Note 4 — Investment Securities

The following tables present information related to the Corporation's portfolio of securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at December 31, 2011 and available-for-sale at December 31, 2010.


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
	December 31, 2011
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale:
Federal agency obligations	$	24,781	$	188	$	—		$	24,969
Residential mortgage pass-through securities		113,213		2,157		(6	)		115,364
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		66,309		2,900		(36	)		69,173
Trust preferred securities		20,567		14		(4,394	)		16,187
Corporate bonds and notes		175,812		1,382		(4,077	)		173,117
Collateralized mortgage obligations		3,226		—		(1,327	)		1,899
Asset-backed securities		7,614		52		(13	)		7,653
Equity securities		6,417		21		(293	)		6,145
Total	$	417,939	$	6,714	$	(10,146	)	$	414,507
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity:
Federal agency obligations	$	28,262	$	177	$	(34	)	$	28,405
Commercial mortgage-backed securities		6,276		—		(69	)		6,207
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		37,695		2,615		—			40,310
Total	$	72,233	$	2,792	$	(103	)	$	74,922
Total investment securities	$	490,172	$	9,506	$	(10,249	)	$	489,429


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
	December 31, 2010
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale:
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	$	7,123	$	—	$	(128	)	$	6,995
Federal agency obligations		68,051		1,071		(641	)		68,481
Residential mortgage pass-through securities		180,037		115		(2,419	)		177,733
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		38,312		1		(1,088	)		37,225
Trust preferred securities		21,222		26		(2,517	)		18,731
Corporate bonds and notes		63,047		—		(1,613	)		61,434
Collateralized mortgage obligations		3,941		—		(1,213	)		2,728
Equity securities		5,135		—		(382	)		4,753
Total investment securities	$	386,868	$	1,213	$	(10,001	)	$	378,080

The Corporation's investment securities are classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at December 31, 2011 and available-for-sale at December 31, 2010. The available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value with unrealized gains or losses included in equity, net of taxes. Accordingly, the carrying value of such securities reflects their fair value at the balance sheet date. Fair value is based upon either quoted market prices, or in certain cases where there is limited activity in the market for a particular instrument, assumptions are made to determine their fair value. See Note 18 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion.

Transfers of debt securities from the available-for-sale category to the held-to-maturity category are made at fair value at the date of transfer. The unrealized holding gain or loss at the date of transfer remains in accumulated other comprehensive income and in the carrying value of the held-to-maturity investment security. Premiums or discounts on investment securities are amortized or accreted using the effective interest method over the life of the security as an adjustment of yield. Unrealized holding gains or losses that remain in accumulated other comprehensive income are amortized or accreted over the remaining life of the security as an adjustment of yield, offsetting the related amortization of the premium or accretion of the discount.

The following table presents information for investments in securities available-for-sale at December 31, 2011, based on scheduled maturities. Actual maturities can be expected to differ from scheduled maturities due to prepayment or early call options of the issuer.


	December 31, 2011
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale:
Due in one year or less	$	4,143	$	4,118
Due after one year through five years		81,798		81,138
Due after five years through ten years		108,395		107,155
Due after ten years		103,973		100,587
Residential mortgage pass-through securities		113,213		115,364
Equity securities		6,417		6,145
Total		417,939		414,507
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity:
Due after five years through ten years	$	4,459	$	4,506
Due after ten years		67,774		70,416
Total	$	72,233	$	74,922
Total investment securities	$	490,172	$	489,429

During 2011, securities sold from the Corporation's available-for-sale portfolio generated proceeds of approximately $254.8 million. The gross realized gains on securities sold amounted to approximately $4,045,000, while the gross realized losses, which included impairment charges of $342,000, amounted to approximately $411,000 in 2011. During 2010, securities sold from the Corporation's available-for-sale portfolio generated proceeds of approximately $644.1 million. The gross realized gains on securities sold amounted to approximately $4,872,000, while the gross realized losses amounted to approximately $635,000 in 2010. During 2009, securities sold from the Corporation's available-for-sale portfolio generated proceeds of approximately $665.8 million. The gross realized gains on securities sold amounted to approximately $5,897,000, while the gross realized losses amounted to approximately $1,168,000 in 2009.

Other-than-Temporarily Impaired Investments

Summary of Other-than-Temporary Impairment Charges


	Years Ended December 31,
	2011		2010		2009
	(Dollars in Thousands)
One variable rate private label CMO	$	18	$	360	$	188
One trust preferred security		—		3,000		—
Two pooled trust preferred securities		—		1,818		3,433
Principal losses on a variable rate CMO		324		398		—
One corporate bond		—		—		140
One equity security		—		—		113
Reserve primary fund		—		—		364
Total other-than-temporary impairment charges	$	342	$	5,576	$	4,238

The Corporation performs regular analysis on the available-for-sale securities portfolio to determine whether a decline in fair value indicates that an investment is other-than-temporarily impaired in accordance with FASB ASC 320-10. FASB ASC 320-10 requires companies to record other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI") charges, through earnings, if they have the intent to sell, or more likely than not be required to sell, an impaired debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If the Corporation intends to sell or it is more likely than not it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, less any current period credit loss, the OTTI is recognized in earnings equal to the entire difference between the investment's amortized cost basis and its estimated fair value at the balance sheet date. If the Corporation does not intend to sell the security and it is more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis less any current period loss, and as such, it determines that a decline in fair value is other than temporary, the OTTI is separated into the amount representing the credit loss and the amount related to all other factors. The amount of the OTTI related to the credit loss is determined based on the present value of cash flows expected to be collected and is recognized in earnings. The amount of the total OTTI related to other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. The previous amortized cost basis less the OTTI recognized in earnings becomes the new amortized cost basis of the investment.

The Corporation reviews all securities for potential recognition of other-than-temporary impairment. The Corporation maintains a watch list for the identification and monitoring of securities experiencing problems that require a heightened level of review. This could include credit rating downgrades.

The Corporation's assessment of whether an investment in the portfolio of assets is other than temporary includes factors such as whether the issuer has defaulted on scheduled payments, announced restructuring and/or filed for bankruptcy, has disclosed severe liquidity problems that cannot be resolved, disclosed deteriorating financial condition or sustained significant losses.

The following table presents detailed information for each trust preferred security held by the Corporation at December 31, 2011, of which all but one has at least one rating below investment grade.


Deal Name	Single Issuer or Pooled		Class/ Tranche		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Gain (Loss)			Lowest Credit Rating Assigned		Number of Banks Currently Performing		Deferrals and Defaults as % of Original Collateral			Expected Deferral/Defaults as % of Remaining Performing Collateral
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Countrywide Capital IV		Single		—	$	1,770	$	1,403	$	(367	)		BB+		1		None			None
Countrywide Capital V		Single		—		2,747		2,230		(517	)		BB+		1		None			None
Countrywide Capital V		Single		—		250		203		(47	)		BB+		1		None			None
NPB Capital Trust II		Single		—		868		882		14			NR		1		None			None
Citigroup Cap IX		Single		—		991		857		(134	)		BB		1		None			None
Citigroup Cap IX		Single		—		1,903		1,652		(251	)		BB		1		None			None
Citigroup Cap XI		Single		—		246		214		(32	)		BB		1		None			None
BAC Capital Trust X		Single		—		2,500		1,862		(638	)		BB+		1		None			None
Nationsbank Cap Trust III		Single		—		1,571		1,094		(477	)		BB+		1		None			None
Morgan Stanley Cap Trust IV		Single		—		2,500		2,074		(426	)		BB+		1		None			None
Morgan Stanley Cap Trust IV		Single		—		1,741		1,451		(290	)		BB+		1		None			None
Saturns — GS 2004-06		Single		—		242		214		(28	)		BB+		1		None			None
Saturns — GS 2004-06		Single		—		312		275		(37	)		BB+		1		None			None
Saturns — GS 2004-04		Single		—		780		686		(94	)		BB+		1		None			None
Saturns — GS 2004-04		Single		—		22		19		(3	)		BB+		1		None			None
Goldman Sachs		Single		—		1,000		855		(145	)		BB+		1		None			None
ALESCO Preferred Funding VI		Pooled		C2		290		143		(147	)		Ca		37 of 56		32.9	%		40.9	%
ALESCO Preferred Funding VII		Pooled		C1		834		73		(761	)		Ca		49 of 62		34.3	%		40.4	%
Total					$	20,567	$	16,187	$	(4,380	)

The Corporation owns two pooled trust preferred securities ("Pooled TRUPS"), which consist of securities issued by financial institutions and insurances companies and the Corporation holds the mezzanine tranche of such securities. Senior tranches generally are protected from defaults by over-collateralization and cash flow default protection provided by subordinated tranches, with senior tranches having the greatest protection and mezzanine tranches subordinated to the senior tranches. Our analysis of these Pooled TRUPS falls within the scope of EITF 99-20, ASC 320-40 and uses a discounted cash flow model to determine the total OTTI loss. The model considers the structure and term and the financial condition of the underlying issuers. Specifically, the model details interest rates, principal balances of note classes and underlying issuers and the allocation of the payments to the note classes according to a priority of payments specified in the offering circular and indenture. The current estimate of expected cash flows is based on the most recent trustee reports and other relevant market information including announcements of interest payment deferrals or defaults of underlying trust preferred securities. Assumptions used in the model include default rates, default rate timing profile and recovery rates. We assume no prepayments as these Pooled TRUPS were issued at comparatively tight spreads and as such, there is little incentive, if any, to prepay.

One of the Pooled TRUPS, ALESCO VI, has incurred its eleventh interruption of cash flow payments to date. Management reviewed the expected cash flow analysis and credit support to determine if it was probable that all principal and interest would be repaid, and no other-than-temporary impairment charge was recorded for the twelve months ended December 31, 2011. The other Pooled TRUP, ALESCO VII, incurred its ninth interruption of cash flow payments to date. Management determined that no other-than-temporary impairment charge existed on this security for the twelve months ended December 31, 2011.

At December 31, 2011, excess subordination as a percentage of remaining performing collateral for the ALESCO Preferred Funding VI and VII investments were -40.4 percent and -45.0 percent, respectively. Excess subordination is the amount of performing collateral above the amount of outstanding collateral underlying each class of the security. The excess subordination as a percent of remaining performing collateral reflects the difference between the performing collateral and the collateral underlying each security divided by the performing collateral. A negative number results when the paying collateral is less than the collateral underlying each class of the security. A low or negative number decreases the likelihood of full repayment of principal and interest according to original contractual terms.

Credit Loss Portion of OTTI Recognized in Earning on Debt Securities


	Years Ended December 31,
	2011		2010			2009
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance of credit-related OTTI at January 1,	$	6,197	$	3,621		$	—
Addition:
Credit losses for which other-than-temporary impairment was not previously recognized		342		5,576			3,761
Reduction:
Credit losses for securities sold during the period		—		(3,000	)		(140	)
Balance of credit-related OTTI at December 31,	$	6,539	$	6,197		$	3,621

The Corporation owns three variable rate private label collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), which were also evaluated for impairment. The Variable Rate Collateralized Mortgage Obligations were originally issued in 2006 and are 30 year Adjustable Rate Mortgage loans secured by a first lien, fully amortizing one-to-four residential mortgage loans. The tranche purchased was a Super Senior with an original credit rating of AAA/AAA. The top five states geographic concentration comprised in the deal were California 18.2 percent, Arizona 10.5 percent, Virginia 6.1 percent, Florida 6.5 percent and Nevada 6.3 percent. No one state exceeded a 25 percent concentration. These states have been heavily impacted by the financial crises and as such have sustained heavy delinquencies affecting the credit rating of the security. Management had applied aggressive default rates to identify if any credit impairment exists, as these bonds were downgraded to below investment grade. The Corporation recorded $324,000 in principal losses on these bonds in 2011, and expects additional losses in future periods. As such, management determined that an other-than-temporary impairment charge exists and recorded a $18,000 write down to the bonds, which represents 0.5 percent of the par amount of $3.8 million. The new cost basis for these securities has been written down to $3.2 million.

The Corporation's investment portfolio also consists of overnight investments that were made into the Reserve Primary Fund (the "Fund"), a money market fund registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940. On September 22, 2008, the Fund announced that redemptions of shares of the Fund were suspended pursuant to an SEC order so that an orderly liquidation could be effected for the protection of the Fund's investors. Through December 31, 2009, the Corporation has received five distributions from the Fund, totaling approximately 92 percent of its outstanding balance, leaving a remaining outstanding balance in the Fund of $2.943 million. On January 29, 2010, as part of the court order liquidation of the Fund, the Corporation received a sixth distribution or $2.446 million, bringing total distributions to date to approximately 99 percent. During the fourth quarter of 2009, the Corporation recorded a $364,000, or approximately 1 percent, other-than-temporary impairment charge to earnings relating to this court order liquidation of the Fund. The Corporation's outstanding carrying balance in the Fund as of January 31, 2010 totaled $133,000. In 2010, the Corporation recorded approximately $30,000 to earnings as partial recovery of the OTTI charge. The Corporation's outstanding carrying balance in the Fund as of December 31, 2011 was zero. Future liquidation distributions received by the Corporation, if any, will be recorded to earnings.

Temporarily Impaired Investments

For all other securities, the Corporation does not believe that the unrealized losses, which were comprised of 78 investment securities as of December 31, 2011, represent an other-than-temporary impairment. The gross unrealized losses associated with mortgage-backed securities, corporate bonds, asset-backed securities and tax-exempt securities are not considered to be other than temporary because their unrealized losses are related to changes in interest rates and do not affect the expected cash flows of the underlying collateral or issuer.

Factors affecting the market price include credit risk, market risk, interest rates, economic cycles, and liquidity risk. The magnitude of any unrealized loss may be affected by the relative concentration of the Corporation's investment in any one issuer or industry. The Corporation has established policies to reduce exposure through diversification of concentration of the investment portfolio including limits on concentrations to any one issuer. The Corporation believes the investment portfolio is prudently diversified.

The decline in value is related to a change in interest rates and subsequent change in credit spreads required for these issues affecting market price. All issues are performing and are expected to continue to perform in accordance with their respective contractual terms and conditions. Short to intermediate average durations and in certain cases monthly principal payments should reduce further market value exposure to increases in rates.

The Corporation evaluates all securities with unrealized losses quarterly to determine whether the loss is other than temporary. Unrealized losses in the mortgage-backed securities category consist primarily of U.S. agency and private issue collateralized mortgage obligations. Unrealized losses in the corporate debt securities category consist of single name corporate trust preferred securities, pooled trust preferred securities and corporate debt securities issued by large financial institutions. The decline in fair value is due in large part to the lack of an active trading market for these securities, changes in market credit spreads and rating agency downgrades. For collateralized mortgage obligations, management reviewed expected cash flows and credit support to determine if it was probable that all principal and interest would be repaid. None of the corporate issuers have defaulted on interest payments. Management concluded that these securities were not other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2011. Future deterioration in the cash flow on collateralized mortgage obligations or the credit quality of these large financial institution issuers of corporate debt securities could result in impairment charges in the future.

In determining that the securities giving rise to the previously mentioned unrealized losses were not other than temporary, the Corporation evaluated the factors cited above, which the Corporation considers when assessing whether a security is other-than-temporarily impaired. In making these evaluations the Corporation must exercise considerable judgment. Accordingly there can be no assurance that the actual results will not differ from the Corporation's judgments and that such differences may not require the future recognition of other-than-temporary impairment charges that could have a material affect on the Corporation's financial position and results of operations. In addition, the value of, and the realization of any loss on, an investment security is subject to numerous risks as cited above.

The following tables indicate gross unrealized losses not recognized in income and fair value, aggregated by investment category and the length of time individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010:


	December 31, 2011
	Total					Less than 12 Months					12 Months or Longer
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities	$	2,013	$	(6	)	$	2,013	$	(6	)	$	—	$	—
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		4,352		(36	)		4,352		(36	)		—		—
Trust preferred securities		15,272		(4,394	)		4,325		(996	)		10,947		(3,398	)
Corporate bonds and notes		97,043		(4,077	)		89,534		(3,663	)		7,509		(414	)
Collateralized mortgage obligations		1,899		(1,327	)		—		—			1,899		(1,327	)
Asset-backed securities		3,884		(13	)		3,884		(13	)		—		—
Equity securities		1,242		(293	)		—		—			1,242		(293	)
Total		125,705		(10,146	)		104,108		(4,714	)		21,597		(5,432	)
Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity:
Federal agency obligations		11,980		(34	)		11,980		(34	)		—		—
Collateralized mortgage obligations		6,207		(69	)		6,207		(69	)		—		—
Total		18,187		(103	)		18,187		(103	)		—		—
Total Temporarily Impaired Securities	$	143,892	$	(10,249	)	$	122,295	$	(4,817	)	$	21,597	$	(5,432	)


	December 31, 2010
	Total					Less than 12 Months					12 Months or Longer
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale:
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	$	6,995	$	(128	)	$	6,995	$	(128	)	$	—	$	—
Federal agency obligations		35,799		(641	)		32,113		(622	)		3,686		(19	)
Residential mortgage pass-through securities		166,820		(2,419	)		166,820		(2,419	)		—		—
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		19,699		(1,088	)		19,699		(1,088	)		—		—
Trust preferred securities		16,058		(2,517	)		—		—			16,058		(2,517	)
Corporate bonds and notes		61,434		(1,613	)		52,985		(1,175	)		8,449		(438	)
Collateralized mortgage obligations		2,728		(1,213	)		—		—			2,728		(1,213	)
Equity securities		4,653		(382	)		3,427		(73	)		1,226		(309	)
Total Temporarily Impaired Securities	$	314,186	$	(10,001	)	$	282,039	$	(5,505	)	$	32,147	$	(4,496	)

Investment securities having a carrying value of approximately $98.7 million and $125.6 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits, short-term borrowings, and FHLB advances and for other purposes required or permitted by law.