Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table provides outstanding balances related to each of our loan types:



	March 31, 2017						December 31, 2016
	Originated		Acquired		Total		Originated		Acquired		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	1,140,702	$	7,758	$	1,148,460	$	1,131,148	$	8,399	$	1,139,547
Real estate construction	239,983		139		240,122		217,840		1,781		219,621
Residential real estate	1,157,236		60,162		1,217,398		1,165,851		63,341		1,229,192
Commercial real estate	1,736,363		24,738		1,761,101		1,717,043		25,167		1,742,210
Loans to individuals	538,991		1,889		540,880		546,589		2,188		548,777
Total loans	$	4,813,275	$	94,686	$	4,907,961	$	4,778,471	$	100,876	$	4,879,347

Credit Quality Information

As part of the on-going monitoring of credit quality within the loan portfolio, the following credit worthiness categories are used in grading our loans:



Pass		Acceptable levels of risk exist in the relationship. Includes all loans not classified as OAEM, substandard or doubtful.



Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM)		Potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. The potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects or weaken the Company’s credit position at some future date. The credit risk may be relatively minor, yet constitute an undesirable risk in light of the circumstances surrounding the specific credit. No loss of principal or interest is expected.



Substandard		Well-defined weakness or a weakness that jeopardizes the repayment of the debt. A loan may be classified as substandard as a result of deterioration of the borrower’s financial condition and repayment capacity. Loans for which repayment plans have not been met or collateral equity margins do not protect the Company may also be classified as substandard.



Doubtful		Loans with the characteristics of substandard loans with the added characteristic that collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of presently existing facts and conditions, is highly improbable.

The use of creditworthiness categories to grade loans permits management’s use of migration analysis to estimate a portion of credit risk. The Company’s internal creditworthiness grading system provides a measurement of credit risk based primarily on an evaluation of the borrower’s cash flow and collateral. Movement between these rating categories provides a predictive measure of credit losses and therefore assists in determining the appropriate level for the loan loss reserves. Category ratings are reviewed each quarter, at which time management analyzes the results, as well as other external statistics and factors related to loan performance. Loans that migrate towards higher risk rating levels generally have an increased risk of default, whereas loans that migrate toward lower risk ratings generally will result in a lower risk factor being applied to those related loan balances.

The following tables represent our credit risk profile by creditworthiness:



	March 31, 2017
	Commercial, financial, agricultural and other		Real estate construction		Residential real estate		Commercial real estate		Loans to individuals		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Originated loans
Pass	$	1,049,152	$	239,983	$	1,143,535	$	1,714,061	$	538,765	$	4,685,496
Non-Pass
OAEM	31,026		—		3,373		5,675		—		40,074
Substandard	53,104		—		10,328		16,627		226		80,285
Doubtful	7,420		—		—		—		—		7,420
Total Non-Pass	91,550		—		13,701		22,302		226		127,779
Total	$	1,140,702	$	239,983	$	1,157,236	$	1,736,363	$	538,991	$	4,813,275

Acquired loans
Pass	$	6,972	$	139	$	59,864	$	23,623	$	1,889	$	92,487
Non-Pass
OAEM	477		—		—		—		—		477
Substandard	309		—		298		1,115		—		1,722
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Non-Pass	786		—		298		1,115		—		2,199
Total	$	7,758	$	139	$	60,162	$	24,738	$	1,889	$	94,686



	December 31, 2016
	Commercial, financial, agricultural and other		Real estate construction		Residential real estate		Commercial real estate		Loans to individuals		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Originated loans
Pass	$	1,038,844	$	217,565	$	1,152,511	$	1,691,220	$	546,316	$	4,646,456
Non-Pass
OAEM	27,387		275		5,923		7,596		—		41,181
Substandard	64,917		—		7,417		18,227		273		90,834
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Non-Pass	92,304		275		13,340		25,823		273		132,015
Total	$	1,131,148	$	217,840	$	1,165,851	$	1,717,043	$	546,589	$	4,778,471

Acquired loans
Pass	$	7,591	$	1,781	$	62,919	$	24,043	$	2,185	$	98,519
Non-Pass
OAEM	486		—		—		—		—		486
Substandard	322		—		422		1,124		3		1,871
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Non-Pass	808		—		422		1,124		3		2,357
Total	$	8,399	$	1,781	$	63,341	$	25,167	$	2,188	$	100,876

Portfolio Risks

The credit quality of our loan portfolio can potentially represent significant risk to our earnings, capital, regulatory agency relationships, investment community reputation and shareholder returns. First Commonwealth devotes a substantial amount of resources managing this risk primarily through our credit administration department that develops and administers policies and procedures for underwriting, maintaining, monitoring and collecting activities. Credit administration is independent of lending departments and oversight is provided by the credit committee of the First Commonwealth Board of Directors.

Criticized loans have been evaluated when determining the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses, which we believe is adequate to absorb losses inherent to the portfolio as of March 31, 2017. However, changes in economic conditions, interest rates, borrower financial condition, delinquency trends or previously established fair values of collateral factors could significantly change those judgmental estimates.

Age Analysis of Past Due Loans by Segment

The following tables delineate the aging analysis of the recorded investments in past due loans as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. Also included in these tables are loans that are 90 days or more past due and still accruing because they are well-secured and in the process of collection.



	March 31, 2017
	30 - 59 days past due		60 - 89 days past due		90 days and greater and still accruing		Nonaccrual		Total past due and nonaccrual		Current		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Originated loans
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	2,973	$	603	$	139	$	21,710	$	25,425	$	1,115,277	$	1,140,702
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		—		239,983		239,983
Residential real estate	2,979		1,187		617		5,984		10,767		1,146,469		1,157,236
Commercial real estate	665		—		87		3,899		4,651		1,731,712		1,736,363
Loans to individuals	1,073		485		739		226		2,523		536,468		538,991
Total	$	7,690	$	2,275	$	1,582	$	31,819	$	43,366	$	4,769,909	$	4,813,275

Acquired loans
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	—	$	—	$	477	$	—	$	477	$	7,281	$	7,758
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		—		139		139
Residential real estate	73		103		51		298		525		59,637		60,162
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		162		162		24,576		24,738
Loans to individuals	6		2		1		—		9		1,880		1,889
Total	$	79	$	105	$	529	$	460	$	1,173	$	93,513	$	94,686



	December 31, 2016
	30 - 59 days past due		60 - 89 days past due		90 days and greater and still accruing		Nonaccrual		Total past due and nonaccrual		Current		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Originated loans
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	2,380	$	171	$	75	$	17,928	$	20,554	$	1,110,594	$	1,131,148
Real estate construction	183		—		—		—		183		217,657		217,840
Residential real estate	4,133		1,089		995		5,792		12,009		1,153,842		1,165,851
Commercial real estate	265		327		57		3,443		4,092		1,712,951		1,717,043
Loans to individuals	1,640		776		970		273		3,659		542,930		546,589
Total	$	8,601	$	2,363	$	2,097	$	27,436	$	40,497	$	4,737,974	$	4,778,471

Acquired loans
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	486	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	486	$	7,913	$	8,399
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		—		1,781		1,781
Residential real estate	148		39		34		422		643		62,698		63,341
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		162		162		25,005		25,167
Loans to individuals	1		7		—		3		11		2,177		2,188
Total	$	635	$	46	$	34	$	587	$	1,302	$	99,574	$	100,876

Nonaccrual Loans

The previous tables summarize nonaccrual loans by loan segment. The Company generally places loans on nonaccrual status when the full and timely collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain, when part of the principal balance has been charged off and no restructuring has occurred, or the loans reach a certain number of days past due. Generally, loans 90 days or more past due are placed on nonaccrual status, except for consumer loans, which are placed on nonaccrual status at 150 days past due.

When a loan is placed on nonaccrual, the accrued unpaid interest receivable is reversed against interest income and all future payments received are applied as a reduction to the loan principal. Generally, the loan is returned to accrual status when (a) all delinquent interest and principal becomes current under the terms of the loan agreement or (b) the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection and collectability is no longer in doubt.

Impaired Loans

Management considers loans to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is determined that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the loan contract, including scheduled interest payments. Determination of impairment is treated the same across all loan categories. When management identifies a loan as impaired, the impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, except when the sole source for repayment of the loan is the operation or liquidation of collateral. When the loan is collateral dependent, the appraised value less estimated cost to sell is utilized. If management determines the value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, impairment is recognized through an allowance estimate or a charge-off to the allowance. Troubled debt restructured loans on accrual status are also considered to be impaired loans.

When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan is in doubt and the loan is on nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal under the cost recovery method. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan is not in doubt and the loan is on nonaccrual status, contractual interest is credited to interest income when received under the cash basis method.

At March 31, 2017, nonaccrual loans held for sale totaled $3.6 million and included loans to one commercial manufacturing borrower. There were no nonaccrual loans held for sale as of December 31, 2016. In addition, no gains or losses were recognized in income related to these loans for the periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.

Significant nonaccrual loans as of March 31, 2017, include the following:


•	A $7.4 million relationship of commercial industrial loans to a steel and aluminum servicing company. These loans were originated in 2011 and were placed in nonaccrual status during the first quarter of 2016. The collateral valuation completed in the third quarter of 2016 incorporated certain estimates obtained in the first quarter of 2016.


•	A $3.6 million relationship of a commercial industrial loan to a company specializing in commercial business services. This loan was originated 2014 and was placed in nonaccrual status during the first quarter of 2017. A collateral valuation was completed during the first quarter of 2017.

•

A $3.2 million relationship of commercial industrial loans to a local energy company involved in the drilling and production of natural gas wells. These loans were originated from 2008 to 2011 and were placed in nonaccrual status during the third quarter of 2013. Two of these loans were modified resulting in TDR classification: one loan totaling $1.0 million was modified in 2012, and the other loan totaling $2.2 million was modified in 2014. A valuation of the collateral was updated during the first quarter of 2017.


•	A $3.0 million relationship of commercial industrial loans to a gear manufacturer. These loans were originated in 2013 and were placed in nonaccrual status during the third quarter of 2015. A valuation of the collateral was completed during the first quarter of 2017.

The following tables include the recorded investment and unpaid principal balance for impaired loans with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. Also presented are the average recorded investment in impaired loans and the related amount of interest recognized while the loan was considered impaired. Average balances are calculated using month-end balances of the loans for the period reported and are included in the table below based on their period-end allowance position.



	March 31, 2017						December 31, 2016
	Recorded investment		Unpaid principal balance		Related allowance		Recorded investment		Unpaid principal balance		Related allowance
	(dollars in thousands)
Originated loans:
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	12,780	$	20,043			$	9,549	$	15,369
Real estate construction	—		—				—		—
Residential real estate	11,227		13,237				10,873		13,004
Commercial real estate	6,028		7,037				5,765		6,905
Loans to individuals	365		429				382		507
Subtotal	30,400		40,746				26,569		35,785
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	13,929		20,124		$	2,466	13,423		19,226		$	2,530
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate	366		418		146		424		475		164
Commercial real estate	1,101		1,101		376		810		810		434
Loans to individuals	—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	15,396		21,643		2,988		14,657		20,511		3,128
Total	$	45,796	$	62,389	$	2,988	$	41,226	$	56,296	$	3,128



	March 31, 2017						December 31, 2016
	Recorded investment		Unpaid principal balance		Related allowance		Recorded investment		Unpaid principal balance		Related allowance
	(dollars in thousands)
Acquired loans
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	—	$	—			$	—	$	—
Real estate construction	—		—				—		—
Residential real estate	246		321				406		480
Commercial real estate	162		162				162		162
Loans to individuals	—		—				3		3
Subtotal	408		483				571		645
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	—		—		$	—	—		—		$	—
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate	65		65		29		16		16		16
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		—		—		—
Loans to individuals	—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	65		65		29		16		16		16
Total	$	473	$	548	$	29	$	587	$	661	$	16



	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017								2016
	Originated Loans				Acquired Loans				Originated Loans
	Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized		Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized		Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized
	(dollars in thousands)
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	$	12,034	$	38	$	—	$	—	$	17,298	$	152
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		17		44
Residential real estate	11,422		74		241		—		10,724		47
Commercial real estate	5,949		54		162		—		7,658		38
Loans to individuals	338		2		—		—		480		1
Subtotal	29,743		168		403		—		36,177		282
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	12,787		26		—		—		17,027		28
Real estate construction	—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate	334		1		65		—		497		—
Commercial real estate	1,111		7		—		—		529		5
Loans to individuals	—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	14,232		34		65		—		18,053		33
Total	$	43,975	$	202	$	468	$	—	$	54,230	$	315

Unfunded commitments related to nonperforming loans were $0.2 million at March 31, 2017 and $1.8 million at December 31, 2016. After consideration of the requirements to draw and available collateral related to these commitments, a reserve of $0.1 million and $12 thousand was established for these off balance sheet exposures at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Troubled debt restructured loans are those loans whose terms have been renegotiated to provide a reduction or deferral of principal or interest as a result of the financial difficulties experienced by the borrower, who could not obtain comparable terms from alternate financing sources.

The following table provides detail as to the total troubled debt restructured loans and total commitments outstanding on troubled debt restructured loans:



	March 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
	(dollars in thousands)
Troubled debt restructured loans
Accrual status	$	13,990	$	13,790
Nonaccrual status	10,482		11,569
Total	$	24,472	$	25,359
Commitments
Letters of credit	$	60	$	—
Unused lines of credit	160		358
Total	$	220	$	358

The following tables provide detail, including specific reserves and reasons for modification, related to loans identified as troubled debt restructurings:



	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
		Type of Modification
	Number of Contracts	Extend Maturity		Modify Rate		Modify Payments		Total Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Specific Reserve
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	1	$	—	$	42	$	—	$	42	$	38	$	—
Residential real estate	7	129		101		306		536		504		—
Commercial real estate	2	179		—		16		195		193		—
Loans to individuals	3	—		14		30		44		43		—
Total	13	$	308	$	157	$	352	$	817	$	778	$	—



	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
		Type of Modification
	Number of Contracts	Extend Maturity		Modify Rate		Modify Payments		Total Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Specific Reserve
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial, financial, agricultural and other	2	$	—	$	3,769	$	—	$	3,769	$	3,749	$	—
Residential real estate	8	—		114		874		988		910		—
Commercial real estate	3	65		—		133		198		169		—
Loans to individuals	3	—		18		5		23		16		—
Total	16	$	65	$	3,901	$	1,012	$	4,978	$	4,844	$	—

The troubled debt restructurings included in the above tables are also included in the impaired loan tables provided earlier in this note. Loans defined as modified due to a change in rate may include loans that were modified for a change in rate as well as a re-amortization of the principal and an extension of the maturity. For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, $0.2 million and $3.9 million, respectively, of total rate modifications represent loans with modifications to the rate as well as payment as a result of re-amortization. For both 2017 and 2016 the changes in loan balances between the pre-modification balance and the post-modification balance are due to customer payments.

A troubled debt restructuring is considered to be in default when a restructured loan is 90 days or more past due. The following table provides information related to restructured loans that were considered to be in default during the three months ended March 31:



	2017			2016
	Number of Contracts	Recorded Investment		Number of Contracts	Recorded Investment
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential real estate	—	$	—	2	$	70
Total	—	$	—	2	$	70

The following tables provide detail related to the allowance for credit losses:



	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
	Commercial, financial, agricultural and other				Real estate construction			Residential real estate			Commercial real estate			Loans to individuals			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:
Originated loans:
Beginning balance	$	35,974			$	577		$	2,492		$	6,619		$	4,504		$	50,166
Charge-offs	(3,825		)		—			(465		)	(31		)	(1,198		)	(5,519		)
Recoveries	368				54			122			117			128			789
Provision (credit)	2,184				(17		)	265			(123		)	900			3,209
Ending balance	34,701				614			2,414			6,582			4,334			48,645
Acquired loans:
Beginning balance	—				—			19			—			—			19
Charge-offs	—				—			(8		)	—			(7		)	(15		)
Recoveries	—			—	—			6			—			1			7
Provision (credit)	—				—			14			—			6			20
Ending balance	—				—			31			—			—			31
Total ending balance	$	34,701			$	614		$	2,445		$	6,582		$	4,334		$	48,676
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	2,466			$	—		$	175		$	376		$	—		$	3,017
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	32,235				614			2,270			6,206			4,334			45,659
Loans:
Ending balance	1,148,460				240,122			1,217,398			1,761,101			540,880			4,907,961
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	26,260				—			6,287			5,819			—			38,366
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	1,122,200				240,122			1,211,111			1,755,282			540,880			4,869,595



	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
	Commercial, financial, agricultural and other			Real estate construction			Residential real estate			Commercial real estate			Loans to individuals			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance	$	31,035		$	887		$	2,606		$	11,924		$	4,360		$	50,812
Charge-offs	(1,392		)	—			(382		)	(265		)	(1,469		)	(3,508		)
Recoveries	134			223			118			756			161			1,392
Provision (credit)	11,944			(209		)	286			(6,932		)	1,437			6,526
Ending balance	$	41,721		$	901		$	2,628		$	5,483		$	4,489		$	55,222
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	12,900		$	—		$	75		$	420		$	—		$	13,395
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	28,821			901			2,553			5,063			4,489			41,827
Loans:
Ending balance	1,190,384			256,856			1,212,962			1,552,904			585,649			4,798,755
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	42,016			—			6,246			5,934			—			54,196
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	1,148,368			256,856			1,206,716			1,546,970			585,649			4,744,559