credit card loans is geographically distributed throughout the following areas: Ohio 18%,
 Michigan 14%, Pennsylvania 13%, Illinois 7%, Indiana 7%, Florida 6%, New Jersey 5% and Kentucky 4%. All other states, none of which comprise more than 4%, make up
 the remainder of the balance. At December 31, 2011, we had $49 million of credit card loans that are higher risk. The majority of the December 31, 2011 balance related to
 higher risk credit card loans is geographically distributed throughout the following areas: Ohio 20%, Michigan 14%, Pennsylvania 13%, Illinois 7%, Indiana 7%, Florida 6%
 and Kentucky 5%. All other states, none of which comprise more than 4%, make up the remainder of the balance.  
(b)Other consumer loans for which updated FICO scores are used as an asset quality indicator include non-government guaranteed or insured education loans, automobile
 loans and other secured and unsecured lines and loans. Other consumer loans for which other internal credit metrics are used as an asset quality indicator include primarily
 government guaranteed or insured education loans, as well as consumer loans to high net worth individuals. Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status,
 geography or other factors.             
(c)Credit card loans and other consumer loans with no FICO score available or required refers to new accounts issued to borrowers with limited credit history, accounts for
 which we cannot obtain an updated FICO (e.g., recent profile changes), cards issued with a business name, and/or cards secured by collateral. Management proactively
 assesses the risk and size of this loan portfolio and, when necessary, takes actions to mitigate the credit risk.
(d)Weighted-average updated FICO score excludes accounts with no FICO score available or required.

Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs)

 

A TDR is a loan whose terms have been restructured in a manner that grants a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties. TDRs typically result from our loss mitigation activities and include rate reductions, principal forgiveness, postponement/reduction of scheduled amortization, and extensions, which are intended to minimize economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. In those situations where principal is forgiven, the amount of such principal forgiveness is immediately charged off.

 

Some TDRs may not ultimately result in the full collection of principal and interest, as restructured, and result in potential incremental losses. These potential incremental losses have been factored into our overall ALLL estimate. The level of any subsequent defaults will likely be affected by future economic conditions. Once a loan becomes a TDR, it will continue to be reported as a TDR until it is ultimately repaid in full, the collateral is foreclosed upon, or it is fully charged off. We held specific reserves in the ALLL of $572 million and $580 million at June 30, 2012, and December 31, 2011, respectively, for the total TDR portfolio.

 

Table 71: Summary of Troubled Debt Restructurings  
         
    June 30  Dec. 31  
In millions  2012  2011 
Total consumer lending$1,836 $1,798 
Total commercial lending 483  405 
 Total TDRs $2,319 $2,203 
Nonperforming  $1,189 $1,141 
Accruing (a)  878  771 
Credit card (b)  252  291 
 Total TDRs $2,319 $2,203 
(a)Accruing loans have demonstrated a period of at least six months of performance under the restructured terms and are excluded from nonperforming loans.
(b)Includes credit cards and certain small business and consumer credit agreements whose terms have been restructured and are TDRs. However, since our policy is to exempt these loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance as generally these loans are directly charged off in the period that they become 180 days past due, these loans are excluded from nonperforming loans. 

The table below quantifies the number of loans that were classified as TDRs as well as the change in the recorded investments as a result of the TDR classification during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011. Additionally, the table provides information about the types of TDR concessions. The Principal Forgiveness TDR category includes principal forgiveness and accrued interest forgiveness. These types of TDRs result in a write down of the recorded investment and a charge-off if such action has not already taken place. The Rate Reduction TDR category includes reduced interest rate and interest deferral. The TDRs within this category would result in reductions to future interest income. The Other TDR category primarily includes postponement/reduction of scheduled amortization, as well as contractual extensions.

 

In some cases, there have been multiple concessions granted on one loan. When there have been multiple concessions granted, the principal forgiveness TDR was prioritized for purposes of determining the inclusion in the table below. For example, if there is principal forgiveness in conjunction with lower interest rate and postponement of amortization, the type of concession will be reported as Principal Forgiveness. Second in priority would be rate reduction. For example, if there is an interest rate reduction in conjunction with postponement of amortization, the type of concession will be reported as a Rate Reduction.

Table 72: Financial Impact and TDRs by Concession Type (a)  
                          
      Pre-TDR Post-TDR Recorded Investment (c) 
During the three months ended June 30, 2012 Number  Recorded  Principal  Rate       
Dollars in millions of Loans  Investment (b)  Forgiveness  Reduction  Other  Total 
Commercial lending                        
 Commercial   33  $ 102  $ 1  $ 40  $ 42  $ 83 
 Commercial real estate   13    26    8    5    9    22 
 Equipment lease financing    1    3    1            1 
Total commercial lending   47    131    10    45    51    106 
Consumer lending                        
 Home equity   1,083    69        60    8    68 
 Residential real estate   200    41        18    20    38 
 Credit card   2,268    17        16        16 
 Other consumer   61    1            1    1 
Total consumer lending   3,612    128        94    29    123 
 Total TDRs   3,659  $ 259  $ 10  $ 139  $ 80  $ 229 
During the three months ended June 30, 2011 (d)                        
Dollars in millions                        
Commercial lending                        
 Commercial   169  $ 38  $ 8  $ 9  $ 14  $ 31 
 Commercial real estate   19    75    22    29    9    60 
Total commercial lending (e)   188    113    30    38    23    91 
Consumer lending                        
 Home equity   669    59        55    4    59 
 Residential real estate   356    69        50    15    65 
 Credit card   3,492    26        25        25 
 Other consumer   117    4        1    3    4 
Total consumer lending   4,634    158        131    22    153 
 Total TDRs   4,822  $ 271  $ 30  $ 169  $ 45  $ 244 

      Pre-TDR Post-TDR Recorded Investment (c) 
During the six months ended June 30, 2012 Number  Recorded  Principal  Rate       
Dollars in millions of Loans  Investment (b)  Forgiveness  Reduction  Other  Total 
Commercial lending                        
 Commercial   137  $ 128  $ 3  $ 44  $ 53  $ 100 
 Commercial real estate   34    100    17    43    29    89 
 Equipment lease financing    6    18    1        11    12 
Total commercial lending   177    246    21    87    93    201 
Consumer lending                        
 Home equity   2,186    143        112    30    142 
 Residential real estate   382    74        29    42    71 
 Credit card   4,651    35        33        33 
 Other consumer   413    10        1    9    10 
Total consumer lending   7,632    262        175    81    256 
 Total TDRs   7,809  $ 508  $ 21  $ 262  $ 174  $ 457 
During the six months ended June 30, 2011 (d)                        
Dollars in millions                        
Commercial lending                        
 Commercial   319  $ 57  $ 10  $ 11  $ 25  $ 46 
 Commercial real estate   39    144    35    71    22    128 
Total commercial lending (e)   358    201    45    82    47    174 
Consumer lending                        
 Home equity   1,739    145        139    7    146 
 Residential real estate   730    161        123    23    146 
 Credit card   7,459    56        53        53 
 Other consumer   138    5        1    4    5 
Total consumer lending   10,066    367        316    34    350 
 Total TDRs   10,424  $ 568  $ 45  $ 398  $ 81  $ 524 
(a)Impact of partial charge offs at TDR date are included in this table.
(b)Represents the recorded investment of the loans as of the quarter end prior to the TDR designation, and excludes immaterial amounts of accrued interest receivable.
(c)Represents the recorded investment of the TDRs as of the quarter end the TDR occurs, and excludes immaterial amounts of accrued interest receivable.
(d)Includes loans modified during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2011 that were determined to be TDRs under the requirements of ASU 2011-02, which was adopted on July 1, 2011 and prospectively applied to all modifications entered into on and after January 1, 2011.
(e)During both the three months and six months ended June 30, 2011, there were no loans classified as TDRs in the Equipment lease financing loan class.

TDRs may result in charge-offs and interest income not being recognized. At or around the time of modification, there was $11 million in recorded investment of commercial TDRs, less than $1 million in recorded investment of commercial real estate TDRs, and less than $1 million in recorded investment of equipment lease financing TDRs charged off during the three months ended June 30, 2012. Comparable amounts for the three months ended June 30, 2011were $21 million, $5 million, and zero respectively. For residential real estate, there was $3 million of recorded investment charged off during the three months ended June 30, 2012, related to modifications in which principal was partially deferred and deemed uncollectible. The comparable amount for the three months ended June 30, 2011 was $4 million. There were no charge offs around the time of modification related to home equity, credit card, and other consumer TDR portfolios for either periods.

 

At or around the time of modification, there was $12 million in recorded investment of commercial TDRs, $2 million in recorded investment of commercial real estate TDRs, and $5 million in recorded investment of equipment lease financing TDRs charged off during the six months ended June 30, 2012. Comparable amounts for the six months ended June 30, 2011 were $23 million, $7 million, and zero respectively. For residential real estate, there was $3 million of recorded investment charged off during the six months ended June 30, 2012 related to modifications in which principal was partially deferred and deemed uncollectible. The comparable amount for the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $12 million. There were no charge offs around the time of modification related to home equity, credit card, and other consumer TDR portfolios for either periods.

 

A financial effect of rate reduction TDRs is that interest income is not recognized. Interest income not recognized that otherwise would have been earned in the three months and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 related to both commercial TDRs and consumer TDRs was not material.

 

After a loan is determined to be a TDR, we continue to track its performance under its most recent restructured terms. In the table below, we consider a TDR to have subsequently defaulted when it becomes 60 days past due after the most recent date the loan was restructured. The following table presents the recorded investment of loans that were classified as TDRs or were subsequently modified during each 12-month period prior to the reporting periods preceding April 1, 2012, April 1, 2011, January 1, 2012 and January 1, 2011, respectively, in the table below and subsequently defaulted during these reporting periods.

 

Table 73: TDRs which have Subsequently Defaulted         
          
During the three months ended June 30, 2012       
Dollars in millionsNumber of Contracts  Recorded Investment 
Commercial lending        
 Commercial   27  $ 5 
 Commercial real estate   15    35 
 Equipment lease financing   5    11 
Total commercial lending    47    51 
Consumer lending        
 Home equity   161    14 
 Residential real estate  144    23 
 Credit card   2,114    15 
 Other consumer    39    1 
Total consumer lending   2,458    53 
 Total TDRs   2,505  $ 104 
During the three months ended June 30, 2011 (a)        
Dollars in millionsNumber of Contracts  Recorded Investment 
Commercial lending        
 Commercial real estate   14  $ 18 
Total commercial lending (b)   14    18 
Consumer lending        
 Home equity   313    24 
 Residential real estate  63    15 
 Credit card   2,380    17 
 Other consumer   4    1 
Total consumer lending    2,760    57 
 Total TDRs   2,774  $ 75 

During the six months ended June 30, 2012       
Dollars in millionsNumber of Contracts  Recorded Investment 
Commercial lending        
 Commercial   58  $ 15 
 Commercial real estate   23    40 
 Equipment lease financing   5    11 
Total commercial lending    86    66 
Consumer lending        
 Home equity   366    33 
 Residential real estate  307    46 
 Credit card   2,815    20 
 Other consumer    76    3 
Total consumer lending   3,564    102 
 Total TDRs   3,650  $ 168 
During the six months ended June 30, 2011 (a)        
Dollars in millionsNumber of Contracts  Recorded Investment 
Commercial lending        
 Commercial   4  $ 22 
 Commercial real estate   19    52 
Total commercial lending (b)   23    74 
Consumer lending        
 Home equity   557    45 
 Residential real estate  115    31 
 Credit card   3,228    22 
 Other consumer    4    1 
Total consumer lending    3,904    99 
 Total TDRs   3,927  $ 173 
(a)Includes loans modified during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2011 that were determined to be TDRs under the requirements of ASU 2011-02, which was adopted on July 1, 2011 and prospectively applied to all modifications entered into on and after January 1, 2011.
(b)During both the three months and six months ended June 30, 2011, there were no loans classified as TDRs in the Equipment lease financing loan class that have subsequently defaulted. Additionally, during the three months ended June 30, 2011 there were no loans classified as TDRs in the Commercial loan class that have subsequently defaulted.

The impact to the ALLL for commercial lending TDRs is the effect of moving to the specific reserve methodology from the quantitative reserve methodology for those loans that were not already put on nonaccrual status. There is an impact to the ALLL as a result of the concession made, which generally results in the expectation of fewer future cash flows. The decline in expected cash flows, as well as the application of a present value discount rate, when compared to the recorded investment, results in a charge-off or increased ALLL. Subsequent defaults of commercial lending TDRs do not have a significant impact on the ALLL as these TDRs are individually evaluated under the specific reserve methodology.

 

For consumer lending TDRs the ALLL is calculated using a discounted cash flow model, which leverages subsequent default, prepayment, and severity rate assumptions based upon historically observed data. Similar to the commercial lending specific reserve methodology, the reduced expected cash flows resulting from the concessions granted impact the consumer lending ALLL. The decline in expected cash flows, as well as the application of a present value discount rate, when compared to the recorded investment, results in a charge-off or increased ALLL.

 

Impaired Loans

Impaired loans include commercial nonperforming loans and consumer and commercial TDRs, regardless of nonperforming status. Excluded from impaired loans are nonperforming leases, loans held for sale, smaller balance homogeneous type loans and purchased impaired loans. See Note 6 Purchased Loans for additional information. Nonperforming equipment lease financing loans of $19 million and $22 million at June 30, 2012, and December 31, 2011, respectively, are excluded from impaired loans pursuant to authoritative lease accounting guidance. We did not recognize any interest income on impaired loans that have not returned to performing status, while they were impaired during the six months ended June 30, 2012 and June 30, 2011. The following table provides further detail on impaired loans individually evaluated for impairment and the associated ALLL. Certain commercial impaired loans do not have a related ALLL as the valuation of these impaired loans exceeded the recorded investment.

 

Table 74: Impaired Loans  
                    
      Unpaid         Average 
      Principal Recorded Associated  Recorded 
In millions Balance Investment (a) Allowance (b)   Investment (a) 
June 30, 2012               
 Impaired loans with an associated allowance               
  Commercial $992 $670  $216  $715 
  Commercial real estate  1,090  713   248   895 
  Home equity  830  819   291   791 
  Residential real estate  902  741   174   733 
  Credit card  220  220   58   240 
  Other consumer  56  56   4   54 
 Total impaired loans with an associated allowance $4,090 $3,219  $991  $3,428 
 Impaired loans without an associated allowance               
  Commercial $412 $157      $150 
  Commercial real estate  792  466       390 
 Total impaired loans without an associated allowance $1,204 $623      $540 
 Total impaired loans $5,294 $3,842  $991  $3,968 
December 31, 2011               
 Impaired loans with an associated allowance               
  Commercial $1,125 $785  $241  $979 
  Commercial real estate  1,452  1,043   318   1,247 
  Home equity  774  762   292   702 
  Residential real estate  853  730   193   609 
  Credit card  258  258   53   281 
  Other consumer  48  48   3   39 
 Total impaired loans with an associated allowance $4,510 $3,626  $1,100  $3,857 
 Impaired loans without an associated allowance               
  Commercial $347 $125      $104 
  Commercial real estate  592  342       413 
 Total impaired loans without an associated allowance $939 $467      $517 
 Total impaired loans  $5,449 $4,093  $1,100  $4,374 
(a)Recorded investment in a loan includes the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest and net accounting adjustments, less any charge-offs. Recorded investment does not
 include any associated valuation allowance. Average recorded investment is for the six months ended June 30, 2012, and year ended December 31, 2011. 
(b)Associated allowance amounts include $572 million and $580 million for TDRs at June 30, 2012, and December 31, 2011, respectively.