Note 7. Investment Securities

The Corporation's investment securities are classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011. Investment securities available-for-sale are reported at fair value with unrealized gains or losses included in equity, net of tax. Accordingly, the carrying value of such securities reflects their fair value at the balance sheet date. Fair value is based upon either quoted market prices, or in certain cases where there is limited activity in the market for a particular instrument, assumptions are made to determine their fair value. See Note 8 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion.

Transfers of debt securities from the available-for-sale category to the held-to-maturity category are made at fair value at the date of transfer. The unrealized holding gain or loss at the date of transfer remains in accumulated other comprehensive income and in the carrying value of the held-to-maturity investment security. Premiums or discounts on investment securities are amortized or accreted using the effective interest method over the life of the security as an adjustment of yield. Unrealized holding gains or losses that remain in accumulated other comprehensive income are amortized or accreted over the remaining life of the security as an adjustment of yield, offsetting the related amortization of the premium or accretion of the discount.

The following tables present information related to the Corporation's investment securities at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011.


	March 31, 2012
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale:
U.S. treasury notes	$	5,851	$	34	$	—		$	5,885
Federal agency obligations		25,069		168		(138	)		25,099
Residential mortgage-backed securities		94,763		1,777		(4	)		96,536
Commercial mortgage-backed securities		4,087		—		(200	)		3,887
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		71,127		2,880		(269	)		73,738
Trust preferred securities		20,603		43		(2,115	)		18,531
Corporate bonds and notes		203,466		2,191		(2,358	)		203,299
Asset-backed securities		19,392		110		(7	)		19,495
Collateralized mortgage obligations		3,110		—		(1,287	)		1,823
Equity securities		6,929		16		(244	)		6,701
Total	$	454,397	$	7,219	$	(6,622	)	$	454,994
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity:
Federal agency obligations	$	4,190	$	—	$	(10	)	$	4,180
Residential mortgage-backed securities		22,376		168		(52	)		22,492
Commercial mortgage-backed securities		4,742		—		(108	)		4,634
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		38,302		2,795		—			41,097
Total	$	69,610	$	2,963	$	(170	)	$	72,403
Total investment securities	$	524,007	$	10,182	$	(6,792	)	$	527,397


	December 31, 2011
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale:
Federal agency obligations	$	24,781	$	188	$	—		$	24,969
Residential mortgage-backed securities		113,213		2,157		(6	)		115,364
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		66,309		2,900		(36	)		69,173
Trust preferred securities		20,567		14		(4,394	)		16,187
Corporate bonds and notes		175,812		1,382		(4,077	)		173,117
Collateralized mortgage obligations		3,226		—		(1,327	)		1,899
Asset-backed securities		7,614		52		(13	)		7,653
Equity securities		6,417		21		(293	)		6,145
Total	$	417,939	$	6,714	$	(10,146	)	$	414,507
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity:
Federal agency obligations	$	28,262	$	177	$	(34	)	$	28,405
Commercial mortgage-backed securities		6,276		—		(69	)		6,207
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		37,695		2,615		—			40,310
Total	$	72,233	$	2,792	$	(103	)	$	74,922
Total investment securities	$	490,172	$	9,506	$	(10,249	)	$	489,429

The following table presents information for investment securities available-for-sale at March 31, 2012, based on scheduled maturities. Actual maturities can be expected to differ from scheduled maturities due to prepayment or early call options of the issuer.


	March 31, 2012
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale:
Due in one year or less	$	7,171	$	7,174
Due after one year through five years		89,839		90,470
Due after five years through ten years		127,746		127,655
Due after ten years		123,862		122,571
Residential mortgage-backed securities		98,850		100,423
Equity securities		6,929		6,701
Total	$	454,397	$	454,994
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity:
Due after five years through ten years	$	8,626	$	8,620
Due after ten years		60,984		63,783
Total	$	69,610	$	72,403
Total investment securities	$	524,007	$	527,397

For the three months ended March 31, 2012, proceeds of available for sale investment securities sold amounted to approximately $41.5 million. Gross realized gains on investment securities sold amounted to approximately $995,000, while gross realized losses amounted to approximately $58,000, which were impairment charges, for the period. For the three months ended March 31, 2011, proceeds of investment securities sold amounted to approximately $76.6 million. Gross realized gains on investment securities sold amounted to approximately $930,000, while gross realized losses, which included impairment charges of $95,000, amounted to approximately $164,000 for the period.

For the three months ended March 31, 2012, the Corporation recorded principal losses of $58,000 on a variable rate private label collateralized mortgage obligation ("CMO"). For the three months ended March 31, 2011, the Corporation recorded OTTI charges of $9,000 and principal losses of $86,000 on one variable rate private label CMO.

The following summarizes OTTI charges for the periods indicated.


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2012		2011
	(in thousands)
One variable rate private label CMO	$	—	$	9
Principal losses on a variable rate CMO		58		86
Total other-than-temporary impairment charges	$	58	$	95

The Corporation performs regular analysis on all its investment securities to determine whether a decline in fair value indicates that an investment is other-than-temporarily impaired in accordance with FASB ASC 320-10. FASB ASC 320-10 requires companies to record OTTI charges, through earnings, if they have the intent to sell, or if it is more likely than not that they will be required to sell, an impaired debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If the Corporation intends to sell or it is more likely than not it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, less any current period credit loss, the OTTI is recognized in earnings equal to the entire difference between the investment's amortized cost basis and its estimated fair value at the balance sheet date. If the Corporation does not intend to sell the security and it is more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis less any current period loss, and as such, it determines that a decline in fair value is other than temporary, the OTTI is separated into the amount representing the credit loss and the amount related to all other factors. The amount of the OTTI related to the credit loss is determined based on the present value of cash flows expected to be collected and is recognized in earnings. The amount of the total OTTI related to other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. The previous amortized cost basis less the OTTI recognized in earnings becomes the new amortized cost basis of the investment.

The Corporation's assessment of whether an impairment is other than temporary includes factors such as whether the issuer has defaulted on scheduled payments, announced a restructuring and/or filed for bankruptcy, has disclosed severe liquidity problems that cannot be resolved, disclosed a deteriorating financial condition or sustained significant losses. The Corporation maintains a watch list for the identification and monitoring of securities experiencing problems that require a heightened level of review. This could result from credit rating downgrades.

The following table presents detailed information for each trust preferred security held by the Corporation at March 31, 2012 which has at least one rating below investment grade.


Deal Name	Single Issuer or Pooled		Class/ Tranche		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Gain (Loss)			Lowest Credit Rating Assigned		Number of Banks Currently Performing		Deferrals and Defaults as % of Original Collateral			Expected Deferral/ Defaults as % of Remaining Performing Collateral
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Countrywide Capital IV		Single		—	$	1,770	$	1,674	$	(96	)		BB+		1		None			None
Countrywide Capital V		Single		—		2,747		2,630		(117	)		BB+		1		None			None
Countrywide Capital V		Single		—		250		239		(11	)		BB+		1		None			None
NPB Capital Trust II		Single		—		868		912		44			NR		1		None			None
Citigroup Cap IX		Single		—		991		958		(33	)		BB		1		None			None
Citigroup Cap IX		Single		—		1,904		1,849		(55	)		BB		1		None			None
Citigroup Cap XI		Single		—		246		237		(9	)		BB		1		None			None
BAC Capital Trust X		Single		—		2,500		2,387		(113	)		BB+		1		None			None
Nationsbank Cap Trust III		Single		—		1,571		1,127		(444	)		BB+		1		None			None
Morgan Stanley Cap Trust IV		Single		—		2,500		2,428		(72	)		BB+		1		None			None
Morgan Stanley Cap Trust IV		Single		—		1,741		1,698		(43	)		BB+		1		None			None
Saturns – GS 2004-06		Single		—		242		238		(4	)		BB+		1		None			None
Saturns – GS 2004-06		Single		—		312		307		(5	)		BB+		1		None			None
Saturns – GS 2004-04		Single		—		780		739		(41	)		BB+		1		None			None
Saturns – GS 2004-04		Single		—		22		21		(1	)		BB+		1		None			None
Goldman Sachs		Single		—		1,000		947		(53	)		BB+		1		None			None
ALESCO Preferred Funding VI		Pooled		C2		308		50		(258	)		Ca		36 of 56		36.1	%		53.5	%
ALESCO Preferred Funding VII		Pooled		C1		851		90		(761	)		Ca		50 of 62		33.5	%		49.9	%
Total					$	20,603	$	18,531	$	(2,072	)

(1)

Includes banks and insurance companies.

The Corporation owns two pooled trust preferred securities ("Pooled TRUPS"), which consist of securities issued by financial institutions and insurances companies. The Corporation holds the mezzanine tranche of such securities. Senior tranches generally are protected from defaults by over-collateralization and cash flow default protection provided by subordinated tranches, with senior tranches having the greatest protection and mezzanine tranches subordinated to the senior tranches. The Corporation's analysis of these Pooled TRUPS falls within the scope of EITF 99-20, ASC 320-40 and uses a discounted cash flow model to determine the total OTTI loss. The model considers the structure, and term and the financial condition of the underlying issuers. Specifically, the model details interest rates, principal balances of note classes and underlying issuers and the allocation of the payments to the note classes according to a priority of payments specified in the offering circular and indenture. The current estimate of expected cash flows is based on the most recent trustee reports and other relevant market information including announcements of interest payment deferrals or defaults of underlying trust preferred securities. Assumptions used in the model include defaults rates, default rate timing profile and recovery rates. We assume no prepayments, as these Pooled TRUPS were issued at comparatively tight spreads and as such, there is little incentive, if any, to prepay.

One of the Pooled TRUPS, ALESCO VI, has incurred its thirteenth interruption of cash flow payments to date. Management reviewed the expected cash flow analysis and credit support to determine if it was probable that all principal and interest would be repaid, and recorded no other-than-temporary impairment charge for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2011. The other Pooled TRUP, ALESCO VII, incurred its eleventh interruption of cash flow payments to date. Management reviewed the expected cash flow analysis and credit support to determine if it was probable that all principal and interest would be repaid, and recorded no other-than-temporary impairment charge for the three months ended March 31, 2012, and March 31, 2011.

Credit Loss Portion of OTTI Recognized in Earnings on Debt Securities


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2012		Year Ended December 31, 2011
	(in thousands)
Balance of credit-related OTTI at January 1,	$	6,539	$	6,197
Addition:
Credit losses on investment securities for which other-than-temporary impairment was not previously recognized		58		342
Reduction:
Credit losses on investment securities sold during the period		—		—
Balance of credit-related OTTI at period end	$	6,597	$	6,539

The Corporation owns one variable rate private label CMO, which was also evaluated for impairment. This CMO was originally issued in 2006 and collateralized by 30 year Adjustable Rate Mortgage loans secured by a first lien, fully amortizing one-to-four residential mortgage loans. The tranche purchased was a Super Senior with an original credit rating of AAA/AAA. The top five states geographic concentration comprised in the deal were California 18.2 percent, Arizona 10.5 percent, Virginia 6.1 percent, Florida 6.5 percent and Nevada 6.3 percent. No one state exceeded a 25 percent concentration. These states have been heavily impacted by the financial crises and as such have sustained heavy delinquencies affecting the credit rating of the security. Management had applied aggressive default rates to identify if any credit impairment exists, as these bonds were downgraded to below investment grade. The Corporation recorded $58,000 in principal losses on this bond for the three months ended March 31, 2012, and $86,000 in principal losses for the three months ended March 31, 2011, and expects additional losses in future periods. As such, management determined that no an other-than-temporary impairment charge exists for this period.

At March 31, 2012, excess subordination as a percentage of remaining performing collateral for the ALESCO Preferred Funding VI and VII investments were -47.8 percent and -43.0 percent, respectively. Excess subordination is the amount of performing collateral above the amount of outstanding collateral underlying each class of the security. The excess subordination as a percent of remaining performing collateral reflects the difference between the performing collateral and the collateral underlying each security divided by the performing collateral. A negative number results when the paying collateral is less than the collateral underlying each class of the security. A low or negative number decreases the likelihood of full repayment of principal and interest accordingly to original contractual terms.

The Corporation did not record other-than-temporary impairment charges relating to equity holdings in bank stocks for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2011.

Temporarily Impaired Investments

For all other securities, the Corporation does not believe that the unrealized losses, which were comprised of 87 investment securities as of March 31, 2012, represent an other-than-temporary impairment. The gross unrealized losses associated with federal agency obligations, mortgage-backed securities, corporate bonds and tax-exempt securities are not considered to be other than temporary because their unrealized losses are related to changes in interest rates and do not affect the expected cash flows of the underlying collateral or issuer.

Factors affecting the market price include credit risk, market risk, interest rates, economic cycles, and liquidity risk. The magnitude of any unrealized loss may be affected by the relative concentration of the Corporation's investment in any one issuer or industry. The Corporation has established policies to reduce exposure through diversification of concentration of the investment portfolio including limits on concentrations to any one issuer. The Corporation believes the investment portfolio is prudently diversified.

The decline in value is related to a change in interest rates and subsequent change in credit spreads required for these issues affecting market price. All issues are performing and are expected to continue to perform in accordance with their respective contractual terms and conditions. Short to intermediate average durations and in certain cases monthly principal payments should reduce further market value exposure to increases in rates.

The Corporation evaluates all securities with unrealized losses quarterly to determine whether the loss is other than temporary. Unrealized losses in the collateralized mortgage obligations category consist primarily private issue collateralized mortgage obligations. Unrealized losses in the corporate debt securities category consist of single issuer corporate trust preferred securities, pooled trust preferred securities and corporate debt securities issued by large financial institutions, insurance companies and other corporate issuers. The unrealized loss in equity securities consist primarily of other bank equities. The decline in fair value is due in large part to the lack of an active trading market for these securities, changes in market credit spreads and rating agency downgrades. For collateralized mortgage obligations, management reviewed expected cash flows and credit support to determine if it was probable that all principal and interest would be repaid. None of the corporate issuers have defaulted on interest payments. Management concluded that these securities, other than the previously mentioned two Pooled TRUPS and one private label CMO were not other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2012. Future deterioration in the cash flow on collateralized mortgage obligations or the credit quality of these large financial institution issuers of TRUP debt securities could result in impairment charges in the future.

In determining that the securities giving rise to the previously mentioned unrealized losses were not other than temporary, the Corporation evaluated the factors cited above, which the Corporation considers when assessing whether a security is other-than-temporarily impaired. In making these evaluations the Corporation must exercise considerable judgment. Accordingly there can be no assurance that the actual results will not differ from the Corporation's judgments and that such differences may not require the future recognition of other-than-temporary impairment charges that could have a material effect on the Corporation's financial position and results of operations. In addition, the value of, and the realization of any loss on, an investment security is subject to numerous risks as cited above.

The following tables indicate gross unrealized losses not recognized in income and fair value, aggregated by investment category and the length of time individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011:


	March 31, 2012
	Total					Less than 12 Months					12 Months or Longer
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(in thousands)
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale:
Federal agency obligations	$	5,943	$	(138	)	$	5,943	$	(138	)	$	—	$	—
Residential mortgage-backed securities		3,089		(4	)		3,089		(4	)		—		—
Commercial mortgage-backed securities		3,887		(200	)		3,887		(200	)		—		—
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		6,685		(269	)		6,685		(269	)		—		—
Trust preferred securities		17,619		(2,115	)		5,088		(233	)		12,531		(1,882	)
Corporate bonds and notes		100,492		(2,358	)		89,716		(1,735	)		10,776		(623	)
Collateralized mortgage obligations		1,823		(1,287	)		—		—			1,823		(1,287	)
Asset-backed securities		1,538		(7	)		1,538		(7	)		—		—
Equity securities		1,292		(244	)		—		—			1,292		(244	)
Total		142,368		(6,622	)		115,946		(2,586	)		26,422		(4,036	)
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity:
Federal agency obligations		4,180		(10	)		4,180		(10	)		—		—
Residential mortgage-backed securities		10,813		(52	)		10,813		(52	)		—		—
Commercial mortgage-backed securities		4,634		(108	)		4,634		(108	)		—		—
Total		19,627		(170	)		19,627		(170	)		—		—
Total Temporarily Impaired Securities	$	161,995	$	(6,792	)	$	135,573	$	(2,756	)	$	26,422	$	(4,036	)


	December 31, 2011
	Total					Less than 12 Months					12 Months or Longer
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(in thousands)
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities	$	2,013	$	(6	)	$	2,013	$	(6	)	$	—	$	—
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		4,352		(36	)		4,352		(36	)		—		—
Trust preferred securities		15,272		(4,394	)		4,325		(996	)		10,947		(3,398	)
Corporate bonds and notes		97,043		(4,077	)		89,534		(3,663	)		7,509		(414	)
Collateralized mortgage obligations		1,899		(1,327	)		—		—			1,899		(1,327	)
Asset-backed securities		3,884		(13	)		3,884		(13	)		—		—
Equity securities		1,242		(293	)		—		—			1,242		(293	)
Total		125,705		(10,146	)		104,108		(4,714	)		21,597		(5,432	)
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity:
Federal agency obligations		11,980		(34	)		11,980		(34	)		—		—
Collateralized mortgage obligations		6,207		(69	)		6,207		(69	)		—		—
Total		18,187		(103	)		18,187		(103	)		—		—
Total Temporarily Impaired Securities	$	143,892	$	(10,249	)	$	122,295	$	(4,817	)	$	21,597	$	(5,432	)

Investment securities having a carrying value of approximately $122.7 million and $98.7 million at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits, securities sold under agreement to repurchase, and Federal Home Loan Bank advances and for other purposes required or permitted by law.