Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table provides outstanding balances related to each of our loan types:



	September 30, 2017						December 31, 2016
	Originated		Acquired		Total		Originated		Acquired		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	1,111,332	$	42,893	$	1,154,225	$	1,131,148	$	8,399	$	1,139,547
Real estate construction	248,907		10,222		259,129		217,840		1,781		219,621
Residential real estate	1,190,862		232,560		1,423,422		1,165,851		63,341		1,229,192
Commercial real estate	1,857,563		132,701		1,990,264		1,717,043		25,167		1,742,210
Loans to individuals	542,185		6,622		548,807		546,589		2,188		548,777
Total loans	$	4,950,849	$	424,998	$	5,375,847	$	4,778,471	$	100,876	$	4,879,347

Credit Quality Information

As part of the on-going monitoring of credit quality within the loan portfolio, the following credit worthiness categories are used in grading our loans:



Pass		Acceptable levels of risk exist in the relationship. Includes all loans not classified as OAEM, substandard or doubtful.



Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM)		Potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. The potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects or weaken the Company’s credit position at some future date. The credit risk may be relatively minor, yet constitute an undesirable risk in light of the circumstances surrounding the specific credit. No loss of principal or interest is expected.



Substandard		Well-defined weakness or a weakness that jeopardizes the repayment of the debt. A loan may be classified as substandard as a result of deterioration of the borrower’s financial condition and repayment capacity. Loans for which repayment plans have not been met or collateral equity margins do not protect the Company may also be classified as substandard.



Doubtful		Loans with the characteristics of substandard loans with the added characteristic that collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of presently existing facts and conditions, is highly improbable.

The use of creditworthiness categories to grade loans permits management’s use of migration analysis to estimate a portion of credit risk. The Company’s internal creditworthiness grading system provides a measurement of credit risk based primarily on an evaluation of the borrower’s cash flow and collateral. Movement between these rating categories provides a predictive measure of credit losses and therefore assists in determining the appropriate level for the loan loss reserves. Category ratings are reviewed each quarter, at which time management analyzes the results, as well as other external statistics and factors related to loan performance. Loans that migrate towards higher risk rating levels generally have an increased risk of default, whereas loans that migrate toward lower risk ratings generally will result in a lower risk factor being applied to those related loan balances.

The following tables represent our credit risk profile by creditworthiness:



	September 30, 2017
	Commercial, financial, agricultural and other		Real estate construction		Residential real estate		Commercial real estate		Loans to individuals		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Originated loans
Pass	$	1,050,929	$	248,907	$	1,177,592	$	1,820,425	$	541,946	$	4,839,799
Non-Pass
OAEM	28,981		—		2,669		20,274		—		51,924
Substandard	26,740		—		10,601		16,864		239		54,444
Doubtful	4,682		—		—		—		—		4,682
Total Non-Pass	60,403		—		13,270		37,138		239		111,050
Total	$	1,111,332	$	248,907	$	1,190,862	$	1,857,563	$	542,185	$	4,950,849

Acquired loans
Pass	$	36,107	$	10,222	$	230,020	$	128,060	$	6,605	$	411,014
Non-Pass
OAEM	5,714		—		810		638		—		7,162
Substandard	1,072		—		1,730		4,003		17		6,822
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Non-Pass	6,786		—		2,540		4,641		17		13,984
Total	$	42,893	$	10,222	$	232,560	$	132,701	$	6,622	$	424,998



	December 31, 2016
	Commercial, financial, agricultural and other		Real estate construction		Residential real estate		Commercial real estate		Loans to individuals		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Originated loans
Pass	$	1,038,844	$	217,565	$	1,152,511	$	1,691,220	$	546,316	$	4,646,456
Non-Pass
OAEM	27,387		275		5,923		7,596		—		41,181
Substandard	64,917		—		7,417		18,227		273		90,834
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Non-Pass	92,304		275		13,340		25,823		273		132,015
Total	$	1,131,148	$	217,840	$	1,165,851	$	1,717,043	$	546,589	$	4,778,471

Acquired loans
Pass	$	7,591	$	1,781	$	62,919	$	24,043	$	2,185	$	98,519
Non-Pass
OAEM	486		—		—		—		—		486
Substandard	322		—		422		1,124		3		1,871
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Non-Pass	808		—		422		1,124		3		2,357
Total	$	8,399	$	1,781	$	63,341	$	25,167	$	2,188	$	100,876

Portfolio Risks

The credit quality of our loan portfolio can potentially represent significant risk to our earnings, capital and liquidity. First Commonwealth devotes substantial resources to managing this risk primarily through our credit administration department that develops and administers policies and procedures for underwriting, maintaining, monitoring and collecting loans. Credit administration is independent of our lending departments and oversight is provided by the credit committee of the First Commonwealth Board of Directors.

Criticized loans have been evaluated when determining the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses, which we believe is adequate to absorb losses inherent to the portfolio as of September 30, 2017. However, changes in economic conditions, interest rates, borrower financial condition, delinquency trends or previously established fair values of collateral factors could significantly change those judgmental estimates.

Age Analysis of Past Due Loans by Segment

The following tables delineate the aging analysis of the recorded investments in past due loans as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. Also included in these tables are loans that are 90 days or more past due and still accruing because they are well-secured and in the process of collection.



	September 30, 2017
	30 - 59 days past due		60 - 89 days past due		90 days and greater and still accruing		Nonaccrual		Total past due and nonaccrual		Current		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Originated loans
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	239	$	8	$	75	$	11,217	$	11,539	$	1,099,793	$	1,111,332
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		—		248,907		248,907
Residential real estate	3,165		734		564		6,465		10,928		1,179,934		1,190,862
Commercial real estate	1,444		—		—		3,417		4,861		1,852,702		1,857,563
Loans to individuals	2,078		449		656		239		3,422		538,763		542,185
Total	$	6,926	$	1,191	$	1,295	$	21,338	$	30,750	$	4,920,099	$	4,950,849

Acquired loans
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	157	$	—	$	—	$	1,006	$	1,163	$	41,730	$	42,893
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		—		10,222		10,222
Residential real estate	175		83		—		791		1,049		231,511		232,560
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		3,199		3,199		129,502		132,701
Loans to individuals	43		5		37		17		102		6,520		6,622
Total	$	375	$	88	$	37	$	5,013	$	5,513	$	419,485	$	424,998



	December 31, 2016
	30 - 59 days past due		60 - 89 days past due		90 days and greater and still accruing		Nonaccrual		Total past due and nonaccrual		Current		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Originated loans
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	2,380	$	171	$	75	$	17,928	$	20,554	$	1,110,594	$	1,131,148
Real estate construction	183		—		—		—		183		217,657		217,840
Residential real estate	4,133		1,089		995		5,792		12,009		1,153,842		1,165,851
Commercial real estate	265		327		57		3,443		4,092		1,712,951		1,717,043
Loans to individuals	1,640		776		970		273		3,659		542,930		546,589
Total	$	8,601	$	2,363	$	2,097	$	27,436	$	40,497	$	4,737,974	$	4,778,471

Acquired loans
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	486	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	486	$	7,913	$	8,399
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		—		1,781		1,781
Residential real estate	148		39		34		422		643		62,698		63,341
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		162		162		25,005		25,167
Loans to individuals	1		7		—		3		11		2,177		2,188
Total	$	635	$	46	$	34	$	587	$	1,302	$	99,574	$	100,876

Nonaccrual Loans

The previous tables summarize nonaccrual loans by loan segment. The Company generally places loans on nonaccrual status when the full and timely collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain, when part of the principal balance has been charged off and no restructuring has occurred, or the loans reach a certain number of days past due. Generally, loans 90 days or more past due are placed on nonaccrual status, except for consumer loans, which are placed on nonaccrual status at 150 days past due.

When a loan is placed on nonaccrual, the accrued unpaid interest receivable is reversed against interest income and all future payments received are applied as a reduction to the loan principal. Generally, the loan is returned to accrual status when (a) all delinquent interest and principal becomes current under the terms of the loan agreement or (b) the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection and collectability is no longer in doubt.

Impaired Loans

Management considers loans to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is determined that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the loan contract, including scheduled interest payments. Determination of impairment is treated the same across all loan categories. When management identifies a loan as impaired, the impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, except when the sole source for repayment of the loan is the operation or liquidation of collateral. When the loan is collateral dependent, the appraised value less estimated cost to sell is utilized. If management determines the value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, impairment is recognized through an allowance estimate or a charge-off to the allowance. Troubled debt restructured loans on accrual status are also considered to be impaired loans.

When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan is in doubt and the loan is on nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal under the cost recovery method. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan is not in doubt and the loan is on nonaccrual status, contractual interest is credited to interest income when received under the cash basis method.

At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there were no nonaccrual loans held for sale. In addition, $21 thousand in gains were recognized in income during the second quarter of 2017 as the result of the sale of a nonaccrual loan held for sale at March 31, 2017. There were no gains or losses recognized in income for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

The following tables include the recorded investment and unpaid principal balance for impaired loans with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. Also presented are the average recorded investment in impaired loans and the related amount of interest recognized while the loan was considered impaired. Average balances are calculated using month-end balances of the loans for the period reported and are included in the table below based on their period-end allowance position.



	September 30, 2017						December 31, 2016
	Recorded investment		Unpaid principal balance		Related allowance		Recorded investment		Unpaid principal balance		Related allowance
	(dollars in thousands)
Originated loans:
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	7,028	$	13,464			$	9,549	$	15,369
Real estate construction	—		—				—		—
Residential real estate	10,970		12,810				10,873		13,004
Commercial real estate	6,203		6,958				5,765		6,905
Loans to individuals	357		417				382		507
Subtotal	24,558		33,649				26,569		35,785
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	8,394		12,631		$	1,346	13,423		19,226		$	2,530
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate	517		562		97		424		475		164
Commercial real estate	309		309		217		810		810		434
Loans to individuals	—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	9,220		13,502		1,660		14,657		20,511		3,128
Total	$	33,778	$	47,151	$	1,660	$	41,226	$	56,296	$	3,128



	September 30, 2017						December 31, 2016
	Recorded investment		Unpaid principal balance		Related allowance		Recorded investment		Unpaid principal balance		Related allowance
	(dollars in thousands)
Acquired loans
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	72	$	72			$	—	$	—
Real estate construction	—		—				—		—
Residential real estate	707		1,015				406		480
Commercial real estate	3,047		3,961				162		162
Loans to individuals	17		17				3		3
Subtotal	3,843		5,065				571		645
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	934		940		$	472	—		—		$	—
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate	94		123		5		16		16		16
Commercial real estate	153		159		44		—		—		—
Loans to individuals	—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	1,181		1,222		521		16		16		16
Total	$	5,024	$	6,287	$	521	$	587	$	661	$	16



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017								2016
	Originated Loans				Acquired Loans				Originated Loans
	Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized		Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized		Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized
	(dollars in thousands)
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	11,627	$	142	$	48	$	1	$	24,020	$	421
Real estate construction	—		—		33		—		6		44
Residential real estate	11,417		245		487		—		11,546		232
Commercial real estate	6,439		522		2,076		—		7,143		140
Loans to individuals	350		16		2		—		423		10
Subtotal	29,833		925		2,646		1		43,138		847
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	8,984		77		316		—		15,310		77
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate	266		—		68		—		111		—
Commercial real estate	354		14		159		—		524		18
Loans to individuals	—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	9,604		91		543		—		15,945		95
Total	$	39,437	$	1,016	$	3,189	$	1	$	59,083	$	942



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2017								2016
	Originated Loans				Acquired Loans				Originated Loans
	Average recorded investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average recorded investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average recorded investment		Interest Income Recognized
	(dollars in thousands)
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	7,106	$	62	$	72	$	1	$	24,674	$	128
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate	11,217		82		653		—		11,636		94
Commercial real estate	5,928		452		3,078		—		6,463		73
Loans to individuals	366		5		6		—		384		7
Subtotal	24,617		601		3,809		1		43,157		302
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	8,510		32		786		—		17,207		22
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate	377		—		95		—		174		—
Commercial real estate	315		4		154		—		547		7
Loans to individuals	—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	9,202		36		1,035		—		17,928		29
Total	$	33,819	$	637	$	4,844	$	1	$	61,085	$	331

Unfunded commitments related to nonperforming loans were $1.5 million at September 30, 2017 and $1.8 million at December 31, 2016. After consideration of the requirements to draw and available collateral related to these commitments, a reserve of $0.1 million and $12 thousand was established for these off balance sheet exposures at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Troubled debt restructured loans are those loans whose terms have been renegotiated to provide a reduction or deferral of principal or interest as a result of the financial difficulties experienced by the borrower, who could not obtain comparable terms from alternate financing sources.

The following table provides detail as to the total troubled debt restructured loans and total commitments outstanding on troubled debt restructured loans:



	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
	(dollars in thousands)
Troubled debt restructured loans
Accrual status	$	12,451	$	13,790
Nonaccrual status	11,408		11,569
Total	$	23,859	$	25,359
Commitments
Letters of credit	$	60	$	—
Unused lines of credit	241		358
Total	$	301	$	358

The following tables provide detail, including specific reserves and reasons for modification, related to loans identified as troubled debt restructurings:



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
		Type of Modification
	Number of Contracts	Extend Maturity		Modify Rate		Modify Payments		Total Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Specific Reserve
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	6	$	6,768	$	1,786	$	47	$	8,601	$	6,307	$	669
Residential real estate	15	129		204		513		846		777		2
Commercial real estate	4	179		—		111		290		280		—
Loans to individuals	8	—		17		60		77		62		—
Total	33	$	7,076	$	2,007	$	731	$	9,814	$	7,426	$	671



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
		Type of Modification
	Number of Contracts	Extend Maturity		Modify Rate		Modify Payments		Total Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Specific Reserve
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	5	$	93	$	4,009	$	3,853	$	7,955	$	7,281	$	1,612
Residential real estate	35	—		214		2,548		2,762		2,620		—
Commercial real estate	7	1,348		—		25		1,373		1,285		68
Loans to individuals	10	—		71		25		96		76		—
Total	57	$	1,441	$	4,294	$	6,451	$	12,186	$	11,262	$	1,680

The troubled debt restructurings included in the above tables are also included in the impaired loan tables provided earlier in this note. Loans defined as modified due to a change in rate may include loans that were modified for a change in rate as well as a re-amortization of the principal and an extension of the maturity. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, $0.3 million and $4.3 million, respectively, of total rate modifications represent loans with modifications to the rate as well as payment as a result of re-amortization. For both 2017 and 2016 the changes in loan balances between the pre-modification balance and the post-modification balance are due to customer payments.



	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
		Type of Modification
	Number of Contracts	Extend Maturity		Modify Rate		Modify Payments		Total Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Specific Reserve
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	1	$	—	$	—	$	47	$	47	$	47	$	—
Residential real estate	4	—		17		100		117		106		—
Commercial real estate	1	—		—		27		27		25		—
Loans to individuals	1	—		—		12		12		11		—
Total	7	$	—	$	17	$	186	$	203	$	189	$	—



	For the Three Months Ended, September 30, 2016
		Type of Modification
	Number of Contracts	Extend Maturity		Modify Rate		Modify Payments		Total Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Specific Reserve
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	1	$	—	$	—	$	3,853	$	3,853	$	3,853	$	1,612
Residential real estate	11	—		100		373		473		441		—
Commercial real estate	1	85		—		—		85		85		—
Loans to individuals	4	—		42		10		52		45		—
Total	17	$	85	$	142	$	4,236	$	4,463	$	4,424	$	1,612

The troubled debt restructurings included in the above tables are also included in the impaired loan tables provided earlier in this note. Loans defined as modified due to a change in rate may include loans that were modified for a change in rate as well as a re-amortization of the principal and an extension of the maturity. For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, $17 thousand and $0.1 million, respectively, of total rate modifications represent loans with modifications to the rate as well as payment as a result of re-amortization. For both 2017 and 2016 the changes in loan balances between the pre-modification balance and the post-modification balance are due to customer payments.

A troubled debt restructuring is considered to be in default when a restructured loan is 90 days or more past due. The following table provides information related to loans that were restructured within the past twelve months and that were considered to be in default during the nine months ended September 30:



	2017			2016
	Number of Contracts	Recorded Investment		Number of Contracts	Recorded Investment
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential real estate	1	$	9	—	$	—
Loans to individuals	1	2		—	—
Total	2	$	11	—	$	—

The following table provides information related to loans that were restructured within the past twelve months and that were considered to be in default during the three months ended September 30:



	2017			2016
	Number of Contracts	Recorded Investment		Number of Contracts	Recorded Investment
	(dollars in thousands)
Loans to individuals	1	$	2	—	$	—
Total	1	$	2	—	$	—

The following tables provide detail related to the allowance for credit losses:



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Commercial, financial, agricultural and other				Real estate construction			Residential real estate			Commercial real estate			Loans to individuals			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:
Originated loans:
Beginning balance	$	35,974			$	577		$	2,492		$	6,619		$	4,504		$	50,166
Charge-offs	(5,776		)		—			(954		)	(95		)	(3,185		)	(10,010		)
Recoveries	3,819				465			259			206			355			5,104
Provision (credit)	(11,353		)		299			1,095			10,593			1,752			2,386
Ending balance	22,664				1,341			2,892			17,323			3,426			47,646
Acquired loans:
Beginning balance	—				—			19			—			—			19
Charge-offs	—				—			(26		)	—			(17		)	(43		)
Recoveries	1			—	5			45			4			51			106
Provision (credit)	479				(5		)	(32		)	40			(34		)	448
Ending balance	480				—			6			44			—			530
Total ending balance	$	23,144			$	1,341		$	2,898		$	17,367		$	3,426		$	48,176
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	1,818			$	—		$	102		$	261		$	—		$	2,181
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	21,326				1,341			2,796			17,106			3,426			45,995
Loans:
Ending balance	1,154,225				259,129			1,423,422			1,990,264			548,807			5,375,847
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	15,995				—			7,142			8,189			—			31,326
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	1,138,230				259,129			1,416,280			1,982,075			548,807			5,344,521



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
	Commercial, financial, agricultural and other			Real estate construction			Residential real estate			Commercial real estate			Loans to individuals			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance	$	31,035		$	887		$	2,606		$	11,924		$	4,360		$	50,812
Charge-offs	(13,308		)	—			(976		)	(418		)	(3,751		)	(18,453		)
Recoveries	261			227			407			803			371			2,069
Provision (credit)	23,935			(638		)	330			(6,725		)	3,404			20,306
Ending balance	$	41,923		$	476		$	2,367		$	5,584		$	4,384		$	54,734
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	7,739		$	—		$	6		$	430		$	—		$	8,175
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	34,184			476			2,361			5,154			4,384			46,559
Loans:
Ending balance	1,207,447			229,375			1,185,759			1,683,015			555,056			4,860,652
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	35,501			—			5,670			5,081			—			46,252
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	1,171,946			229,375			1,180,089			1,677,934			555,056			4,814,400



	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Commercial, financial, agricultural and other			Real estate construction			Residential real estate			Commercial real estate			Loans to individuals			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:
Originated loans:
Beginning balance	$	33,372		$	768		$	2,116		$	7,307		$	4,332		$	47,895
Charge-offs	(499		)	—			(344		)	(35		)	(1,015		)	(1,893		)
Recoveries	183			369			67			60			107			786
Provision (credit)	(10,392		)	204			1,053			9,991			2			858
Ending balance	22,664			1,341			2,892			17,323			3,426			47,646
Acquired loans:
Beginning balance	118			—			4			50			—			172
Charge-offs	—			—			(17		)	—			(9		)	(26		)
Recoveries	1			4			18			—			5			28
Provision (credit)	361			(4		)	1			(6		)	4			356
Ending balance	480			—			6			44			—			530
Total ending balance	$	23,144		$	1,341		$	2,898		$	17,367		$	3,426		$	48,176



	For the Three Months Ended, September 30, 2016
	Commercial, financial, agricultural and other			Real estate construction			Residential real estate			Commercial real estate			Loans to individuals			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance	$	46,357		$	480		$	2,605		$	5,862		$	4,517		$	59,821
Charge-offs	(7,163		)	—			(374		)	(10		)	(1,260		)	(8,807		)
Recoveries	63			—			147			20			82			312
Provision (credit)	2,666			(4		)	(11		)	(288		)	1,045			3,408
Ending balance	$	41,923		$	476		$	2,367		$	5,584		$	4,384		$	54,734