Note 5 — Investment Securities

The following tables present information related to the Corporation’s portfolio of securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at December 31, 2013 and 2012.

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
	December 31, 2013
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale:
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	$	14,344	$	—	$	(825)	$	13,519
Federal agency obligations		20,567		29		(655)		19,941
Residential mortgage pass-through securities		48,312		791		(229)		48,874
Commercial mortgage pass-through securities		7,145		3		(157)		6,991
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		30,804		711		(55)		31,460
Trust preferred securities		19,763		150		(510)		19,403
Corporate bonds and notes		154,182		4,930		(482)		158,630
Asset-backed securities		15,733		246		—		15,979
Certificates of deposit		2,250		32		(20)		2,262
Equity securities		376		—		(89)		287
Other securities		5,671		68		(15)		5,724
Total	$	319,147	$	6,960	$	(3,037)	$	323,070
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity:
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	$	28,056	$	—	$	(1,019)	$	27,037
Federal agency obligations		15,249		23		(389)		14,883
Residential mortgage-backed securities		2,246		—		(64)		2,182
Commercial mortgage-backed securities		4,417		41		(62)		4,396
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		127,418		1,303		(3,688)		125,033
Corporate bonds and notes		37,900		149		(622)		37,427
Total	$	215,286	$	1,516	$	(5,844)	$	210,958
Total investment securities	$	534,433	$	8,476	$	(8,881)	$	534,028

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
	December 31, 2012
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale:
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	$	11,870	$	62	$	(23)	$	11,909
Federal agency obligations		20,207		333		(5)		20,535
Residential mortgage pass-through securities		52,400		1,385		(1)		53,784
Commercial mortgage pass-through securities		9,725		244		—		9,969
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		103,193		4,653		(132)		107,714
Trust preferred securities		22,279		144		(1,174)		21,249
Corporate bonds and notes		228,681		9,095		(371)		237,405
Collateralized mortgage obligations		2,120		—		—		2,120
Asset-backed securities		19,431		311		—		19,742
Certificates of deposit		2,854		21		(10)		2,865
Equity securities		535		—		(210)		325
Other securities		9,145		68		(15)		9,198
Total	$	482,440	$	16,316	$	(1,941)	$	496,815
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity:
Federal agency obligations	$	4,178	$	79	$	—	$	4,257
Commercial mortgage-backed securities		5,501		154		(5)		5,650
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		48,385		4,139		—		52,524
Total	$	58,064	$	4,372	$	(5)	$	62,431
Total investment securities	$	540,504	$	20,688	$	(1,946)	$	559,246

The available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value with unrealized gains or losses included in equity, net of taxes. Accordingly, the carrying value of such securities reflects their fair value at the balance sheet date. Fair value is based upon either quoted market prices, or in certain cases where there is limited activity in the market for a particular instrument, assumptions are made to determine their fair value. See Note 19 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion.

During 2013, the Corporation transferred from its available-for-sale category to its held-to-maturity category $138.3 million of securities. Transfers of securities from the available-for-sale category to the held-to-maturity category are made at fair value at the date of transfer. The unrealized holding gain or loss at the date of transfer remains in accumulated other comprehensive income and in the carrying value of the held-to-maturity investment security. Premiums or discounts on investment securities are amortized or accreted using the effective interest method over the life of the security as an adjustment of yield. Unrealized holding gains or losses that remain in accumulated other comprehensive income are amortized or accreted over the remaining life of the security as an adjustment of yield, offsetting the related amortization of the premium or accretion of the discount.

The following table presents information for investments in securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at December 31, 2013, based on scheduled maturities. Actual maturities can be expected to differ from scheduled maturities due to prepayment or early call options of the issuer.

	December 31, 2013
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale:
Due in one year or less	$	9,738	$	9,780
Due after one year through five years		63,206		64,802
Due after five years through ten years		123,765		126,024
Due after ten years		60,934		60,588
Residential mortgage pass-through securities		48,312		48,874
Commercial mortgage pass-through securities		7,145		6,991
Equity securities		376		287
Other securities		5,671		5,724
Total	$	319,147	$	323,070
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity:
Due in one year or less	$	2,061	$	2,065
Due after one year through five years		12,547		12,699
Due after five years through ten years		65,692		64,027
Due after ten years		128,323		125,589
Residential mortgage-backed securities		2,246		2,182
Commercial mortgage-backed securities		4,417		4,396
Total	$	215,286	$	210,958
Total investment securities	$	534,433	$	534,028

Gross gains and losses from the sales of investment securities for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 were as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in Thousands)	2013		2012		2011
Gross gains on sales of investment securities	$	2,451	$	2,905	$	4,045
Gross losses on sales of investment securities		88		23		69
Net gains on sales of investment securities	$	2,363	$	2,882	$	3,976

Other-than-Temporarily Impaired Investments

Summary of Other-than-Temporary Impairment Charges

	Years Ended December 31,
	2013		2012		2011
	(Dollars in Thousands)
One variable rate private label CMO	$	—	$	484	$	18
Pooled trust preferred securities		628		68		—
Principal losses on a variable rate CMO		24		318		324
Total other-than-temporary impairment charges	$	652	$	870	$	342

The Corporation performs regular analysis on the available-for-sale securities portfolio to determine whether a decline in fair value indicates that an investment is other-than-temporarily impaired in accordance with FASB ASC 320-10. FASB ASC 320-10 requires companies to record other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) charges, through earnings, if they have the intent to sell, or more likely than not be required to sell, an impaired debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If the Corporation intends to sell or it is more likely than not it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, less any current period credit loss, the OTTI is recognized in earnings equal to the entire difference between the investment’s amortized cost basis and its estimated fair value at the balance sheet date. If the Corporation does not intend to sell the security and it is more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis less any current period loss, and as such, it determines that a decline in fair value is other than temporary, the OTTI is separated into the amount representing the credit loss and the amount related to all other factors. The amount of the OTTI related to the credit loss is determined based on the present value of cash flows expected to be collected and is recognized in earnings. The amount of the total OTTI related to other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. The previous amortized cost basis less the OTTI recognized in earnings becomes the new amortized cost basis of the investment.

The Corporation reviews all securities for potential recognition of other-than-temporary impairment. The Corporation maintains a watch list for the identification and monitoring of securities experiencing problems that require a heightened level of review. This could include credit rating downgrades.

The Corporation’s assessment of whether an investment in the portfolio of assets is other than temporary includes factors such as whether the issuer has defaulted on scheduled payments, announced restructuring and/or filed for bankruptcy, has disclosed severe liquidity problems that cannot be resolved, disclosed deteriorating financial condition or sustained significant losses.

The following table presents detailed information for each trust preferred security held by the Corporation at December 31, 2013, of which all but one has at least one rating below investment grade.

Deal Name	Single Issuer or Pooled	Class/ Tranche		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Gain (Loss)		Lowest Credit Rating Assigned	Number of Banks Currently Performing	Deferrals and Defaults as % of Original Collateral	Expected Deferral/Defaults as % of Remaining Performing Collateral
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Countrywide Capital IV	Single		—	$	1,771	$	1,772	$	1	BB+	1	None	None
Countrywide Capital V	Single		—		2,747		2,784		37	BB+	1	None	None
Countrywide Capital V	Single		—		250		253		3	BB+	1	None	None
Citigroup Cap IX	Single		—		992		999		7	BB+	1	None	None
Citigroup Cap IX	Single		—		1,906		1,927		21	BB+	1	None	None
Citigroup Cap XI	Single		—		246		248		2	BB+	1	None	None
Nationsbank Cap Trust III	Single		—		1,574		1,275		(299)	BB+	1	None	None
Morgan Stanley Cap Trust IV	Single		—		2,500		2,372		(128)	BB+	1	None	None
Morgan Stanley Cap Trust IV	Single		—		1,742		1,659		(83)	BB+	1	None	None
Saturns — GS 2004-04	Single		—		536		536		—	BB+	1	None	None
Goldman Sachs	Single		—		999		1,011		12	BB+	1	None	None
Stifel Financial	Single		—		4,500		4,567		67	BBB-	1	None	None
Total				$	19,763	$	19,403	$	(360)

The Corporation owned one pooled trust preferred security (“Pooled TRUP”), which consists of securities issued by financial institutions and insurance companies and the Corporation held the mezzanine tranche of such securities. Senior tranches generally are protected from defaults by over-collateralization and cash flow default protection provided by subordinated tranches, with senior tranches having the greatest protection and mezzanine tranches subordinated to the senior tranches. The Corporation’s analysis of this Pooled TRUP falls within the scope of EITF 99-20, ASC 320-40 and uses a discounted cash flow model to determine the total OTTI loss. The model considers the structure and term and the financial condition of the underlying issuers. Specifically, the model details interest rates, principal balances of note classes and underlying issuers and the allocation of the payments to the note classes according to a priority of payments specified in the offering circular and indenture. The current estimate of expected cash flows is based on the most recent trustee reports and other relevant market information including announcements of interest payment deferrals or defaults of underlying trust preferred securities. Assumptions used in the model include default rates, default rate timing profile and recovery rates. The Corporation assumes no prepayments as the Pooled TRUP was issued at comparatively tight spreads and as such, there is little incentive, if any, to prepay.

During 2013, the Pooled TRUP, ALESCO VII, incurred its eighteenth interruption of cash flow payments to date. Management determined that an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $628,000 existed on this security for the twelve months ended December 31, 2013, and subsequently sold at its book value in January 2014.

Credit Loss Portion of OTTI Recognized in Earning on Debt Securities

	Years Ended December 31,
	2013		2012		2011
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance of credit-related OTTI at January 1,	$	4,450	$	6,539	$	6,197
Addition:
Credit losses for which other-than-temporary impairment was not previously recognized		652		870		342
Reduction:
Credit losses for securities sold during the period		(5,102)		(2,959)		—
Balance of credit-related OTTI at December 31,	$	—	$	4,450	$	6,539

The Corporation held one variable rate private label collateralized mortgage obligation (CMO), which was also evaluated for impairment. The Variable Rate Collateralized Mortgage Obligation was originally issued in 2006 and is 30 year Adjustable Rate Mortgage loan secured by a first lien, fully amortizing one-to-four residential mortgage loans. The tranche purchased was a Super Senior with an original credit rating of AAA/AAA. The top five states geographic concentration comprised in the deal were California 18.2 percent, Arizona 10.5 percent, Virginia 6.1 percent, Florida 6.5 percent and Nevada 6.3 percent. No one state exceeded a 25 percent concentration. These states have been heavily impacted by the financial crises and as such have sustained heavy delinquencies affecting the credit rating of the security. Management had applied aggressive default rates to identify if any credit impairment exists, as these bonds were downgraded to below investment grade. The Corporation recorded $24,000 in principal losses on the bond in 2013, and this security was sold at this book value in January 2013.

Temporarily Impaired Investments

For all other securities, the Corporation does not believe that the unrealized losses, which were comprised of 170 and 49 investment securities as of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, represent an other-than-temporary impairment. The gross unrealized losses associated with mortgage-backed securities, corporate bonds, asset-backed securities and tax-exempt securities are not considered to be other than temporary because their unrealized losses are related to changes in interest rates and do not affect the expected cash flows of the underlying collateral or issuer.

Factors affecting the market price include credit risk, market risk, interest rates, economic cycles, and liquidity risk. The magnitude of any unrealized loss may be affected by the relative concentration of the Corporation’s investment in any one issuer or industry. The Corporation has established policies to reduce exposure through diversification of concentration of the investment portfolio including limits on concentrations to any one issuer. The Corporation believes the investment portfolio is prudently diversified.

The decline in value is related to a change in interest rates and subsequent change in credit spreads required for these issues affecting market price. All issues are performing and are expected to continue to perform in accordance with their respective contractual terms and conditions. Short to intermediate average durations and in certain cases monthly principal payments should reduce further market value exposure to increases in rates.

The Corporation evaluates all securities with unrealized losses quarterly to determine whether the loss is other than temporary. Unrealized losses in the mortgage-backed securities category consist primarily of U.S. agency and private issue collateralized mortgage obligations. Unrealized losses in the corporate debt securities category consist of single name corporate trust preferred securities, a pooled trust preferred security and corporate debt securities issued by large financial institutions. The decline in fair value is due in large part to the lack of an active trading market for these securities, changes in market credit spreads and rating agency downgrades. For collateralized mortgage obligations, management reviewed expected cash flows and credit support to determine if it was probable that all principal and interest would be repaid. None of the corporate issuers have defaulted on interest payments. Management concluded that these securities were not other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2013. Future deterioration in the cash flow on collateralized mortgage obligations or the credit quality of these large financial institution issuers of corporate debt securities could result in impairment charges in the future. Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions are comprised of intermediate to long-term municipal bonds. A review of the coupon rates and maturity dates validates the unrealized losses due to the changes in interest rates. These bonds were purchased at lower ends of the interest rate cycle and were a part of the Corporation’s overall strategy to use tax-free instruments and to barbell the maturity distribution of bonds. The bonds are conservative in nature and the value decline is related to the changes in interest rates that occurred since the time of purchase and subsequent changes in spreads affecting the market prices. All of the issues carry an A or better underlying credit support and were evaluated on the basis on their underlying fundamentals; included but not limited to annual financial reports, geographic location, population and debt ratios. In certain cases options for calls reduce the effective duration and in turn the future market value fluctuations. All issues are performing and are expected to continue to perform in accordance with their respective contractual terms and conditions. There have not been disruptions of any payments, associated with any of these municipal securities.

In determining that the securities giving rise to the previously mentioned unrealized losses were not other than temporary, the Corporation evaluated the factors cited above, which the Corporation considers when assessing whether a security is other-than-temporarily impaired. In making these evaluations the Corporation must exercise considerable judgment. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the actual results will not differ from the Corporation’s judgments and that such differences may not require the future recognition of other-than-temporary impairment charges that could have a material affect on the Corporation’s financial position and results of operations. In addition, the value of, and the realization of any loss on, an investment security is subject to numerous risks as cited above.

The following tables indicate gross unrealized losses not recognized in income and fair value, aggregated by investment category and the length of time individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2013 and 2012:

	December 31, 2013
	Total				Less than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale:
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	$	13,519	$	(825)	$	13,519	$	(825)	$	—	$	—
Federal agency obligation		17,200		(655)		17,200		(655)		—		—
Residential mortgage pass-through securities		18,293		(229)		18,293		(229)		—		—
Commercial mortgage pass-through securities		2,924		(157)		2,924		(157)		—		—
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		4,199		(55)		4,199		(55)		—		—
Trust preferred securities		5,306		(510)		4,031		(211)		1,275		(299)
Corporate bonds and notes		32,498		(482)		30,533		(448)		1,965		(34)
Certificates of deposit		552		(20)		552		(20)		—		—
Equity securities		287		(89)		—		—		287		(89)
Other securities		985		(15)		—		—		985		(15)
Total		95,763		(3,037)		91,251		(2,600)		4,512		(437)
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity:
U.S. Treasury and agency securities		27,037		(1,019)		27,037		(1,019)		—		—
Federal agency obligation		13,492		(389)		13,197		(388)		295		(1)
Residential mortgage pass-through securities		2,182		(64)		2,182		(64)		—		—
Commercial mortgage-backed securities		1,395		(62)		1,395		(62)		—		—
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		66,034		(3,688)		57,072		(2,957)		8,962		(731)
Corporate bonds and notes		27,210		(622)		27,210		(622)		—		—
Total		137,350		(5,844)		128,093		(5,112)		9,257		(732)
Total Temporarily Impaired Securities	$	233,113	$	(8,881)	$	219,344	$	(7,712)	$	13,769	$	(1,169)

	December 31, 2012
	Total				Less than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale:
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	$	4,460	$	(23)	$	4,460	$	(23)	$	—	$	—
Federal agency obligation		877		(5)		877		(5)		—		—
Residential mortgage pass-through securities		1,669		(1)		1,669		(1)		—		—
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		18,360		(132)		18,360		(132)		—		—
Trust preferred securities		11,740		(1,174)		10,494		(18)		1,246		(1,156)
Corporate bonds and notes		26,440		(371)		18,244		(134)		8,196		(237)
Certificates of deposit		388		(10)		388		(10)		—		—
Equity securities		325		(210)		—		—		325		(210)
Other securities		985		(15)		—		—		985		(15)
Total		65,244		(1,941)		54,492		(323)		10,752		(1,618)
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities		932		(5)		932		(5)		—		—
Total		932		(5)		932		(5)		—		—
Total Temporarily Impaired Securities	$	66,176	$	(1,946)	$	55,424	$	(328)	$	10,752	$	(1,618)

Investment securities having a carrying value of approximately $109.3 million and $96.1 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits, short-term borrowings, and FHLB advances and for other purposes required or permitted by law.