First Commonwealth is a party to interest rate derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments. These derivatives relate to interest rate swaps that First Commonwealth enters into with customers to allow customers to convert variable rate loans to a fixed rate. First Commonwealth pays interest to the customer at a floating rate on the notional amount and receives interest from the customer at a fixed rate for the same notional amount. At the same time the interest rate swap is entered into with the customer, an offsetting interest rate swap is entered into with another financial institution. First Commonwealth pays the other financial institution interest at the same fixed rate on the same notional amount as the swap entered into with the customer, and receives interest from the financial institution for the same floating rate on the same notional amount.

The changes in the fair value of the swaps offset each other, except for the credit risk of the counterparties, which is determined by taking into consideration the risk rating, probability of default and loss given default for all counterparties.

We have 39 risk participation agreements with financial institution counterparties for interest rate swaps related to loans in which we are a participant. The risk participation agreements provide credit protection to the financial institution should the borrower fail to perform on its interest rate derivative contract with the financial institution. We have 17 risk participation agreements with financial institution counterparties for interest rate swaps related to loans in which we are the lead bank. The risk participation agreement provides credit protection to us should the borrower fail to perform on its interest rate derivative contract with us.

First Commonwealth is also party to interest rate caps and collars that are not designated as hedging instruments. The interest rate caps relate to contracts that First Commonwealth enters into with loan customers that provide a maximum interest rate on their variable rate loan. At the same time the interest rate cap is entered into with the customer, First Commonwealth enters into an offsetting interest rate cap with another financial institution. The notional amount and maximum interest rate on both interest cap contracts are identical. The interest rate collars relate to contracts that First Commonwealth enters into with loan customers that provides both a maximum and minimum interest rate on their variable rate loan. At the same time the interest rate collar is entered into with the customer, First Commonwealth enters into an offsetting interest rate collar with another financial institution. The notional amount and the maximum and minimum interest rates on both interest collar contracts are identical.

In August 2019, the Company entered into two interest rate swap contracts that are designated as cash flow hedges. These contracts mature on August 15, 2024 and August 15, 2026 and have notional amounts of $30.0 million and $40.0 million, respectively. The Company's risk management objective for these hedges is to reduce its exposure to variability in expected future cash flows related to interest payments made on subordinated debentures benchmarked to the 3-month LIBOR rate. Therefore, the interest rate swaps convert the interest rate benchmark on the first $70.0 million of 3-month LIBOR based subordinated debentures to a fixed rate.

During 2021, the Company entered into eight interest rate swap contracts that were designated as cash flow hedges. The interest rate swaps have a total notional amount of $500.0 million; $75.0 million with an original maturity of three years, $175.0 million with an original maturity of four years and $250.0 million with an original maturity of five years. The Company's risk management objective for these hedges is to reduce its exposure to variability in expected future cash flows related to interest payments on commercial loans benchmarked to the 1-month LIBOR rate. Therefore, the interest rate swaps convert the interest payments on the first $500.0 million of 1-month LIBOR based commercial loans into fixed rate payments.

The periodic net settlement of these interest rate swaps are recorded as an adjustment to "Interest on subordinated debentures" or "Interest and fees on loans" in the Consolidated Statement of Income. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2019, net interest income increased $0.6 million and $41 thousand, respectively, and decreased $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 as a result of these interest rate swaps. Changes in the fair value of the cash flow hedges are reported on the

balance sheet and in OCI. When the cash flows associated with the hedged item are realized, the gain or loss included in OCI is recognized in "Interest on subordinated debentures" or "Interest and fees on loans," in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the same line item as the income or expense on the hedged items. The cash flow hedges were highly effective at December 31, 2021 and changes in the fair value attributed to hedge ineffectiveness were not material.

The Company also enters into interest rate lock commitments in conjunction with its mortgage origination business. These are commitments to originate loans whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding and the customers have locked into that interest rate. The Company locks in the rate with an investor and commits to deliver the loan if settlement occurs (“best efforts”) or commits to deliver the locked loan in a binding (“mandatory”) delivery program with an investor. Loans under mandatory rate lock commitments are covered under forward sales contracts of mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”). Forward sales contracts of MBS are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in "Noninterest income" in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The impact to noninterest income for the years ended December 31, 2021 was a decrease of $0.5 million and an increase of $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

Interest rate lock commitments and commitments to deliver loans to investors are considered derivatives. The market value of interest rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts are not readily ascertainable with precision because they are not actively traded in stand-alone markets. We determine the fair value of rate lock commitments and delivery contracts by measuring the fair value of the underlying asset, which is impacted by current interest rates and taking into consideration the probability that the rate lock commitments will close or will be funded. At December 31, 2021, the underlying funded mortgage loan commitments had a carrying value of $11.0 million and a fair value of $11.9 million, while the underlying unfunded mortgage loan commitments had a notional amount of $29.7 million. At December 31, 2020, the underlying funded mortgage loan commitments had a carrying value of $25.0 million and a fair value of $28.4 million, while the underlying unfunded mortgage loan commitments had a notional amount of $47.9 million.

In addition, a small amount of interest income on loans is exposed to changes in foreign exchange rates. Several commercial borrowers have a portion of their operations outside of the United States and borrow funds on a short-term basis to fund those operations. In order to reduce the risk related to the translation of foreign denominated transactions into U.S. dollars, the Company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts. These contracts relate principally to the Euro and the Canadian dollar. The contracts are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in "Other operating expenses" in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The impact on other noninterest expense for the years ended December 31, 2021 totaled $11 thousand, $18 thousand and $5 thousand, respectively. At December 31, 2021, the underlying loans had both a carrying value and a fair value of $2.0 million. At December 31, 2020, the underlying loans had both a carrying value and a fair value of $2.1 million.

The following table depicts the credit value adjustment recorded relative to the notional amount of derivatives outstanding as well as the notional amount of risk participation agreements participated to other banks at December 31:


	2021		2020
	(dollars in thousands)
Derivatives not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Credit value adjustment	$	(395)	$	(2,792)
Notional Amount:
Interest rate derivatives	708,759		631,446
Interest rate caps	66,007		66,527
Interest rate collars	35,354		35,354
Risk participation agreements	241,111		220,280
Sold credit protection on risk participation agreements	(95,618)		(78,522)
Interest rate options	29,691		47,874
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
Interest rate swaps:
Fair value adjustment	(7,022)		(3,665)
Notional Amount	570,000		70,000
Interest rate forwards:
Fair value adjustment	(29)		(483)
Notional Amount	38,000		65,000
Foreign exchange forwards:
Fair value adjustment	12		(5)
Notional Amount	1,982		2,119

The table below presents the amount representing the change in the fair value of derivative assets and derivative liabilities attributable to credit risk included in “Other income” on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31:


	2021		2020		2019
	(dollars in thousands)
Non-hedging interest rate derivatives:
Increase (decrease) in other income	$	728	$	(981)	$	(269)
Decrease in other expense	—		—		(352)
Hedging interest rate derivatives:
Increase (decrease) in interest and fees on loans	1,567		—		(118)
Increase (decrease) in interest from subordinated debentures	959		449		(159)
Increase in other expense	—		—		7
Hedging interest rate forwards:
(Decrease) increase in other income	(454)		420		106
Increase in other expense	—		—		—
Hedging interest rate derivatives:
Increase in other expense	11		18		5