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FORM 10-Q
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
___________________

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from _______ to _______

FIRST MERCHANTS CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Indiana
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)
001-4134235-1544218
(Commission File Number)(IRS Employer Identification No.)


200 East Jackson Street, Muncie, IN                  47305-2814
(Address of principal executive offices)                   (Zip code)

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code): (765) 747-1500

Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year,
if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each ClassTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.125 stated value per shareFRMEThe Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/100th interest in a share of Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series AFRMEPThe Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed  by  Section  13 or 15 (d) of the  Securities  Exchange  Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter  period that the  registrant was  required  to file such  reports),  and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes   No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every interactive data file required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes    No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer
Accelerated Filer
Non-Accelerated Filer
Smaller Reporting Company
Emerging Growth Company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes    No

As of October 26, 2023, there were 59,846,922 outstanding common shares of the registrant.
1


TABLE OF CONTENTS

FIRST MERCHANTS CORPORATION

Page No.
Item 1. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
   
 
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
2


GLOSSARY OF DEFINED TERMS

FIRST MERCHANTS CORPORATION

ACLAllowance for Credit Losses
ASCAccounting Standards Codification
ASUAccounting Standards Update
BankFirst Merchants Bank, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Corporation
BTFPBank Term Funding Program created by the Federal Reserve in March 2023
CECL
FASB Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, adopted by the Corporation on January 1, 2021.
CET1Common Equity Tier 1
CorporationFirst Merchants Corporation
EITFFASB's Emerging Issues Task Force
ESPPEmployee Stock Purchase Plan
FASBFinancial Accounting Standards Board
FDICFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal ReserveBoard of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
FHLBFederal Home Loan Bank
FOMCFederal Open Market Committee, the monetary policymaking body of the Federal Reserve System.
FTEFully taxable equivalent
GAAPU.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
IRSInternal Revenue Service
Level OneLevel One Bancorp, Inc., which was acquired by the Corporation on April 1, 2022.
OREOOther real estate owned
PPPPaycheck Protection Program, which was established by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act, or CARES Act, and implemented by the SBA to provide small business loans.
PCDPurchased credit deteriorated loans
RSARestricted Stock Awards
SBASmall Business Administration
SOFRSecured Overnight Financing Rate


3

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)


CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
September 30,
2023
December 31,
2022
(Unaudited)
ASSETS  
Cash and due from banks$125,173 $122,594 
Interest-bearing deposits348,639 126,061 
Investment securities available for sale1,500,136 1,976,661 
Investment securities held to maturity, net of allowance for credit losses of $245 and $245 (fair value of $1,741,225 and $1,907,865)
2,213,588 2,287,127 
Loans held for sale30,972 9,094 
Loans12,271,422 12,003,894 
Less: Allowance for credit losses - loans(205,782)(223,277)
Net loans12,065,640 11,780,617 
Premises and equipment132,441 117,118 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock41,797 38,525 
Interest receivable90,011 85,070 
Goodwill712,002 712,002 
Other intangibles29,281 35,842 
Cash surrender value of life insurance306,106 308,311 
Other real estate owned6,480 6,431 
Tax asset, deferred and receivable135,521 111,222 
Other assets258,861 221,631 
TOTAL ASSETS$17,996,648 $17,938,306 
LIABILITIES  
Deposits:  
Noninterest-bearing$2,554,984 $3,173,417 
Interest-bearing12,091,592 11,209,328 
Total Deposits14,646,576 14,382,745 
Borrowings:  
Federal funds purchased 171,560 
Securities sold under repurchase agreements152,537 167,413 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances713,384 823,674 
Subordinated debentures and other borrowings158,665 151,298 
Total Borrowings1,024,586 1,313,945 
Interest payable16,473 7,530 
Other liabilities216,369 199,316 
Total Liabilities15,904,004 15,903,536 
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Cumulative Preferred Stock, $1,000 par value, $1,000 liquidation value:
  
Authorized - 600 cumulative shares
  
Issued and outstanding - 125 cumulative shares
125 125 
Preferred Stock, Series A, no par value, $2,500 liquidation preference:
Authorized - 10,000 non-cumulative perpetual shares
Issued and outstanding - 10,000 non-cumulative perpetual shares
25,000 25,000 
Common Stock, $0.125 stated value:
  
Authorized - 100,000,000 shares
  
Issued and outstanding - 59,398,022 and 59,170,583 shares
7,425 7,396 
Additional paid-in capital1,234,402 1,228,626 
Retained earnings1,132,962 1,012,774 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(307,270)(239,151)
Total Stockholders' Equity2,092,644 2,034,770 
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$17,996,648 $17,938,306 


See NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
4

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)


CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2023202220232022
INTEREST INCOME    
Loans receivable:  
Taxable$191,705 $128,504 $550,314 $314,366 
Tax exempt8,288 6,500 23,757 18,194 
Investment securities:   
Taxable8,590 10,055 26,563 28,937 
Tax exempt13,947 17,261 44,296 50,348 
Deposits with financial institutions5,884 704 9,685 1,544 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock719 314 2,281 635 
Total Interest Income229,133 163,338 656,896 414,024 
INTEREST EXPENSE    
Deposits85,551 16,644 209,437 29,423 
Federal funds purchased 418 1,420 494 
Securities sold under repurchase agreements797 372 2,624 595 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances6,896 3,493 20,775 6,485 
Subordinated debentures and other borrowings2,506 2,105 7,303 5,780 
Total Interest Expense95,750 23,032 241,559 42,777 
NET INTEREST INCOME133,383 140,306 415,337 371,247 
Provision for credit losses2,000  2,000 16,755 
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES131,383 140,306 413,337 354,492 
NONINTEREST INCOME    
Service charges on deposit accounts7,975 7,165 23,147 21,274 
Fiduciary and wealth management fees7,394 7,221 22,653 22,187 
Card payment fees4,716 4,776 14,425 15,674 
Net gains and fees on sales of loans5,517 2,543 11,548 7,968 
Derivative hedge fees516 700 2,336 3,062 
Other customer fees384 501 1,643 1,573 
Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance1,210 1,376 3,813 3,831 
Gains on life insurance benefits551 5,279 1,332 5,828 
Net realized gains (losses) on sales of available for sale securities(1,650)481 (4,613)1,137 
Other income (loss)1,229 (425)2,874 1,257 
Total Noninterest Income27,842 29,617 79,158 83,791 
NONINTEREST EXPENSES    
Salaries and employee benefits55,566 56,002 167,778 154,562 
Net occupancy6,837 6,738 20,770 19,573 
Equipment5,698 5,997 18,005 17,797 
Marketing2,369 2,401 4,780 4,551 
Outside data processing fees6,573 6,827 19,290 16,071 
Printing and office supplies333 472 1,150 1,198 
Intangible asset amortization2,182 2,303 6,561 5,972 
FDIC assessments2,981 2,824 7,117 7,940 
Other real estate owned and foreclosure expenses677 328 1,575 626 
Professional and other outside services3,833 4,461 12,191 17,681 
Other expenses6,805 8,025 20,950 20,045 
Total Noninterest Expenses93,854 96,378 280,167 266,016 
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX65,371 73,545 212,328 172,267 
Income tax expense9,005 9,793 31,021 20,938 
NET INCOME56,366 63,752 181,307 151,329 
Preferred stock dividends468 469 1,406 938 
NET INCOME AVAILABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS$55,898 $63,283 $179,901 $150,391 
Per Share Data:    
Basic Net Income Available to Common Stockholders$0.95 $1.08 $3.04 $2.63 
Diluted Net Income Available to Common Stockholders$0.94 $1.08 $3.03 $2.62 
Cash Dividends Paid$0.34 $0.32 $1.00 $0.93 
Average Diluted Common Shares Outstanding (in thousands)59,503 59,339 59,465 57,468 


See NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

5

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)


CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023202220232022
Net income$56,366 $63,752 $181,307 $151,329 
Other comprehensive income/( loss):
     Unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale:
Unrealized holding loss arising during the period(114,630)(145,935)(90,675)(467,210)
Reclassification adjustment for losses/(gains) included in net income1,650 (481)4,613 (1,137)
Tax effect23,726 30,747 18,073 98,353 
Net of tax(89,254)(115,669)(67,989)(369,994)
     Unrealized gain/(loss) on cash flow hedges:
Unrealized holding gain/(loss) arising during the period(66)94 (179)507 
Reclassification adjustment for losses/(gains) included in net income 78 15 496 
Tax effect14 (36)34 (211)
Net of tax(52)136 (130)792 
      Total other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax(89,306)(115,533)(68,119)(369,202)
Comprehensive income/(loss)$(32,940)$(51,781)$113,188 $(217,873)


See NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

6

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)


CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Cumulative Preferred StockNon-Cumulative Preferred StockCommon StockAdditionalAccumulated
Other
SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountPaid in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Comprehensive
Loss
Total
Balances, June 30, 2023125 $125 10,000 $25,000 59,297,148 $7,412 $1,233,593 $1,097,399 $(217,964)$2,145,565 
Comprehensive loss:
Net income— — — — — — — 56,366 — 56,366 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
— — — — — — — — (89,306)(89,306)
Cash dividends on preferred stock ($46.88 per share)
— — — — — — — (468)— (468)
Cash dividends on common stock ($0.34 per share)
— — — — — — — (20,335)— (20,335)
Share-based compensation— — — — 114,435 14 1,346 — — 1,360 
Stock issued under employee benefit plans— — — — 8,226 1 209 — — 210 
Stock issued under dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan— — — — 18,524 3 536 — — 539 
Restricted shares withheld for taxes— — — — (40,311)(5)(1,282)— — (1,287)
Balances, September 30, 2023
125 $125 10,000 $25,000 59,398,022 $7,425 $1,234,402 $1,132,962 $(307,270)$2,092,644 


Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Cumulative Preferred StockNon-Cumulative Preferred StockCommon StockAdditionalAccumulated
Other
SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountPaid in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Comprehensive
Loss
Total
Balances, June 30, 2022125 $125 10,000 25,000 59,059,866 $7,383 $1,226,378 $917,311 $(198,556)$1,977,641 
Comprehensive loss:
Net income— — — — — — — 63,752 — 63,752 
Other comprehensive loss net of tax
— — — — — — — — (115,533)(115,533)
Cash dividends on preferred stock ($46.88 per share)
— — — — — — — (469)— (469)
Cash dividends on common stock ($0.32 per share)
— — — — — — — (19,052)— (19,052)
Share-based compensation— — — — 105,409 13 1,173 — — 1,186 
Stock issued under employee benefit plans— — — — 6,017 1 202 — — 203 
Stock issued under dividend reinvestment and
stock purchase plan
— — — — 12,769 2 526 — — 528 
Restricted shares withheld for taxes— — — — (38,647)(6)(1,584)— — (1,590)
Balances, September 30, 2022
125 $125 10,000 $25,000 59,145,414 $7,393 $1,226,695 $961,542 $(314,089)$1,906,666 
7

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)


Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Cumulative Preferred StockNon-Cumulative Preferred StockCommon StockAdditionalAccumulated
Other
SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountPaid in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Comprehensive
 Loss
Total
Balances, December 31, 2022125 $125 10,000 $25,000 59,170,583 $7,396 $1,228,626 $1,012,774 $(239,151)$2,034,770 
Comprehensive income:
Net income— — — — — — — 181,307 — 181,307 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
— — — — — — — — (68,119)(68,119)
Cash dividends on preferred stock ($140.64 per share)
— — — — — — — (1,406)— (1,406)
Cash dividends on common stock ($1.00 per share)
— — — — — — — (59,713)— (59,713)
Share-based compensation— — — — 129,092 16 3,776 — — 3,792 
Stock issued under employee benefit plans— — — — 21,661 3 587 — — 590 
Stock issued under dividend reinvestment and
stock purchase plan
— — — — 52,061 7 1,596 — — 1,603 
Stock options exercised— — — — 65,025 8 1,102 — — 1,110 
Restricted shares withheld for taxes— — — — (40,400)(5)(1,285)— — (1,290)
Balances, September 30, 2023
125 $125 10,000 $25,000 59,398,022 $7,425 $1,234,402 $1,132,962 $(307,270)$2,092,644 


Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Cumulative Preferred StockNon-Cumulative Preferred StockCommon StockAdditionalAccumulated
Other
SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountPaid in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Comprehensive
Loss
Total
Balances, December 31, 2021125$125 $ 53,410,411 $6,676 $985,818 $864,839 $55,113 1,912,571 
Comprehensive loss:
Net income— — — — — — — 151,329 — 151,329 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
— — — — — — — — (369,202)(369,202)
Cash dividends on preferred stock ($93.76 per share)
— — — — — — — (938)— (938)
Cash dividends on common stock ($0.93 per share)
— — — — — — — (53,688)— (53,688)
Issuance of stock related to acquisition— — 10,000 25,000 5,588,962 699 236,690 — — 262,389 
Share-based compensation— — — — 112,443 14 3,416 — — 3,430 
Stock issued under employee benefit plans— — — — 15,072 2 518 — — 520 
Stock issued under dividend reinvestment and
stock purchase plan
— — — — 37,693 5 1,531 — — 1,536 
Stock options exercised— — — — 20,095 3 333 — — 336 
Restricted shares withheld for taxes— — — — (39,262)(6)(1,611)— — (1,617)
Balances, September 30, 2022125 $125 10,000 $25,000 59,145,414 $7,393 $1,226,695 $961,542 $(314,089)$1,906,666 


See NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
8

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)
 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20232022
Cash Flow From Operating Activities:  
Net income$181,307 $151,329 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:  
Provision for credit losses2,000 16,755 
Depreciation and amortization8,666 8,802 
Change in deferred taxes3,957 2,676 
Share-based compensation3,792 3,430 
Loans originated for sale(567,626)(178,972)
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale551,613 176,567 
Gains on sales of loans held for sale(5,865)(3,851)
Net (gains) losses on sales of securities available for sale4,613 (1,137)
Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance(3,813)(3,831)
Gains on life insurance benefits(1,332)(5,828)
Change in interest receivable(4,941)(7,230)
Change in interest payable8,943 1,144 
Other adjustments(8,616)(15,170)
Net cash provided by operating activities172,698 144,684 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:  
Net change in interest-bearing deposits(222,578)294,561 
Purchases of: 
Securities available for sale(12,543)(450,168)
Securities held to maturity(5,653)(288,094)
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale347,318 524,688 
Proceeds from maturities of: 
Securities available for sale44,925 181,997 
Securities held to maturity76,427 127,582 
Change in Federal Home Loan Bank stock(3,272)2,368 
Net change in loans(404,833)(803,746)
Net cash and cash equivalents received (paid) in acquisition 137,780 
Proceeds from the sale of other real estate owned1,175 495 
Proceeds from life insurance benefits7,350 23,911 
Proceeds from commercial portfolio loan sale112,124  
Other adjustments(27,215)(9,003)
Net cash used in investing activities(86,775)(257,629)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:  
Net change in :  
Demand and savings deposits(581,735)(29,993)
Certificates of deposit and other time deposits845,566 (198,549)
Borrowings754,229 913,330 
Repayment of borrowings(1,043,588)(567,223)
Cash dividends on preferred stock(1,406)(938)
Cash dividends on common stock(59,713)(53,688)
Stock issued under employee benefit plans590 520 
Stock issued under dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plans1,603 1,536 
Stock options exercised1,110 336 
Net cash provided (used) by financing activities(83,344)65,331 
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents2,579 (47,614)
Cash and Cash Equivalents, January 1122,594 167,146 
Cash and Cash Equivalents, September 30
$125,173 $119,532 
Additional cash flow information:  
Interest paid$232,616 $40,568 
Income tax paid32,741 12,102 
Loans transferred to other real estate owned1,224 6,418 
Fixed assets transferred to other real estate owned3,226 1,398 
Non-cash investing activities using trade date accounting4,462 41,106 
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities1,630 9,081 
In conjunction with the acquisitions, liabilities were assumed as follows:
Fair value of assets acquired$ $2,510,576 
Cash paid in acquisition (79,324)
Less: Common stock issued 237,389 
Less: Preferred stock issued 25,000 
Liabilities assumed$ $2,168,863 
See NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
9


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)

NOTE 1 
GENERAL
Financial Statement Preparation

The Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheet of the Corporation as of December 31, 2022, has been derived from the audited consolidated balance sheet of the Corporation as of that date. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the Corporation’s annual financial statements, prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, have been condensed or omitted. These consolidated condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year. Reclassifications have been made to prior financial statements to conform to the current financial statement presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on net income. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses and fair value of financial instruments.

Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies followed by the Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries for interim financial reporting are consistent with the accounting policies followed for annual financial reporting. All adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature and are in the opinion of management necessary for a fair statement of the results for the periods reported, have been included in the accompanying Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

Recent Accounting Changes Adopted in 2023

FASB Accounting Standards Updates - No. 2020-04 - Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting
Summary - The FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04 to provide temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. LIBOR and other interbank offered rates are widely used benchmarks or reference rates in the United States and globally. Trillions of dollars in loans, derivatives, and other financial contracts reference LIBOR, the benchmark interest rate banks use to make short-term loans to each other. With global capital markets expected to move away from LIBOR and other interbank offered rates and move toward rates that are more observable or transaction based and less susceptible to manipulation, the FASB launched a broad project in late 2018 to address potential accounting challenges expected to arise from the transition. The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The ASU is intended to help stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period.

With the issuance of ASU 2022-06 - Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848, the sunset date for adoption of ASU 2020-04 was extended from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. The Corporation adopted the expedients included in this ASU in the second quarter of 2023 as it transitioned its loans and other financial instruments to another reference rate.

FASB Accounting Standards Updates - No. 2021-01 - Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope
Summary - The FASB has published ASU 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform, which clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition. The ASU also amends the expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 to capture the incremental consequences of the scope clarification and to tailor the existing guidance to derivative instruments affected by the discounting transition.

If an entity elects to apply any of the amendments in this Update for an eligible hedging relationship, any adjustments as a result of those elections must be reflected as of the date the entity applies the election.

With the issuance of ASU 2022-06 - Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848, the sunset date for adoption of ASU 2021-01 was extended from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. The Corporation adopted the expedients included in this ASU in the second quarter of 2023 as it transitioned its loans and other financial instruments to another reference rate.
10


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


FASB Accounting Standards Updates - No. 2021-08 - Business Combinations (Topic 805) - Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers
Summary - The FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, that addressed diversity in practice related to the accounting for revenue contracts with customers acquired in a business combination.

Under existing GAAP, an acquirer generally recognized assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, including contract assets and contract liabilities arising from revenue contracts with customers and other similar contracts that are accounted for in accordance with Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, at fair value on the acquisition date.

The FASB indicated that some stakeholders indicated that it is unclear how an acquirer should evaluate whether to recognize a contract liability from a revenue contract with a customer acquired in a business combination after Topic 606 was adopted. Furthermore, it was identified that under current practice, the timing of payment (payment terms) of a revenue contract may subsequently affect the post-acquisition revenue recognized by the acquirer. To address this, the ASU required entities to apply Topic 606 to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in a business combination. Finally, the amendments in the ASU improve comparability after the business combination by providing consistent recognition and measurement guidance for revenue contracts with customers acquired in a business combination and revenue contracts with customers not acquired in a business combination.

For public business entities, the amendments were effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments in this Update are applied prospectively to business combinations occurring on or after the effective date of the amendments. Early adoption of the amendments was permitted, including adoption in an interim period. An entity that early adopted in an interim period applied the amendments (1) retrospectively to all business combinations for which the acquisition date occurred on or after the beginning of the fiscal year that included the interim period or early application, and (2) prospectively to all business combinations that occurred on or after the date of initial application. The Corporation adopted this guidance on January 1, 2023, but adoption of the standard did not have any impact on the Corporation's financial statements or disclosures.

FASB Accounting Standards Updates - No. 2022-02 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures
Summary - The FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, to improve the usefulness of information provided to investors about certain loan refinancings, restructurings, and writeoffs.

Troubled Debt Restructurings ("TDR") by Creditors That Have Adopted CECL
During the FASB’s post-implementation review of the credit losses standard, including a May 2021 roundtable, investors and other stakeholders questioned the relevance of the TDR designation and the usefulness of disclosures about those modifications. Some noted that measurement of expected losses under the CECL model already incorporated losses realized from restructurings that are TDRs and that relevant information for investors would be better conveyed through enhanced disclosures about certain modifications.

The amendments in the new ASU eliminate the accounting guidance for TDRs by creditors that have adopted CECL while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

Vintage Disclosures - Gross Writeoffs
The disclosure of gross writeoff information by year of origination was cited by numerous investors as an essential input to their analysis. To address this feedback, the amendments in the new ASU require that a public business entity disclose current-period gross writeoffs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investment in leases.

For entities that have adopted the amendments in ASU 2016-13, the amendments in this Update were effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Corporation adopted this Update on January 1, 2023 and the new disclosures required in this Update are included in NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE of these Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

The Corporation continually monitors potential accounting pronouncements and the following pronouncements have been deemed to have the most applicability to the Corporation's financial statements:

FASB Accounting Standards Updates - No. 2023-02 - Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323) - Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method
Summary -The FASB issued ASU No. 2023-02, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method, that is intended to improve the accounting and disclosures for investments in tax credit structures. The ASU is a consensus of the FASB’s Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF").

The ASU allows reporting entities to elect to account for qualifying tax equity investments using the proportional amortization method, regardless of the program giving rise to the related income tax credits. The ASU responds to stakeholder feedback that the proportional amortization method provides investors and other allocators of capital with a better understanding of the returns from investments that are made primarily for the purpose of receiving income tax credits and other income tax benefits.


11


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


Reporting entities were previously permitted to apply the proportional amortization method only to qualifying tax equity investments in low-income housing tax credit (LIHTC) structures. In recent years, stakeholders asked the FASB to extend the application of the proportional amortization method to qualifying tax equity investments that generate tax credits through other programs, which resulted in the EITF addressing this issue.

For public business entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for all entities in any interim period. The Corporation is assessing the terms of this guidance, but adoption of the standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Corporation's financial statements or disclosures.


NOTE 2 
ACQUISITIONS

Level One Bancorp, Inc.

On April 1, 2022, the Corporation acquired 100 percent of Level One Bancorp, Inc. ("Level One"). Level One, a Michigan corporation, merged with and into the Corporation (the "Merger"), whereupon the separate corporate existence of Level One ceased and the Corporation survived. Immediately following the Merger, Level One's wholly owned subsidiary, Level One Bank, merged with and into the Bank, with the Bank as the surviving bank.

Level One was headquartered in Farmington Hills, Michigan and had 17 banking centers serving the Michigan market. Pursuant to the merger agreement, each common shareholder of Level One received, for each outstanding share of Level One common stock held, (a) a 0.7167 share of the Corporation's common stock, and (b) a cash payment of $10.17. The Corporation issued 5.6 million shares of the Corporation's common stock and paid $79.3 million in cash, in exchange for all outstanding shares of Level One common stock.

Additionally, the Corporation issued 10,000 shares of newly created 7.5 percent non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, with a liquidation preference of $2,500 per share, in exchange for the outstanding Level One Series B preferred stock. Likewise, each outstanding Level One depositary share representing a 1/100th interest in a share of the Level One Series B preferred stock was converted into a depositary share of the Corporation representing a 1/100th interest in a share of its newly issued preferred stock (Nasdaq: FRMEP).

The Corporation engaged in this transaction with the expectation that it would be accretive to income and add to the existing market area in Michigan that has a demographic profile consistent with many of the current Midwest markets served by the Bank. Goodwill resulted from this transaction due to the expected synergies and economies of scale.

Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total purchase price is allocated to net tangible and intangible assets based on their current estimated fair values on the date of the acquisition. Based on valuations of the fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which are based on assumptions that are subject to change based on the timing of the transaction, the purchase price for the Level One acquisition is detailed in the following table.
Fair Value
Cash and due from banks$217,104 
Investment securities available for sale370,071 
Investment securities held to maturity587 
Loans held for sale7,951 
Loans1,627,423 
Allowance for credit losses - loans(16,599)
Premises and equipment11,848 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock11,688 
Interest receivable7,188 
Cash surrender value of life insurance30,143 
Tax asset, deferred and receivable16,223 
Other assets41,690 
Deposits(1,930,790)
Securities sold under repurchase agreements(1,521)
Federal Home Loan Bank advances(160,043)
Subordinated debentures(32,631)
Interest payable(1,065)
Other liabilities(42,813)
Net tangible assets acquired156,454 
Other intangibles18,642 
Goodwill166,617 
Purchase price$341,713 
12


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


The Corporation performed an evaluation of the loan portfolio in which there were loans that, at acquisition, had more than an insignificant amount of credit quality deterioration and were classified as purchased credit deteriorated ("PCD"). Details of the PCD loans are included in NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE of these Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

Of the total purchase price, $18.6 million has been allocated to other intangible assets. Approximately $17.2 million was allocated to a core deposit intangible, which will be amortized over its estimated life of 10 years. Approximately $1.4 million was allocated to a non-compete intangible, which will be amortized over its estimated life of 2 years. The remaining purchase price has been allocated to goodwill, which is not deductible for tax purposes.

Pro Forma Financial Information

The results of operations of Level One have been included in the Corporation's consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date. The following schedule includes pro forma results for the year ended December 31, 2022 as if the Level One acquisition occurred as of the beginning of the period presented.

2022
Total revenue (net interest income plus other income)$654,313 
Net income$221,631 
Net income available to common stockholders$219,756 
Earnings per common share:
Basic$3.72 
Diluted$3.70 

The pro forma information includes adjustments for interest income on loans and investment securities, interest expense on deposits and borrowings, premises expense for the banking centers acquired and amortization of intangibles arising from the transaction and the related income tax effects. The pro forma information includes operating revenue of $56.9 million from Level One since the date of acquisition, $16.8 million of provision expense related to CECL Day 1 adjustments for PCD loans, and $16.5 million of acquisition-related expenses. The pro forma information is presented for information purposes only and is not indicative of the results of operations that actually would have been achieved had the acquisition been consummated as of January 1, 2022, nor is it intended to be a projection of future results.


NOTE 3

INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The following table summarizes the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and approximate fair value of investment securities available for sale as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

 Amortized
Cost
Gross Unrealized
Gains
Gross Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Available for sale at September 30, 2023    
U.S. Treasury$1,737 $ $24 $1,713 
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities114,414  20,829 93,585 
State and municipal1,217,293  244,237 973,056 
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities536,530  116,567 419,963 
Corporate obligations12,960  1,141 11,819 
Total available for sale$1,882,934 $ $382,798 $1,500,136 

 Amortized
Cost
Gross Unrealized
Gains
Gross Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Available for sale at December 31, 2022    
U.S. Treasury$2,501 $ $42 $2,459 
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities119,154  17,192 101,962 
State and municipal1,530,048 438 178,726 1,351,760 
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities608,630 1 100,358 508,273 
Corporate obligations13,014  807 12,207 
Total available for sale$2,273,347 $439 $297,125 $1,976,661 





13


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


The following table summarizes the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, approximate fair value and allowance for credit losses on investment securities held to maturity as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Amortized
Cost
Allowance for Credit LossesNet Carrying AmountGross Unrealized
Gains
Gross Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Held to maturity at September 30, 2023   
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities$378,706 $ $378,706 $ $78,882 $299,824 
State and municipal1,107,325 245 1,107,080 14 258,536 848,803 
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities726,302  726,302  135,163 591,139 
Foreign investment1,500  1,500  41 1,459 
Total held to maturity$2,213,833 $245 $2,213,588 $14 $472,622 $1,741,225 


Amortized
Cost
Allowance for Credit LossesNet Carrying AmountGross Unrealized
Gains
Gross Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Held to maturity at December 31, 2022    
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities$392,246 $ $392,246 $ $69,147 $323,099 
State and municipal1,117,552 245 1,117,307 647 197,064 921,135 
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities776,074  776,074  113,915 662,159 
Foreign investment1,500  1,500  28 1,472 
Total held to maturity$2,287,372 $245 $2,287,127 $647 $380,154 $1,907,865 


Accrued interest on investment securities available for sale and held to maturity at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 of $23.2 million and $29.5 million, respectively, are included in the Interest Receivable line on the Corporation's Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets. The total amount of accrued interest is excluded from the amortized cost of available for sale and held to maturity securities presented above.

In determining the allowance for credit losses on investment securities available for sale that are in an unrealized loss position, the Corporation first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through the income statement. For investment securities available for sale that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Corporation evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, the Corporation considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Unrealized losses that have not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income. Adjustments to the allowance are reported in the income statement as a component of the provision for credit loss. The Corporation has made the accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable on investment securities available for sale from the estimate of credit losses. Investment securities available for sale are charged off against the allowance or, in the absence of any allowance, written down through the income statement when deemed uncollectible or when either of the aforementioned criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. The Corporation did not record an allowance for credit losses on its investment securities available for sale as the unrealized losses were attributable to changes in interest rates, not credit quality.

The allowance for credit losses on investment securities held to maturity is a contra asset-valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of investment securities held to maturity to present the net amount expected to be collected. Investment securities held to maturity are charged off against the allowance when deemed uncollectible. Adjustments to the allowance are reported in the income statement as a component of the provision for credit loss. The Corporation measures expected credit losses on investment securities held to maturity on a collective basis by major security type with each type sharing similar risk characteristics, and considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Corporation has made the accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable on investment securities held to maturity from the estimate of credit losses. With regard to U.S. Government-sponsored agency and mortgage-backed securities, all these securities are issued by a U.S. government-sponsored entity and have an implicit or explicit government guarantee; therefore, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities. With regard to securities issued by states and municipalities and other investment securities held to maturity, management considers (1) issuer bond ratings, (2) historical loss rates for given bond ratings, (3) the financial condition of the issuer, and (4) whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities. Historical loss rates associated with securities having similar grades as those in the Corporation's portfolio have been insignificant. Furthermore, as of September 30, 2023, there were no past due principal and interest payments associated with these securities. At CECL adoption, an allowance for credit losses of $245,000 was recorded on the state and municipal securities classified as held to maturity based on applying the long-term historical credit loss rate, as published by Moody’s, for similarly rated securities. The balance of the allowance for credit losses remained unchanged at $245,000 as of September 30, 2023.


14


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


On a quarterly basis, the Corporation monitors the credit quality of investment securities held to maturity through the use of credit ratings. The following table summarizes the amortized cost of investment securities held to maturity at September 30, 2023, aggregated by credit quality indicator.
Held to Maturity
State and municipalOtherTotal
Credit Rating:
Aaa$114,709 $70,585 $185,294 
Aa1153,408  153,408 
Aa2181,369  181,369 
Aa3133,499  133,499 
A1131,310  131,310 
A210,172  10,172 
A310,125  10,125 
Non-rated372,733 1,035,923 1,408,656 
Total$1,107,325 $1,106,508 $2,213,833 


The following tables summarize, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, investment securities available for sale in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position.
Less than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Investment securities available for sale at September 30, 2023
U.S. Treasury$397 $1 $1,316 $23 $1,713 $24 
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities796 3 92,789 20,826 93,585 20,829 
State and municipal86,964 10,369 886,092 233,868 973,056 244,237 
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities11,273 453 408,686 116,114 419,959 116,567 
Corporate obligations  11,788 1,141 11,788 1,141 
Total investment securities available for sale$99,430 $10,826 $1,400,671 $371,972 $1,500,101 $382,798 

 
Less than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Investment securities available for sale at December 31, 2022
U.S. Treasury$2,459 $42 $ $ $2,459 $42 
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities48,940 4,973 53,022 12,219 101,962 17,192 
State and municipal1,177,104 150,096 108,652 28,630 1,285,756 178,726 
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities182,700 16,910 325,455 83,448 508,155 100,358 
Corporate obligations12,176 807   12,176 807 
Total investment securities available for sale$1,423,379 $172,828 $487,129 $124,297 $1,910,508 $297,125 



15


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


The following table summarizes investment securities available for sale in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by security type and the number of securities in the portfolio as of the dates indicated.

Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Number of Securities
Investment securities available for sale at September 30, 2023
U.S. Treasury$24 3
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities20,829 16
State and municipal244,237 743
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities116,567 164
Corporate obligations1,141 10
Total investment securities available for sale$382,798 936 

Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Number of Securities
Investment securities available for sale at December 31, 2022
U.S. Treasury$42 5
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities17,192 16
State and municipal178,726 946
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities100,358 177
Corporate obligations807 10
Total investment securities available for sale$297,125 1,154 


The unrealized losses in the Corporation’s investment portfolio were the result of changes in interest rates and not credit quality. As a result, the Corporation expects to recover the amortized cost basis over the term of the securities. The Corporation does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that the Corporation will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity.

Certain investment securities available for sale are reported in the financial statements at an amount less than their historical cost as indicated in the table below.
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Investments available for sale reported at less than historical cost:  
Historical cost$1,882,899 $2,207,633 
Fair value1,500,101 1,910,508 
Gross unrealized losses$382,798 $297,125 
Percent of the Corporation's investments available for sale99.99 %96.65 %

In determining the fair value of the investment securities portfolio, the Corporation utilizes a third party for portfolio accounting services, including market value input, for those securities classified as Level 1 and Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.  The Corporation has obtained an understanding of what inputs are being used by the vendor in pricing the portfolio and how the vendor classified these securities based upon these inputs.  From these discussions, the Corporation’s management is comfortable that the classifications are proper.  The Corporation has gained trust in the data for two reasons:  (a) independent spot testing of the data is conducted by the Corporation through obtaining market quotes from various brokers on a periodic basis; and (b) actual gains or losses resulting from the sale of certain securities has proven the data to be accurate over time.   Fair value of securities classified as Level 3 in the valuation hierarchy was determined using a discounted cash flow model that incorporated market estimates of interest rates and volatility in markets that have not been active.


16


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities available for sale and held to maturity at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity are shown separately.
 Available for SaleHeld to Maturity
 Amortized CostFair ValueAmortized CostFair Value
Maturity Distribution at September 30, 2023    
Due in one year or less$3,403 $3,356 $9,422 $9,397 
Due after one through five years27,736 25,266 116,894 106,277 
Due after five through ten years127,442 110,668 134,603 117,134 
Due after ten years1,187,823 940,883 1,226,612 917,278 
 1,346,404 1,080,173 1,487,531 1,150,086 
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities536,530 419,963 726,302 591,139 
Total investment securities$1,882,934 $1,500,136 $2,213,833 $1,741,225 

Available for SaleHeld to Maturity
Amortized CostFair ValueAmortized CostFair Value
Maturity Distribution at December 31, 2022    
Due in one year or less$2,822 $2,809 $13,697 $13,749 
Due after one through five years11,694 11,265 80,697 76,453 
Due after five through ten years169,729 161,211 147,078 135,027 
Due after ten years1,480,472 1,293,103 1,269,826 1,020,477 
 1,664,717 1,468,388 1,511,298 1,245,706 
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities608,630 508,273 776,074 662,159 
Total investment securities$2,273,347 $1,976,661 $2,287,372 $1,907,865 


Securities with a carrying value of approximately $1.7 billion and $941.3 million were pledged at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, to secure certain deposits and securities sold under repurchase agreements, and for other purposes as permitted or required by law. Pledged securities increased from December 31, 2022 as a result of the Corporation pledging additional securities to the Discount Window at the Federal Reserve Bank to be used as an alternative funding source, if needed.

The book value of securities pledged and available under agreements to repurchase amounted to $187.3 million at September 30, 2023 and $196.7 million at December 31, 2022.

Gross gains and losses on the sales and redemptions of investment securities available for sale for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are shown below.
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023202220232022
Sales and redemptions of investment securities available for sale:    
Gross gains$ $495 $759 $1,176 
Gross losses(1,650)(14)(5,372)(39)
Net gains (losses) on sales and redemptions of investment securities available for sale$(1,650)$481 $(4,613)$1,137 


NOTE 4

LOANS AND ALLOWANCE

Loan Portfolio and Credit Quality

The Corporation's primary lending focus is small business and middle market commercial, commercial real estate, public finance and residential real estate, which results in portfolio diversification. The following tables show the composition of the loan portfolio and credit quality characteristics by collateral classification, excluding loans held for sale.  Loans held for sale at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, were $31.0 million and $9.1 million, respectively.
17


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


The following table illustrates the composition of the Corporation’s loan portfolio by loan class as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Commercial and industrial loans$3,490,953 $3,437,126 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers233,838 241,793 
Real estate loans:
Construction1,022,261 835,582 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied2,360,596 2,407,475 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied1,153,707 1,246,528 
Residential2,257,385 2,096,655 
Home equity609,352 630,632 
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures176,523 175,211 
Public finance and other commercial loans966,807 932,892 
Loans$12,271,422 $12,003,894 


Credit Quality
As part of the ongoing monitoring of the credit quality of the Corporation's loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to: (i) the level of criticized commercial loans, (ii) net charge-offs, (iii) nonperforming loans, (iv) covenant failures and (v) the general national and local economic conditions.

The Corporation utilizes a risk grading of pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss to assess the overall credit quality of large commercial loans. All large commercial credit grades are reviewed at a minimum of once a year for pass grade loans. Loans with grades below pass are reviewed more frequently depending on the grade. A description of the general characteristics of these grades is as follows:

Pass - Loans that are considered to be of acceptable credit quality.

Special Mention - Loans which possess some credit deficiency or potential weakness, which deserves close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Corporation's credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the Corporation to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

Substandard - A substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified have a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Corporation will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful - Loans that have all of the weaknesses of those classified as Substandard. However, based on currently existing facts, conditions and values, these weaknesses make full collection of principal highly questionable and improbable.

Loss – Loans that are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuing to carry them as an asset is not warranted. Loans will be classified as Loss when it is neither practical or desirable to defer writing off or reserving all or a portion of a basically worthless asset, even though partial recovery may be possible at some time in the future.


18


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)

The following tables summarize the risk grading of the Corporation’s loan portfolio by loan class and by year of origination for the years indicated. Consumer loans are not risk graded. For the purposes of this disclosure, the consumer loans are classified in the following manner: loans that are less than 30 days past due are Pass, loans 30-89 days past due are Special Mention and loans greater than 89 days past due are Substandard.  The entire balance of a loan is considered delinquent if the minimum payment contractually required to be made is not received by the specified due date.
September 30, 2023
Term Loans (amortized cost basis by origination year)Revolving loans amortizedRevolving loans converted
20232022202120202019Priorcost basisto termTotal
Commercial and industrial loans
Pass$901,876 $548,276 $296,471 $95,426 $53,498 $49,094 $1,374,146 $50 $3,318,837 
Special Mention9,450 11,955 6,428 5,470 114 897 28,202  62,516 
Substandard5,902 20,082 16,554 1,959 4,701 1,655 48,890  99,743 
Doubtful908 3,945  2,149   2,855  9,857 
Total Commercial and industrial loans918,136 584,258 319,453 105,004 58,313 51,646 1,454,093 50 3,490,953 
Current period gross write-offs13,901 508 400 5,588 76 239   20,712 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers
Pass22,521 38,866 33,059 32,234 13,819 26,251 65,513  232,263 
Special Mention 266    597   863 
Substandard34 156  458  64   712 
Total Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers22,555 39,288 33,059 32,692 13,819 26,912 65,513  233,838 
Current period gross write-offs         
Real estate loans:
Construction
Pass362,578 295,563 266,129 14,325 4,047 2,526 11,577  956,745 
Special Mention35,063 424  20,846     56,333 
Substandard13 3,882 5,288      9,183 
Total Construction397,654 299,869 271,417 35,171 4,047 2,526 11,577  1,022,261 
Current period gross write-offs         
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied
Pass214,579 529,237 533,207 471,278 142,636 225,787 31,615  2,148,339 
Special Mention64,871 22,956 7,842 3,641 26,567 32,842 47  158,766 
Substandard18,666 9,807 92 22,216  2,339 247  53,367 
Doubtful 124       124 
Total Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied298,116 562,124 541,141 497,135 169,203 260,968 31,909  2,360,596 
Current period gross write-offs 2       2 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied
Pass119,212 207,077 270,151 269,190 101,546 87,685 27,327  1,082,188 
Special Mention5,178 13,603 9,437 6,053 2,831 5,110 334  42,546 
Substandard15,113 1,339 4,228 2,486 17 5,163 627  28,973 
Total Commercial real estate, owner occupied139,503 222,019 283,816 277,729 104,394 97,958 28,288  1,153,707 
Current period gross write-offs    2    2 
Residential
Pass332,210 691,941 451,830 372,247 105,548 265,879 4,878 65 2,224,598 
Special Mention1,087 5,304 4,034 1,710 1,578 6,501 2,588  22,802 
Substandard357 3,338 2,234 974 528 2,523 31  9,985 
Total Residential333,654 700,583 458,098 374,931 107,654 274,903 7,497 65 2,257,385 
Current period gross write-offs 42 135 3  63   243 
Home equity
Pass9,155 34,784 64,438 11,511 1,162 4,566 472,517 2,065 600,198 
Special Mention120 720 41 1,114  168 4,108 371 6,642 
Substandard63  599   93 1,374 383 2,512 
Total Home Equity9,338 35,504 65,078 12,625 1,162 4,827 477,999 2,819 609,352 
Current period gross write-offs 160 182 149 193 1,422   2,106 
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures
Pass32,590 52,860 31,275 8,070 2,735 6,572 40,907 597 175,606 
Special Mention29 388 250 34 11 11 193 1 917 
Substandard         
Total Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures32,619 53,248 31,525 8,104 2,746 6,583 41,100 598 176,523 
Current period gross write-offs98 591 291 77 57 151   1,265 
Public finance and other commercial loans
Pass61,235 209,069 206,637 157,399 91,705 231,931 8,831  966,807 
Total Public finance and other commercial loans61,235 209,069 206,637 157,399 91,705 231,931 8,831  966,807 
Loans$2,212,810 $2,705,962 $2,210,224 $1,500,790 $553,043 $958,254 $2,126,807 $3,532 $12,271,422 
Total current period gross charge-offs$13,999 $1,303 $1,008 $5,817 $328 $1,875 $ $ $24,330 
19


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


December 31, 2022
Term Loans (amortized cost basis by origination year)Revolving loans amortizedRevolving loans converted
20222021202020192018Priorcost basisto termTotal
Commercial and industrial loans
Pass$1,064,687 $531,504 $141,985 $114,999 $43,136 $45,310 $1,302,562 $5,048 $3,249,231 
Special Mention2,164 18,005 11,900 5,727 1,012 2,181 27,702 150 68,841 
Substandard27,512 26,571 5,531 10,606 4,674 567 43,450 143 119,054 
Total Commercial and industrial loans1,094,363 576,080 159,416 131,332 48,822 48,058 1,373,714 5,341 3,437,126 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers
Pass44,446 36,299 35,791 15,296 3,752 28,910 73,402  237,896 
Special Mention286 784   281 632   1,983 
Substandard178  490  94 1,152   1,914 
Total Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers44,910 37,083 36,281 15,296 4,127 30,694 73,402  241,793 
Real estate loans:
Construction
Pass366,414 301,986 117,541 11,428 857 3,224 17,167  818,617 
Special Mention16,922        16,922 
Substandard31     12   43 
Total Construction383,367 301,986 117,541 11,428 857 3,236 17,167  835,582 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied
Pass560,146 603,254 550,605 168,701 116,859 190,264 31,196 3,803 2,224,828 
Special Mention49,439 4,026 38,268 18,785 11,546 17,992   140,056 
Substandard21,123 8,128 8,026  4,442 872   42,591 
Total Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied630,708 615,408 596,899 187,486 132,847 209,128 31,196 3,803 2,407,475 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied
Pass260,725 316,665 330,441 114,015 63,816 81,286 33,123 3,378 1,203,449 
Special Mention7,744 6,125 2,245 3,481 1,210 2,984 1,328  25,117 
Substandard3,124 1,214 2,376 1,608 2,920 6,720   17,962 
Total Commercial real estate, owner occupied271,593 324,004 335,062 119,104 67,946 90,990 34,451 3,378 1,246,528 
Residential
Pass758,161 489,301 401,353 114,420 77,768 229,812 5,365 46 2,076,226 
Special Mention2,839 2,924 1,972 513 396 2,588 34  11,266 
Substandard1,399 1,824 1,811 805 1,468 1,741 60 55 9,163 
Total Residential762,399 494,049 405,136 115,738 79,632 234,141 5,459 101 2,096,655 
Home equity
Pass40,768 75,670 14,621 1,572 1,348 3,325 486,924 281 624,509 
Special Mention    115 8 3,698  3,821 
Substandard 79   65 60 2,098  2,302 
Total Home Equity40,768 75,749 14,621 1,572 1,528 3,393 492,720 281 630,632 
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures
Pass67,883 43,639 13,025 5,389 5,830 3,775 35,091  174,632 
Special Mention178 134 77 33 28 17 16  483 
Substandard1  3  84 8   96 
Total Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures68,062 43,773 13,105 5,422 5,942 3,800 35,107  175,211 
Public finance and other commercial loans
Pass187,125 212,702 165,019 98,687 43,760 204,719 20,880  932,892 
Total Public finance and other commercial loans187,125 212,702 165,019 98,687 43,760 204,719 20,880  932,892 
Loans$3,483,295 $2,680,834 $1,843,080 $686,065 $385,461 $828,159 $2,084,096 $12,904 $12,003,894 
20


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


Total past due loans equaled $76.3 million as of September 30, 2023 representing a $25.3 million increase from $51.0 million at December 31, 2022. The 30-59 days past due loans decreased $3.2 million from December 31, 2022. The 60-89 days past due loans increased $12.7 million from December 31, 2022 as commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, owner occupied and residential segments increased $2.8 million, $1.2 million and $8.1 million, respectively. The 90 days or more past due loans increased $15.8 million from December 31, 2022 as commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, non-owner occupied and residential segments increased $6.9 million, $5.9 million and $3.1 million, respectively. The tables below show a past due aging of the Corporation’s loan portfolio, by loan class, as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2023
Current30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days or More Past DueTotalLoans > 90 Days or More Past Due
And Accruing
Commercial and industrial loans$3,474,368 $4,005 $3,224 $9,356 $3,490,953 $12 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers233,811   27 233,838  
Real estate loans:
Construction1,021,537 300 424  1,022,261  
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied2,343,002 4,603 1,913 11,078 2,360,596  
Commercial real estate, owner occupied1,150,029 2,368 1,225 85 1,153,707  
Residential2,227,184 10,884 10,405 8,912 2,257,385 39 
Home equity602,829 2,878 1,325 2,320 609,352 38 
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures175,605 773 145  176,523  
Public finance and other commercial loans966,774 33   966,807  
Loans$12,195,139 $25,844 $18,661 $31,778 $12,271,422 $89 


December 31, 2022
Current30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days or More Past DueTotalLoans > 90 Days or More Past Due
And Accruing
Commercial and industrial loans$3,429,314 $4,904 $434 $2,474 $3,437,126 $1,147 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers241,739   54 241,793  
Real estate loans:
Construction832,716 2,436 418 12 835,582  
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied2,395,495 5,946 881 5,153 2,407,475 264 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied1,241,714 4,495  319 1,246,528  
Residential2,079,959 8,607 2,278 5,811 2,096,655  
Home equity624,543 2,206 1,782 2,101 630,632 326 
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures174,629 343 142 97 175,211  
Public finance and other commercial loans932,778 114   932,892  
Loans$11,952,887 $29,051 $5,935 $16,021 $12,003,894 $1,737 


Loans are reclassified to a nonaccruing status when, in management’s judgment, the collateral value and financial condition of the borrower do not justify accruing interest. At the time the accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed against earnings. Interest income accrued in prior years, if any, is charged to the allowance for credit losses. Payments subsequently received on nonaccrual loans are applied to principal. A loan is returned to accrual status when principal and interest are no longer past due and collectability is probable, typically after a minimum of six consecutive months of performance.

The following table summarizes the Corporation’s nonaccrual loans by loan class as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Nonaccrual LoansNonaccrual Loans with no Allowance for Credit LossesNonaccrual LoansNonaccrual Loans with no Allowance for Credit Losses
Commercial and industrial loans$14,737 $1,020 $3,292 $481 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers61  54  
Real estate loans:
Construction724  12  
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied11,575 11,293 19,374 280 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied3,125 2,314 3,550 2,784 
Residential20,244  13,685 702 
Home equity2,534  2,247  
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures102  110  
Loans$53,102 $14,627 $42,324 $4,247 
21


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


Interest income on nonaccrual loans is recognized only to the extent that cash payments are received in excess of principal due. There was no interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 or 2022.

Determining fair value for collateral dependent loans requires obtaining a current independent appraisal of the collateral and applying a discount factor, which includes selling costs if applicable, to the value. The fair value of real estate is generally based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers. The appraisers typically determine the value of the real estate by utilizing an income or market valuation approach. If an appraisal is not available, the fair value may be determined by using a cash flow analysis. Fair value on other collateral such as business assets is typically ascertained by assessing, either singularly or some combination of, asset appraisals, accounts receivable aging reports, inventory listings and or customer financial statements. Both appraised values and values based on borrower’s financial information are discounted as considered appropriate based on age and quality of the information and current market conditions.

The tables below present the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans by loan class and their respective collateral type, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses. The total collateral dependent loan balance decreased $9.5 million, primarily related to a $9.4 million decrease in commercial real estate, non-owner occupied for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The total related allowance balance increased $3.4 million, primarily related to an increase of $6.2 million in commercial and industrial, offset by a $2.0 million decrease in commercial real estate, non-owner occupied for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
September 30, 2023
Commercial Real EstateResidential Real EstateOtherTotal Allowance on Collateral Dependent Loans
Commercial and industrial loans$ $ $39,343 $39,343 $14,542 
Real estate loans:
Construction 8  8 1 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied17,145   17,145 57 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied10,568   10,568  
Residential 1,464  1,464 235 
Home equity 227  227 31 
Loans$27,713 $1,699 $39,343 $68,755 $14,866 


December 31, 2022
Commercial Real EstateResidential Real EstateOtherTotal Allowance on Collateral Dependent Loans
Commercial and industrial loans$ $ $42,101 $42,101 $8,367 
Real estate loans:
Construction 10  10 1 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied26,534   26,534 2,064 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied6,986   6,986 776 
Residential 2,382  2,382 260 
Home equity 289  289 44 
Loans$33,520 $2,681 $42,101 $78,302 $11,512 


In certain situations, the Corporation may modify the terms of a loan to a debtor experiencing financial difficulty. The modifications may include principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, payment delays, term extensions or combinations of the above. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans at September 30, 2023 that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, by class and by type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivable is also presented below.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
Payment DelayTerm ExtensionCombination Interest Rate Reduction & Term ExtensionCombination Payment Delay & Term Extension% of Total Class of Financing Receivable
Commercial and industrial loans$908 $7,734 $134 $ 0.25 %
Real estate loans:
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied 11,823   0.50 %
Commercial real estate, owner occupied 6,950   0.60 %
Home equity 63   0.01 %
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures   1  %
Total$908 $26,570 $134 $1 
22


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)



Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
Payment DelayTerm ExtensionCombination Interest Rate Reduction & Term ExtensionCombination Payment Delay & Term Extension% of Total Class of Financing Receivable
Commercial and industrial loans$908 $14,822 $239 $ 0.46 %
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers 34   0.01 %
Real estate loans:
Construction 13    %
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied 11,823 5,942  0.75 %
Commercial real estate, owner occupied5,602 8,642 75  1.24 %
Residential   472 0.02 %
Home equity 63   0.01 %
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures   1  %
Total$6,510 $35,397 $6,256 $473 


The following tables present the financial effect of the loan modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Financial Effect of Loan Modifications
Payment DelayTerm ExtensionCombination Interest Rate Reduction & Term ExtensionCombination Payment Delay & Term Extension
Commercial and industrial loans
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $24,000.
Extended loans by a weighted average of 8 months
Reduced the weighted average contractual interest rate from 10.75% to 7.62%. Extended loans by a weighted average of 14 months.
Real estate loans:
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied
Extended loans by a weighted average of 11 months.
Commercial real estate, owner occupied
Extended loans by a weighted average of 4 months.
Residential
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $300. Extended loans by a weighted average of 3 months.
Home equity
Extended loans by a weighted average of 5 months.
23


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Financial Effect of Loan Modifications
Payment DelayTerm ExtensionCombination Interest Rate Reduction & Term ExtensionCombination Payment Delay & Term Extension
Commercial and industrial loans
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $24,000
Extended loans by a weighted average of 8 months.
Reduced the weighted average contractual interest rate from 9.66% to 7.39%. Extended loans by a weighted average of 13 months.
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers
Extended loans by a weighted average of 60 months.
Real estate loans:
Construction
Extended loans by a weighted average of 24 months.
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied
Extended loans by a weighted average of 10 months.
Reduced the weighted average contractual interest rate from 7.81% to 7.40%. Extended loans by a weighted average of 41 months.
Commercial real estate, owner occupied
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $4.5 million.
Extended loans by a weighted average of 4 months.
Reduced the weighted average contractual interest rate from 10.25% to 6.61%. Extended loans by a weighted average of 114 months.
Residential
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts $3,400. Extended loans by a weighted average of 3 months.
Home equity
Extended loans by a weighted average of 5 months.
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts $300. Extended loans by a weighted average of 3 months.


The following tables present the amortized cost basis and payment status of loans that were modified during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 due to the borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Payment Status
Current30-89 Days Past Due
Commercial and industrial loans$8,776 $ 
Real estate loans:
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied11,823  
Commercial real estate, owner occupied6,950  
Home equity63  
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures 1 
Total$27,612 $1 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Payment Status
Current30-89 Days Past Due
Commercial and industrial loans$15,863 $106 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers34  
Real estate loans:
Construction13  
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied17,765  
Commercial real estate, owner occupied13,157 1,162 
Residential472  
Home equity63  
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures 1 
Total$47,367 $1,269 

Upon the Corporation's determination that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or portion of the loan) is written off. Therefore, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted by the same amount.
24


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


Purchased Credit Deteriorated Loans

The Corporation acquired Level One on April 1, 2022 and performed an evaluation of the loan portfolio in which there were loans that, at acquisition, had more than an insignificant amount of credit quality deterioration. The carrying amount of those loans is shown in the table below:
Level One
Purchase price of loans at acquisition$41,347 
CECL Day 1 PCD ACL 16,599 
Par value of acquired loans at acquisition$57,946 

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

The Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans ("ACL - Loans") is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans to present the net amount expected to be collected on loans over the contractual term. The ACL - Loans is adjusted by the provision for credit losses, which is reported in earnings, and reduced by charge offs for loans, net of recoveries. Provision for credit losses on loans reflects the totality of actions taken on all loans for a particular period including any necessary increases or decreases in the allowance related to changes in credit loss expectations associated with specific loans or pools of loans. Loans are charged off against the allowance when the uncollectibility of the loan is confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged off and expected to be charged off.

The allowance represents the Corporation’s best estimate of current expected credit losses on loans using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, related to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. The current expected credit loss ("CECL") calculation is performed and evaluated quarterly and losses are estimated over the expected life of the loan. The level of the allowance for credit losses is believed to be adequate to absorb all expected future losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the measurement date.

In calculating the allowance for credit losses, the loan portfolio was pooled into ten loan segments with similar risk characteristics. Common characteristics include the type or purpose of the loan, underlying collateral and historical/expected credit loss patterns. In developing the loan segments, the Corporation analyzed the degree of correlation in how loans within each portfolio respond when subjected to varying economic conditions and scenarios as well as other portfolio stress factors.

The expected credit losses are measured over the life of each loan segment utilizing the Probability of Default / Loss Given Default methodology combined with economic forecast models to estimate the current expected credit loss inherent in the loan portfolio. This approach is also leveraged to estimate the expected credit losses associated with unfunded loan commitments incorporating expected utilization rates.

The Corporation sub-segmented certain commercial portfolios by risk level and certain consumer portfolios by delinquency status where appropriate. The Corporation utilized a four-quarter reasonable and supportable economic forecast period followed by a six-quarter, straight-line reversion period to the historical macroeconomic mean for the remaining life of the loans. Econometric modeling was performed using historical default rates and a selection of economic forecast scenarios published by Moody’s to develop a range of estimated credit losses for which to determine the best credit loss estimate within. Macroeconomic factors utilized in the modeling process include the national unemployment rate, BBB US corporate index, CRE price index and the home price index.

The Corporation qualitatively adjusts model results for risk factors that are not inherently considered in the quantitative modeling process, but are nonetheless relevant in assessing the expected credit losses within the loan portfolio. These adjustments may increase or decrease the estimate of expected credit losses based upon the assessed level of risk for each qualitative factor. The various risks that may be considered in making qualitative adjustments include, among other things, the impact of (i) changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, (ii) changes in the existence, growth and effect of any concentrations in credit, (iii) changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and practices for collections, write-offs, and recoveries, (iv) changes in the quality of the credit review function, (v) changes in the experience, ability and depth of lending management and staff, and (vi) other environmental factors of a borrower such as regulatory, legal and technological considerations, as well as competition. At CECL adoption, the Corporation established certain qualitative factors that were expected to correlate to losses within the loan portfolio. During a scheduled review of qualitative factors in the third quarter of 2023, the Corporation determined there had been no evidence of correlation to losses for the one qualitative factor that included i) changes in experience, ability and depth of lending management and staff; ii) changes in lending policies and procedures; and iii) changes in the quality of the credit review function. The Corporation decided to refine this qualitative factor by separating it into three individual qualitative factors in order to improve our ability to assess risk for the three different factors and enhance our ability to correlate to losses. The Corporation’s evaluation resulted in an insignificant change to the ACL – Loans estimate.

In some cases, management may determine that an individual loan exhibits unique risk characteristics which differentiate the loan from other loans within the loan segments. In such cases, the loans are evaluated for expected credit losses on an individual basis and excluded from the collective evaluation. Specific reserve allocations of the allowance for credit losses are determined by analyzing the borrower’s ability to repay amounts owed, collateral deficiencies, the relative risk grade of the loan and economic conditions affecting the borrower’s industry, among other things. A loan is considered to be collateral dependent when, based upon management's assessment, the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. In such cases, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the measurement date, adjusted for estimated selling costs if satisfaction of the loan depends on the sale of the collateral. The fair value of collateral supporting collateral dependent loans is evaluated on a quarterly basis.

25


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


The risk characteristics of the Corporation’s portfolio segments are as follows:

Commercial
Commercial lending is primarily based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial loans are secured by the tangible assets being financed such as equipment or real estate or other business assets such as accounts receivable or inventory and may incorporate a personal guarantee. Other loans may be unsecured, secured but under-collateralized or otherwise made on the basis of the enterprise value of an organization. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers.

Commercial real estate
Commercial real estate loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts and the repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. The Corporation monitors commercial real estate loans based on collateral and risk grade criteria, as well as the levels of owner-occupied versus non-owner occupied loans.

Construction
Construction loans are underwritten utilizing a combination of tools and techniques including feasibility and market studies, independent appraisals and appraisal reviews, absorption and interest rate sensitivity analysis as well as the financial analysis of the developer and all guarantors. Construction loans are monitored by either in house or third party inspectors limiting advances to a percentage of costs or stabilized project value. These loans frequently involve the disbursement of significant funds with the repayment dependent upon the successful completion and, where necessary, the future stabilization of the project. The predominant inherent risk of this portfolio is associated with the borrower's ability to successfully complete a project on time, within budget and stabilize the projected as originally projected.

Consumer and Residential
With respect to residential loans that are secured by 1-4 family residences, which are typically owner occupied, the Corporation generally establishes a maximum loan-to-value ratio and requires private mortgage insurance if that ratio is exceeded. Home equity loans are secured by a subordinate interest in 1-4 family residences, and consumer loans are secured by consumer assets such as automobiles or recreational vehicles. Some consumer loans, such as small installment loans and certain lines of credit, are unsecured. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income and credit rating of the borrowers and can also be impacted by changes in property values. Risk is mitigated by the fact that the loans are of smaller individual amounts and spread over a large number of borrowers.

The allowance for credit losses decreased $15.4 million and $17.5 million, due to net charge-offs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. There were two large commercial and industrial loan charge-offs of $13.7 million and $5.4 million in the third quarter of 2023. These charge-offs, along with related specific reserves, materially represent the entire credit risk on the loans that were idiosyncratic in nature and are not indicative of a larger portfolio credit issue. There was $5.0 million in provision for credit losses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The allowance for credit losses increased $427,000 and $31.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily due to $16.6 million of allowance for credit losses on PCD loans acquired in the Level One acquisition established through accounting adjustments on the acquisition date. In addition, $14.0 million was recorded to establish an allowance for credit losses on non-PCD loans acquired in the Level One acquisition. The following tables summarize changes in the allowance for credit losses by loan segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
CommercialCommercial Real EstateConstructionConsumer & ResidentialTotal
Allowance for credit losses
Balances, June 30, 2023$108,373 $39,157 $30,073 $43,544 $221,147 
Provision for credit losses3,020 4,901 140 (3,061)5,000 
Recoveries on loans179   367 546 
Loans charged off(19,833)  (1,078)(20,911)
Balances, September 30, 2023$91,739 $44,058 $30,213 $39,772 $205,782 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
CommercialCommercial Real EstateConstructionConsumer & ResidentialTotal
Allowance for credit losses
Balances, December 31, 2022$102,216 $46,839 $28,955 $45,267 $223,277 
Provision for credit losses9,460 (2,833)1,258 (2,885)5,000 
Recoveries on loans775 56  1,004 1,835 
Loans charged off(20,712)(4) (3,614)(24,330)
Balances, September 30, 2023$91,739 $44,058 $30,213 $39,772 $205,782 
26


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
CommercialCommercial Real EstateConstructionConsumer & ResidentialTotal
Allowance for credit losses
Balances, June 30, 2022$94,228 $55,328 $27,401 $49,318 $226,275 
Provision for credit losses10,142 (7,054)186 (3,274) 
Recoveries on loans81 188 824 222 1,315 
Loans charged off(306)(1) (581)(888)
Balances, September 30, 2022$104,145 $48,461 $28,411 $45,685 $226,702 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
CommercialCommercial Real EstateConstructionConsumer & ResidentialTotal
Allowance for credit losses
Balances, December 31, 2021$69,935 $60,665 $20,206 $44,591 $195,397 
Provision for credit losses18,518 (21,697)5,862 (2,683) 
CECL Day 1 non-PCD provision for credit losses2,957 5,539 871 4,588 13,955 
CECL Day 1 PCD ACL12,970 2,981 648  16,599 
Recoveries on loans789 1,096 824 827 3,536 
Loans charged off(1,024)(123) (1,638)(2,785)
Balances, September 30, 2022$104,145 $48,461 $28,411 $45,685 $226,702 


Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, Commitments And Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Corporation has entered into off-balance sheet financial instruments which include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Commitments to extend credit are usually the result of lines of credit granted to existing borrowers under agreements that the total outstanding indebtedness will not exceed a specific amount during the term of the indebtedness. Typical borrowers are commercial customers that use lines of credit to supplement their treasury management functions, and thus their total outstanding indebtedness may fluctuate during any time period based on the seasonality of their business and the resultant timing for their cash flows. Other typical lines of credit are related to home equity loans granted to customers. Commitments to extend credit generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses that may require a fee.

Standby letters of credit are generally issued on behalf of an applicant (the Corporation’s customer) to a specifically named beneficiary and are the result of a particular business arrangement that exists between the applicant and the beneficiary. Standby letters of credit have fixed expiration dates and are usually for terms of two years or less unless terminated beforehand due to criteria specified in the standby letter of credit. The standby letter of credit would permit the beneficiary to obtain payment from the Corporation under certain prescribed circumstances. Subsequently, the Corporation would seek reimbursement from the applicant pursuant to the terms of the standby letter of credit.

The Corporation typically follows the same credit policies and underwriting practices when making these commitments as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. Each customer’s creditworthiness is typically evaluated on a case-by-case basis, and the amount of collateral obtained, if any, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral held varies but may include cash, real estate, marketable securities, accounts receivable, inventory, equipment and personal property.

The contractual amounts of these commitments are not reflected in the consolidated financial statements and only amounts drawn upon would be reflected in the future. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the contractual amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. However, should the commitments be drawn upon and should the Corporation’s customers default on their resulting obligation to the Corporation, the maximum exposure to credit loss, without consideration of collateral, is represented by the contractual amount of those commitments.

Financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk were as follows:
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Amounts of commitments:
Loan commitments to extend credit$5,074,572 $4,950,724 
Standby letters of credit$39,812 $40,784 


27


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


The adoption of the CECL methodology for measuring credit losses on January 1, 2021 resulted in an accrual for off-balance sheet commitments of $20.5 million. The Level One acquisition was responsible for an additional $2.8 million of provision for credit losses associated with off-balance sheet commitments, resulting in a total allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet commitments of $23.3 million. Reserves for unfunded commitments were reduced by $3.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 due to a decline in unfunded commitment balances, resulting in a decrease in the reserve to $20.3 million. This reserve level is deemed appropriate by the Corporation and is reported in Other Liabilities as of September 30, 2023 in the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets.

The table below reflects the total allowance for credit losses for the off-balance sheet commitment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2023September 30, 2022September 30, 2023September 30, 2022
Balance at beginning of the period$23,300 $23,300 $23,300 $20,500 
Provision for credit losses - unfunded commitments related to Level One   2,800 
Provision for credit losses - unfunded commitments(3,000) (3,000) 
Ending balance$20,300 $23,300 $20,300 $23,300 


NOTE 5

GOODWILL

Goodwill is recorded on the acquisition date of an entity. The Corporation has one year after the acquisition date, the measurement period, to record subsequent adjustments to goodwill for provisional amounts recorded at the acquisition date. The Level One acquisition on April 1, 2022 resulted in $166.6 million of goodwill. Details regarding the Level One acquisition are discussed in NOTE 2. ACQUISITIONS of these Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements. There have been no changes in goodwill since December 31, 2022. As such, the balance as of September 30, 2023 was $712.0 million.
2022
Balance, January 1$545,385 
Goodwill acquired166,617 
Balance, December 31$712,002 


NOTE 6

OTHER INTANGIBLES

Core deposit intangibles and other intangibles are recorded on the acquisition date of an entity. The Corporation has one year after the acquisition date, the measurement period, to record subsequent adjustments to these intangibles for provisional amounts recorded at the acquisition date. The Level One acquisition on April 1, 2022 resulted in a core deposit intangible of $17.2 million and other intangibles, consisting of non-compete intangibles, of $1.4 million. Details regarding the Level One acquisition are discussed in NOTE 2. ACQUISITIONS of these Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements. The carrying basis and accumulated amortization of recognized core deposit intangibles and other intangibles are noted below.

September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Gross carrying amount$123,285 $104,643 
Other intangibles acquired 18,642 
Accumulated amortization(94,004)(87,443)
Total core deposit and other intangibles$29,281 $35,842 



28


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


The core deposit intangibles and other intangibles are being amortized primarily on an accelerated basis over their estimated useful lives, generally over a period of two years to ten years. Intangible amortization expenses for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $2.2 million and $6.6 million, respectively. This was compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 which were $2.3 million and $6.0 million, respectively. Estimated future amortization expense is summarized as follows:
Amortization Expense
2023$2,183 
20247,271 
20256,028 
20264,910 
20273,603 
After 20275,286 
$29,281 


NOTE 7

DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

The Corporation is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions.  The Corporation principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Corporation manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk, primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and through the use of derivative financial instruments.  Specifically, the Corporation enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates.  The Corporation’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Corporation’s known or expected cash payments principally related to certain variable-rate liabilities.  The Corporation also has derivatives that are a result of a service the Corporation provides to certain qualifying customers, and, therefore, are not used to manage interest rate risk in the Corporation’s assets or liabilities.  The Corporation manages a matched book with respect to its derivative instruments offered as a part of this service to its customers in order to minimize its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions.

Derivatives Designated as Hedges

The Corporation’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish these objectives, the Corporation primarily uses interest rate swaps and interest rate caps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy.  Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the payment of fixed amounts to a counterparty in exchange for the Corporation receiving variable payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Interest rate caps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty if interest rates rise above the strike rate on the contract in exchange for an up-front premium. As of December 31, 2022, the Corporation had one interest rate swap with a notional amount of $10.0 million that was used to hedge the variable cash outflows (SOFR-based) associated with one Federal Home Loan Bank advance. This interest swap matured in the third quarter of 2023.

29


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. During 2023, $10.0 million of interest rate swaps were used to hedge the variable cash outflows (SOFR-based) associated with one Federal Home Loan Bank advance. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the derivatives is recognized directly in earnings. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Corporation did not recognize any ineffectiveness.

Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Corporation's variable-rate liabilities. During the next twelve months, the Corporation doesn't expect to reclassify income (loss) from accumulated other comprehensive loss to interest income.

The following table summarizes the Corporation's derivatives designated as hedges:

 Asset DerivativesLiability Derivatives
 September 30, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
 Balance
Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
Balance
Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
Balance
Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
Balance
Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
Cash flow hedges:        
Interest rate swaps on borrowingsOther Assets$ Other Assets$164 Other Liabilities$ Other Liabilities$ 

The amount of gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) is included in the table below for the periods indicated.
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging RelationshipsAmount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Derivatives
 (Effective Portion)
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2023September 30, 2022September 30, 2023September 30, 2022
Interest Rate Products$(66)$94 $(179)$507 

The amount of gain (loss) reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) into income related to cash flow hedging relationships is included in the table below for the periods indicated.
Derivatives Designated as
Hedging Instruments
Location of Gain (Loss)
Recognized Income on
Derivative
Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassed from Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Income (Effective Portion)
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2023
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2022
Interest rate contractsInterest Expense$ $(78)
Derivatives Designated as
Hedging Instruments
Location of Gain (Loss)
Recognized Income on
Derivative
Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassed from Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Income (Effective Portion)
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2023
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2022
Interest rate contractsInterest Expense$(15)$(496)


Non-designated Hedges

The Corporation does not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.  Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and result from a service the Corporation provides to certain customers. The Corporation executes interest rate swaps with commercial banking customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies.  Those interest rate swaps are simultaneously hedged by offsetting interest rate swaps that the Corporation executes with a third party, such that the Corporation minimizes its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions.  As the interest rate swaps associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer swaps and the offsetting swaps are recognized directly in earnings. 

Commitments to fund certain mortgage loans (interest rate locks) to be sold into the secondary market and forward commitments for the future delivery of mortgage loans to third party investors are considered derivatives. It is the Corporation's practice to enter into forward commitments for the future delivery of residential mortgage loans when interest rate lock commitments are entered into in order to economically hedge the effect of changes in interest rates resulting from its commitments to fund the loans. These mortgage banking derivatives are not designated in hedge relationships. Fair values were estimated based on changes in mortgage interest rates from the date of the commitments. Changes in the fair value of these mortgage banking derivatives are included in net gains and fees on sales of loans.


30


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


The table below presents the fair value of the Corporation’s non-designated hedges, as well as their classification on the Balance Sheet, as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Notional AmountFair ValueNotional AmountFair Value
Included in other assets:
Interest rate swaps$1,321,737 $113,691 $1,184,866 $92,652 
Forward contracts related to mortgage loans to be delivered for sale66,30176814,406188
Interest rate lock commitments10,761825,04932
Included in other assets$1,398,799 $114,541 $1,204,321 $92,872 
Included in other liabilities:
Interest rate swaps$1,321,737 $113,740 $1,184,866 $92,652 
Forward contracts related to mortgage loans to be delivered for sale14,847364,48363
Interest rate lock commitments29,3342387,54955
Included in other liabilities$1,365,918 $114,014 $1,196,898 $92,770 


In the normal course of business, the Corporation may decide to settle a forward contract rather than fulfill the contract. Cash received or paid in this settlement manner is included in "Net gains and fees on sales of loans" in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income and is considered a cost of executing a forward contract. The amount of gain (loss) recognized into income related to non-designated hedging instruments is included in the table below for the periods indicated.

Derivatives Not Designated as
Hedging Instruments
Location of Gain (Loss)
Recognized Income on
Derivative
Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized into Income on
Derivatives
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2023
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2022
Forward contracts related to mortgage loans to be delivered for saleNet gains and fees on sales of loans$982 $237 
Interest rate lock commitmentsNet gains and fees on sales of loans(100)(350)
Total net gain/(loss) recognized in income$882 $(113)
Derivatives Not Designated as
Hedging Instruments
Location of Gain (Loss)
Recognized Income on
Derivative
Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized into Income on
Derivatives
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2023
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2022
Forward contracts related to mortgage loans to be delivered for saleNet gains and fees on sales of loans$1,691 $993 
Interest rate lock commitmentsNet gains and fees on sales of loans(133)(235)
Total net gain/(loss) recognized in income$1,558 $758 

The Corporation’s exposure to credit risk occurs because of nonperformance by its counterparties.  The counterparties approved by the Corporation are usually financial institutions, which are well capitalized and have credit ratings through Moody’s and/or Standard & Poor’s at or above investment grade.  The Corporation’s control of such risk is through quarterly financial reviews, comparing mark-to-market values with policy limitations, credit ratings and collateral pledging.

Credit-risk-related Contingent Features

The Corporation has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Corporation fails to maintain its status as a well or adequately capitalized institution, then the Corporation could be required to terminate or fully collateralize all outstanding derivative contracts. Additionally, the Corporation has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Corporation defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Corporation could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations. As of September 30, 2023, the termination value of derivatives in a net liability position related to these agreements was $105,000, which resulted in no collateral pledged to counterparties as of September 30, 2023. While the Corporation did not breach any of these provisions as of September 30, 2023, if it had, the Corporation could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at their termination value.









31


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


NOTE 8 

FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Corporation used fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. The accounting guidance defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.  ASC 820 applies only when other guidance requires or permits assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value; it does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances.

As defined in ASC 820, fair value is the price to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. It represents an exit price at the measurement date. Market participants are buyers and sellers, who are independent, knowledgeable, and willing and able to transact in the principal (or most advantageous) market for the asset or liability being measured. Current market conditions, including imbalances between supply and demand, are considered in determining fair value. The Corporation values its assets and liabilities in the principal market where it sells the particular asset or transfers the liability with the greatest volume and level of activity. In the absence of a principal market, the valuation is based on the most advantageous market for the asset or liability (i.e., the market where the asset could be sold or the liability transferred at a price that maximizes the amount to be received for the asset or minimizes the amount to be paid to transfer the liability).

Valuation inputs refer to the assumptions market participants would use in pricing a given asset or liability. Inputs can be observable or unobservable. Observable inputs are those assumptions which market participants would use in pricing the particular asset or liability. These inputs are based on market data and are obtained from a source independent of the Corporation. Unobservable inputs are assumptions based on the Corporation’s own information or estimate of assumptions used by market participants in pricing the asset or liability. Unobservable inputs are based on the best and most current information available on the measurement date. All inputs, whether observable or unobservable, are ranked in accordance with a prescribed fair value hierarchy which gives the highest ranking to quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest ranking to unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market activity (Level 3). Fair values for assets or liabilities classified as Level 2 are based on one or a combination of the following factors: (i) quoted prices for similar assets; (ii) observable inputs for the asset or liability, such as interest rates or yield curves; or (iii) inputs derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. The level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Corporation considers an input to be significant if it drives 10 percent or more of the total fair value of a particular asset or liability.

RECURRING MEASUREMENTS

Assets and liabilities are considered to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis if fair value is measured regularly (i.e., daily, weekly, monthly or quarterly). Recurring valuation occurs at a minimum on the measurement date. Assets and liabilities are considered to be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis if the fair value measurement of the instrument does not necessarily result in a change in the amount recorded on the balance sheet. Generally, nonrecurring valuation is the result of the application of other accounting pronouncements which require assets or liabilities to be assessed for impairment and recorded at the lower of cost or fair value. The fair value of assets or liabilities transferred in or out of Level 3 is measured on the transfer date, with any additional changes in fair value subsequent to the transfer considered to be realized or unrealized gains or losses.

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis and recognized in the
accompanying balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

Investment Securities

Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 securities include U.S. Treasury securities. Where significant observable inputs, other than Level 1 quoted prices, are available, securities are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 2 securities include U.S. Government-sponsored agency and mortgage-backed securities, state and municipal securities and corporate obligations securities. In certain cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy and include state and municipal securities, U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities and corporate obligations securities. Level 3 fair value for securities was determined using a discounted cash flow model that incorporated market estimates of interest rates and volatility in markets that have not been active.

Third party vendors compile prices from various sources and may apply such techniques as matrix pricing to determine the value of identical or similar investment securities (Level 2). Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique widely used in the banking industry to value investment securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for specific investment securities but rather relying on the investment securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted investment securities. Any investment security not valued based upon the methods above are considered Level 3.


32


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


Derivative Financial Agreements

See information regarding the Corporation’s derivative financial agreements in NOTE 7. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS of these Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

The following table presents the fair value measurements of assets and liabilities recognized in the accompanying balance sheets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the level within the ASC 820-10 fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

  Fair Value Measurements Using:
September 30, 2023Fair ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Available for sale securities:    
U.S. Treasury$1,713 $1,713 $ $ 
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities93,585  93,585  
State and municipal973,056  969,863 3,193 
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities419,963  419,959 4 
Corporate obligations11,819  11,788 31 
Derivative assets114,541  114,541  
Derivative liabilities114,014  114,014  

  Fair Value Measurements Using:
December 31, 2022Fair ValueQuoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Available for sale securities:    
U.S. Treasury$2,459 $2,459 $ $ 
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities101,962  101,962  
State and municipal1,351,760  1,348,356 3,404 
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities508,273  508,269 4 
Corporate obligations12,207  12,176 31 
Derivative assets93,036  93,036  
Derivative liabilities92,770  92,770  


Level 3 Reconciliation

The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of recurring fair value measurements recognized in the accompanying
balance sheets using significant unobservable Level 3 inputs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
 Available for Sale Securities
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
 September 30, 2023September 30, 2022September 30, 2023September 30, 2022
Balance at beginning of the period$3,348 $8,630 $3,439 $5,491 
Included in other comprehensive income(30)29 (28)(597)
Purchases, issuances and settlements   5,111 
Principal payments(90)(3,152)(183)(4,498)
Ending balance $3,228 $5,507 $3,228 $5,507 


There were no gains or losses included in earnings that were attributable to the changes in unrealized gains or losses related to assets or
liabilities held at September 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.


33


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


Transfers Between Levels

There were no transfers in or out of Level 3 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
Nonrecurring Measurements

Following is a description of valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and recognized in the accompanying balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
  Fair Value Measurements Using
September 30, 2023Fair ValueQuoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Collateral dependent loans$50,607 $ $ $50,607 
Other real estate owned362   362 
  Fair Value Measurements Using
December 31, 2022Fair ValueQuoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
 Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Collateral dependent loans$55,290 $ $ $55,290 

Collateral Dependent Loans and Other Real Estate Owned

Determining fair value for collateral dependent loans and other real estate requires obtaining a current independent appraisal of the collateral and applying a discount factor, which includes selling costs if applicable, to the value. The fair value of real estate is generally based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers. The appraisers typically determine the value of the real estate by utilizing an income or market valuation approach. If an appraisal is not available, the fair value may be determined by using a cash flow analysis. Fair value on other collateral such as business assets is typically ascertained by assessing, either singularly or some combination of, asset appraisals, accounts receivable aging reports, inventory listings and or customer financial statements. Both appraised values and values based on borrower’s financial information are discounted as considered appropriate based on age and quality of the information and current market conditions.

Unobservable (Level 3) Inputs

The following tables present quantitative information about unobservable inputs used in recurring and nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements, other than goodwill, at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

September 30, 2023Fair ValueValuation TechniqueUnobservable InputsRange (Weighted-Average)
State and municipal securities$3,193 Discounted cash flowMaturity/Call date
1 month to 15 years
   US Muni BQ curve
BBB
   Discount rate
4.2% - 5.1%
Weighted-average coupon
3.3%
Corporate obligations and U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities$35 Discounted cash flowRisk free rate
3 month CME Term SOFR plus 26bps
   plus premium for illiquidity (basis points)
plus 200bps
Weighted-average coupon
0%
Collateral dependent loans$50,607 Collateral based measurementsDiscount to reflect current market conditions and ultimate collectability
0% - 10%
  Weighted-average discount by loan balance
4.8%
Other real estate owned$362 AppraisalsDiscount to reflect current market conditions
0% - 10%
Weighted-average discount of other real estate owned balance
7.2%
34


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


December 31, 2022Fair ValueValuation TechniqueUnobservable InputsRange (Weighted-Average)
State and municipal securities$3,404 Discounted cash flowMaturity/Call date
1 month to 15 years
   US Muni BQ curve
A- to BBB
   Discount rate
0.4% - 4%
Weighted-average coupon
3.4%
Corporate obligations and U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities$35 Discounted cash flowRisk free rate
3 month LIBOR
   plus premium for illiquidity (basis points)
plus 200bps
Weighted-average coupon
0%
Collateral dependent loans$55,290 Collateral based measurementsDiscount to reflect current market conditions and ultimate collectability
0% - 10%
Weighted-average discount by loan balance
1.1%


The following is a discussion of the sensitivity of significant unobservable inputs, the interrelationships between those inputs and other unobservable inputs used in recurring fair value measurement and how those inputs might magnify or mitigate the effect of changes in the unobservable inputs on the fair value measurement.

State and Municipal Securities, Corporate Obligations and U.S. Government-sponsored Mortgage-Backed Securities

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Corporation's state and municipal securities, corporate obligations and U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities are premiums for unrated securities and marketability discounts. Significant increases or decreases in either of those inputs in isolation would result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement. Generally, changes in either of those inputs will not affect the other input.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table presents estimated fair values of the Corporation’s financial instruments and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
September 30, 2023
 Quoted Prices in Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Significant Unobservable
Inputs
 Carrying Amount(Level 1)(Level 2)(Level 3)Total Fair Value
Assets:    
Cash and due from banks$125,173 $125,173 $ $ $125,173 
Interest-bearing deposits348,639 348,639   348,639 
Investment securities available for sale1,500,136 1,713 1,495,195 3,228 1,500,136 
Investment securities held to maturity, net2,213,588  1,730,830 10,395 1,741,225 
Loans held for sale30,972  30,972  30,972 
Loans, net12,065,640   11,801,546 11,801,546 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock41,797  41,797  41,797 
Derivative assets114,541  114,541  114,541 
Interest receivable90,011  90,011  90,011 
Liabilities:    
Deposits$14,646,576 $12,524,202 $2,104,703 $ 14,628,905 
Borrowings:  
Securities sold under repurchase agreements152,537  152,523  152,523 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances713,384  695,425  695,425 
Subordinated debentures and other borrowings158,665  135,847  135,847 
Derivative liabilities114,014  114,014  114,014 
Interest payable16,473  16,473  16,473 
35


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


December 31, 2022
 Quoted Prices in Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Significant Unobservable
Inputs
 Carrying Amount(Level 1)(Level 2)(Level 3)Total Fair Value
Assets:    
Cash and due from banks$122,594 $122,594 $ $ $122,594 
Interest-bearing deposits126,061 126,061   126,061 
Investment securities available for sale1,976,661 2,459 1,970,763 3,439 1,976,661 
Investment securities held to maturity, net2,287,127  1,893,271 14,594 1,907,865 
Loans held for sale9,094  9,094  9,094 
Loans, net11,780,617   11,156,217 11,156,217 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock38,525  38,525  38,525 
Derivative assets93,036  93,036  93,036 
Interest receivable85,070  85,070  85,070 
Liabilities:
Deposits$14,382,745 $13,105,936 $1,251,017 $ 14,356,953 
Borrowings:
Federal funds purchased171,560  171,560  171,560 
Securities sold under repurchase agreements167,413  167,396  167,396 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances823,674  615,211  615,211 
Subordinated debentures and other borrowings151,298  122,102  122,102 
Derivative liabilities92,770  92,770  92,770 
Interest payable7,530  7,530  7,530 

NOTE 9

TRANSFERS ACCOUNTED FOR AS SECURED BORROWINGS

The collateral pledged for all repurchase agreements that are accounted for as secured borrowings as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were:
September 30, 2023
Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
Overnight and ContinuousUp to 30 Days30-90 DaysGreater Than 90 DaysTotal
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities$152,537 $ $ $ $152,537 
December 31, 2022
Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
Overnight and ContinuousUp to 30 Days30-90 DaysGreater Than 90 DaysTotal
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities$167,413 $ $ $ $167,413 

















36


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


NOTE 10
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
The following table summarizes the changes in the balances of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, as of September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Available for SaleUnrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow HedgesUnrealized Gains (Losses) on Defined Benefit PlansTotal
Balance at December 31, 2022$(234,495)$130 $(4,786)$(239,151)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications(71,633)(142) (71,775)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income3,644 12  3,656 
Period change(67,989)(130) (68,119)
Balance at September 30, 2023$(302,484)$ $(4,786)$(307,270)
Balance at December 31, 2021$59,774 $(660)$(4,001)$55,113 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications(369,096)400  (368,696)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income(898)392  (506)
Period change(369,994)792  (369,202)
Balance at September 30, 2022$(310,220)$132 $(4,001)$(314,089)


The following tables present the reclassification adjustments out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) that were included in net income in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) For the Three Months Ended September 30,
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components20232022Affected Line Item in the Statements of Income
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities (1)
Realized securities gains (losses) reclassified into income$(1,650)$481 Other income - net realized gains (losses) on sales of available for sale securities
Related income tax benefit (expense)346 (101)Income tax expense
$(1,304)$380 
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges (2)
Interest rate contracts$ $(78)Interest expense - subordinated debentures and term loans
Related income tax benefit (expense) 16 Income tax expense
$ $(62)
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax$(1,304)$318 

Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components20232022Affected Line Item in the Statements of Income
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities (1)
Realized securities gains reclassified into income$(4,613)$1,137 Other income - net realized gains on sales of available for sale securities
Related income tax benefit (expense)969 (239)Income tax expense
$(3,644)$898 
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges (2)
Interest rate contracts$(15)$(496)Interest expense - subordinated debentures and term loans
Related income tax benefit (expense)3 104 Income tax expense
$(12)$(392)
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax$(3,656)$506 

(1) For additional detail related to unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities and related amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income see NOTE 3. INVESTMENT SECURITIES of these Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.
(2) For additional detail related to unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges and related amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income see NOTE 7. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS of these Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.
37


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


NOTE 11

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Stock options and RSAs have been issued to directors, officers and other management employees under the Corporation's 2009 Long-term Equity Incentive Plan, the 2019 Long-term Equity Incentive Plan, the Level One Bancorp, Inc. 2007 Stock Option Plan and the Equity Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors. The stock options, which have a ten year life, become 100 percent vested based on time ranging from one year to two years and are fully exercisable when vested. Option exercise prices equal the Corporation's common stock closing price on NASDAQ on the date of grant. The RSAs issued to employees and non-employee directors provide for the issuance of shares of the Corporation's common stock at no cost to the holder and generally vest after three years.  The RSAs vest only if the employee is actively employed by the Corporation on the vesting date and, therefore, any unvested shares are forfeited.  For non-employee directors, the RSAs vest only if the non-employee director remains as an active board member on the vesting date and, therefore, any unvested shares are forfeited. The RSAs for employees and non-employee directors are either immediately vested at retirement, disability or death, or, continue to vest after retirement, disability or death, depending on the plan under which the shares were granted.

The Corporation’s 2019 ESPP provides eligible employees of the Corporation and its subsidiaries an opportunity to purchase shares of common stock of the Corporation through quarterly offerings financed by payroll deductions. The price of the stock to be paid by the employees shall be equal to 85 percent of the average of the closing price of the Corporation’s common stock on each trading day during the offering period. However, in no event shall such purchase price be less than the lesser of an amount equal to 85 percent of the market price of the Corporation’s stock on the offering date or an amount equal to 85 percent of the market value on the date of purchase. Common stock purchases are made quarterly and are paid through advance payroll deductions up to a calendar year maximum of $25,000.

Compensation expense related to unvested share-based awards is recorded by recognizing the unamortized grant date fair value of these awards over the remaining service periods of those awards, with no change in historical reported fair values and earnings.  Awards are valued at
fair value in accordance with provisions of share-based compensation guidance and are recognized on a straight-line basis over the service periods of each award. To complete the exercise of vested stock options, RSA’s and ESPP options, the Corporation generally issues new shares from its authorized but unissued share pool. Share-based compensation has been recognized as a component of salaries and benefits expense in the accompanying Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income.

Share-based compensation expense recognized in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income is based on awards ultimately expected to vest and is reduced for estimated forfeitures. Share-based compensation guidance requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods, if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Pre-vesting forfeitures were estimated to be approximately 0.2 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, based on historical experience.

The following table summarizes the components of the Corporation's share-based compensation awards recorded as an expense and the income tax benefit of such awards.
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2023202220232022
Stock and ESPP Options    
Pre-tax compensation expense$35 $15 $80 $64 
Income tax expense (benefit)  (62)(74)
Stock and ESPP option expense, net of income taxes$35 $15 $18 $(10)
Restricted Stock Awards    
Pre-tax compensation expense$1,325 $1,171 $3,712 $3,366 
Income tax expense (benefit)(393)(332)(906)(792)
Restricted stock awards expense, net of income taxes$932 $839 $2,806 $2,574 
Total Share-Based Compensation    
Pre-tax compensation expense$1,360 $1,186 $3,792 $3,430 
Income tax expense (benefit)(393)(332)(968)(866)
Total share-based compensation expense, net of income taxes$967 $854 $2,824 $2,564 


The grant date fair value of ESPP options was estimated to be approximately $35,000 at the beginning of the July 1, 2023 quarterly offering period. The ESPP options vested during the three months ending September 30, 2023, leaving no unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested ESPP options at September 30, 2023.


38


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


Stock option activity under the Corporation's stock option plans as of September 30, 2023 and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, were as follows:
 Number of
Shares
Weighted-Average Exercise PriceWeighted Average Remaining
Contractual Term
(in Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2023
155,100 $18.89   
Exercised(65,025)$17.07   
Outstanding September 30, 2023
90,075 $20.21 2.18$685,817 
Vested and Expected to Vest at September 30, 202390,075 $20.21 2.18$685,817 
Exercisable at September 30, 202390,075 $20.21 2.18$685,817 


The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the Corporation's closing stock price on the last trading day of the first nine months of 2023 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their stock options on September 30, 2023.  The amount of aggregate intrinsic value will change based on the fair market value of the Corporation's common stock.

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $1.4 million and $470,000, respectively. Cash receipts of stock options exercised during the same periods were $1.1 million and $336,000, respectively.

The following table summarizes information on unvested RSAs outstanding as of September 30, 2023:
 Number of SharesWeighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested RSAs at January 1, 2023
416,705 $36.97 
Granted164,034 $31.67 
Vested(129,092)$26.87 
Forfeited(1,700)$35.65 
Unvested RSAs at September 30, 2023
449,947 $37.94 


As of September 30, 2023, unrecognized compensation expense related to RSAs was $10.4 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.0 years. The Corporation did not have any unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options as of September 30, 2023.


NOTE 12

INCOME TAX

The following table summarizes the major components creating differences between income taxes at the federal statutory and the effective tax rate recorded in the consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2023202220232022
Reconciliation of Federal Statutory to Actual Tax Expense:    
Federal statutory income tax at 21%$13,728 $15,445 $44,589 $36,176 
Tax-exempt interest income(4,469)(4,974)(13,792)(14,371)
Share-based compensation(108)(79)(172)(146)
Tax-exempt earnings and gains on life insurance(369)(1,397)(1,080)(2,026)
Tax credits(84)(122)(249)(292)
State Income Tax254 658 1,474 1,177 
Other53 262 251 420 
Actual Tax Expense$9,005 $9,793 $31,021 $20,938 
Effective Tax Rate13.8 %13.3 %14.6 %12.2 %





39


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)


NOTE 13
NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE
Basic net income per common share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted net income per common share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the combination of the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the reporting period and all potentially dilutive common shares. Potentially dilutive common shares include stock options and RSAs issued under the Corporation's share-based compensation plans. Potentially dilutive common shares are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per common share in the periods where the effect would be antidilutive.

The following tables reconcile basic and diluted net income per common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
 Three Months Ended September 30,
 20232022
 Net Income Available to Common StockholdersWeighted-Average Common SharesPer Share
Amount
Net Income Available to Common StockholdersWeighted-Average Common SharesPer Share
Amount
Net income available to common stockholders$55,898 59,335,877 $0.95 $63,283 59,096,688 $1.08 
Effect of potentially dilutive stock options and restricted stock awards166,648  242,041  
Diluted net income per common share$55,898 59,502,525 $0.94 $63,283 59,338,729 $1.08 

 Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20232022
 Net Income Available to Common StockholdersWeighted-Average Common SharesPer Share
Amount
Net Income Available to Common StockholdersWeighted-Average Common SharesPer Share
Amount
Net income available to common stockholders$179,901 59,272,401 $3.04 $150,391 57,200,843 $2.63 
Effect of potentially dilutive stock options and restricted stock awards192,997  266,716  
Diluted net income per common share$179,901 59,465,398 $3.03 $150,391 57,467,559 $2.62 


For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, there were no stock options with an option price greater than the average market price of the common shares.


NOTE 14
GENERAL LITIGATION AND REGULATORY EXAMINATIONS

The Corporation is subject to claims and lawsuits that arise primarily in the ordinary course of business. Additionally, the Corporation is also subject to periodic examinations by various regulatory agencies. It is the general opinion of management that the disposition or ultimate resolution of any such routine litigation or regulatory examinations will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flow of the Corporation.
40


PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

ITEM 2.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

From time to time, we include forward-looking statements in our oral and written communication. We may include forward-looking statements in filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, such as this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in other written materials and in oral statements made by senior management to analysts, investors, representatives of the media and others. We intend these forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and we are including this statement for purposes of these safe harbor provisions. Forward-looking statements can often be identified by the use of words like “believe”, “continue”, “pattern”, “estimate”, “project”, “intend”, “anticipate”, “expect” and similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will”, “would”, “should”, “could”, “might”, “can”, “may”, or similar expressions. These forward-looking statements include:

statements of the Corporation's goals, intentions and expectations;
statements regarding the Corporation's business plan and growth strategies;
statements regarding the asset quality of the Corporation's loan and investment portfolios; and
estimates of the Corporation's risks and future costs and benefits.

These forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks, assumptions and uncertainties, including, among other things, the following important factors which could affect the actual outcome of future events:

fluctuations in market rates of interest and loan and deposit pricing, which could negatively affect our net interest margin, asset valuations and expense expectations;
adverse changes in the economy, which might affect our business prospects and could cause credit-related losses and expenses;
the impacts of epidemics, pandemics or other infectious disease outbreaks;
the impacts related to or resulting from recent bank failures or adverse developments at other banks on general investor sentiment regarding the stability and liquidity of banks;
adverse developments in our loan and investment portfolios;
competitive factors in the banking industry, such as the trend towards consolidation in our market;
changes in the banking legislation or the regulatory requirements of federal and state agencies applicable to bank holding companies and banks like our affiliate bank;
acquisitions of other businesses by us and integration of such acquired businesses;
changes in market, economic, operational, liquidity, credit and interest rate risks associated with our business; and
the continued availability of earnings and excess capital sufficient for the lawful and prudent declaration and payment of cash dividends.

Because of these and other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. In addition, our past results of operations do not necessarily indicate our anticipated future results.
BUSINESS SUMMARY

First Merchants Corporation (the “Corporation”) is a financial holding company headquartered in Muncie, Indiana and was organized in September 1982. The Corporation’s common stock is traded on the Nasdaq’s Global Select Market System under the symbol FRME. The Corporation conducts its banking operations through First Merchants Bank (the “Bank”), a wholly-owned subsidiary that opened for business in Muncie, Indiana, in March 1893. The Bank also operates First Merchants Private Wealth Advisors (a division of First Merchants Bank). The Bank includes 118 banking locations in Indiana, Ohio, Michigan and Illinois. In addition to its branch network, the Corporation offers comprehensive electronic and mobile delivery channels to its customers. The Corporation’s business activities are currently limited to one significant business segment, which is community banking.

Through the Bank, the Corporation offers a broad range of financial services, including accepting time, savings and demand deposits; making consumer, commercial, agri-business, public finance and real estate mortgage loans; providing personal and corporate trust services; offering full-service brokerage and private wealth management; and providing letters of credit, repurchase agreements and other corporate services.
















41


PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Generally accepted accounting principles are complex and require us to apply significant judgments to various accounting, reporting and disclosure matters. Management must use assumptions and estimates to apply those principles where actual measurement is not possible or practical. The judgments and assumptions made are based upon historical experience or other factors that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Because of the nature of the judgments and assumptions, actual results could differ from estimates, which could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations. There have been no significant changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to the items disclosed as our critical accounting policies and estimates in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. For a complete discussion of our significant accounting policies, see “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

HIGHLIGHTS FOR THE THIRD QUARTER OF 2023

Net income available to common stockholders for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $55.9 million compared to $63.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and $60.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Earnings per fully diluted common share for the third quarter of 2023 totaled $0.94 compared to $1.08 in the third quarter of 2022, and $1.02 in the second quarter of 2023.

Earnings per fully diluted common share for the third quarter of 2023, excluding income on Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans and acquisition-related costs of the Level One acquisition, totaled $0.94 compared to $1.12 in the third quarter of 2022 and $1.02 in the second quarter of 2023. These adjusted earnings per share amounts are non-GAAP measures. For reconciliations of GAAP measures to the corresponding non-GAAP measures, see "NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES" within the "Results of Operations" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Total loans grew $4.9 million, or 0.2 percent annualized on a linked quarter basis, and $406.0 million, or 4.6 percent annualized since December 31, 2022, when excluding non-relationship based commercial loan sales that occurred during the second quarter of $116.6 million.

Total deposits increased $65.4 million, or 1.8 percent annualized on a linked quarter basis, and $263.8 million, or 2.4 percent annualized since December 31, 2022.

Strong liquidity and capital with Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio of 11.26 percent.

The efficiency ratio totaled 53.91 percent for the quarter.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The Corporation reported third quarter 2023 net income available to common stockholders and diluted earnings per common share of $55.9 million and $0.94 per diluted share, respectively, compared to $63.3 million and $1.08 per diluted share, respectively, during the third quarter of 2022. Net income available to common stockholders and diluted earnings per common share for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $179.9 million and $3.03 per diluted share, respectively, compared to $150.4 million and $2.62 per diluted share during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Earnings per fully diluted common share for the third quarter of 2023, excluding income on PPP loans and Level One acquisition-related expenses (non-GAAP), totaled $0.94, compared to $1.02 in the second quarter of 2023 and $1.12 in the third quarter of 2022. Earnings per fully diluted common share for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, excluding income from PPP loans and Level One acquisition-related expenses, totaled $3.03 compared to $3.01 for the same period in 2022. For reconciliations of GAAP earnings per share measures to the corresponding non-GAAP measures provided above, refer to the "NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

As of September 30, 2023, total assets equaled $18.0 billion, an increase from the December 31, 2022 total of $17.9 billion.

Cash and due from banks and interest-bearing deposits increased from December 31, 2022 by a total of $225.2 million, as deposit growth and proceeds from investment securities principal and interest cashflows in addition to sales were held in cash for liquidity purposes. Total investment securities decreased $550.1 million from December 31, 2022, primarily due to the sales of $347.3 million of investment securities during the first nine months of 2023. Scheduled paydowns and maturities of investment securities of $121.4 million and an increase of $86.1 million in unrealized losses in the available for sale portfolio during the first nine months of 2023 contributed to the decrease since December 31, 2022. While not reflected in the balance sheet, the unrealized loss in the held to maturity portfolio also increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 by $93.1 million. Currently, the Corporation is not reinvesting cashflows into the investment securities portfolio, but rather using the liquidity to fund current and future loan growth and paydown borrowings. The investment portfolio as a percentage of total assets was 20.6 percent at September 30, 2023, which is down from the peak at December 31, 2021 of 29.3 percent, and reflects progress towards a more normalized earning asset mix. Additional details of the changes in the Corporation's investment securities portfolio are discussed within NOTE 3. INVESTMENT SECURITIES of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.


42


PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The Corporation's total loan portfolio grew $406.0 million, or 4.6 percent on an annualized basis, since December 31, 2022, after excluding non-relationship based commercial loan sales that occurred in the second quarter of $116.6 million. The composition of the loan portfolio is 75.2 percent commercial oriented with the largest loan classes of commercial and industrial and commercial real estate, non-owner occupied, representing 28.4 percent and 19.2 percent of the total loan portfolio, respectively. The loan classes that experienced the largest increases from December 31, 2022 were construction real estate, residential real estate, and commercial and industrial loans. Commercial real estate, owner occupied, commercial real estate, non-owner occupied, and home equity loans were the largest loan classes that experienced a decrease from December 31, 2022. Additional details of the changes in the Corporation's loans are discussed within NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and the "LOAN QUALITY AND PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The Corporation’s allowance for credit losses - loans ("ACL - loans") totaled $205.8 million as of September 30, 2023 and equaled 1.67 percent of total loans, compared to $223.3 million and 1.86 percent of total loans at December 31, 2022.  The ACL - loans decreased $15.4 million since June 30, 2023, primarily as a result of net charge-offs in the third quarter of 2023 of $20.4 million, as compared to net recoveries of $427,000 in the third quarter of 2022. Loan charge-offs, net of recoveries, for the quarter were primarily due to the charge-off of a previously reported nonaccrual loan to a syndicated specialty finance company resulting from alleged fraud that impacted our borrower's ability to repay. The effect of the third quarter charge-offs on the ACL- loans was offset by provision expense on loans of $5.0 million in the third quarter of 2023. Reserves for unfunded commitments were reduced by $3.0 million, resulting in a net provision expense of $2.0 million in the third quarter of 2023, as compared to no provision expense in the same period of 2022. The ACL - loans decreased $17.5 million since December 31, 2022, primarily as a result of net charge-offs during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 of $22.5 million, as compared to net recoveries of $751,000 during the same period in 2022. The Corporation recognized provision expense on loans of $5 million, less a $3 million reduction in the reserve for unfunded commitments, which resulted in a net provision expense of $2.0 million during the first nine months of 2023. The Corporation recognized provision expense of $16.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as part of the Level One acquisition. Nonaccrual loans at September 30, 2023 were $53.1 million and decreased $16.1 million from June 30, 2023 primarily as a result of the nonaccrual loan that was charged off in the third quarter of 2023. Nonaccrual loans increased $10.8 million since December 31, 2022 and resulted in a coverage ratio at September 30, 2023 of 387.5 percent. The Corporation's reserve for unfunded commitments was $20.3 million at September 30, 2023, compared to $23.3 million at December 31, 2022, and is recorded in Other Liabilities. Additional details of the Corporation's allowance methodology and asset quality are discussed within NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and within the “LOAN QUALITY AND PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS” section of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The Corporation's premises and equipment increased $15.3 million from December 31, 2022 primarily due to the $15.9 million purchase of an Indianapolis regional headquarters building in the third quarter of 2023.

The Corporation's net tax asset, deferred and receivable increased $24.3 million from December 31, 2022. The primary driver was the increase in the net unrealized losses on available for sale securities noted above, which resulted in an $18.1 million increase in the net deferred tax asset.

The Corporation's other assets increased $37.2 million from December 31, 2022. The Corporation's derivative assets (recorded in other assets) and derivative liabilities (recorded in other liabilities) increased $21.5 million and $21.2 million, respectively, from December 31, 2022. The increase in valuations are due to higher notional amounts, higher target fed funds rates, heightened new debt issuances, and the resiliency of economic data, which are all contributing to higher nominal rates and increased forward rate expectations. Additionally, the Corporation's continual investment in community redevelopment funds resulted in an increase of $10.8 million when compared to December 31, 2022.

As of September 30, 2023, total deposits equaled $14.6 billion, an increase of $263.8 million from December 31, 2022, or 2.4 percent on an annualized basis. Total deposits less time deposits greater than $100,000, or core deposits, represented 90.7 percent of the deposit portfolio at September 30, 2023. Noninterest bearing deposits represents 17.4 percent of the deposit portfolio, which is a decline from the peak in the second quarter of 2022 of 23.6 percent. The decline is the result of a mix shift occurring across the industry as clients move into higher yielding deposit products. The Corporation experienced increases from December 31, 2022 in certificates and other time deposits of $100,000 or more of $538.1 million, other certificates and time deposits of $292.5 million and brokered certificates of deposit of $15.0 million. Demand and savings accounts decreased from December 31, 2022 by $496.8 million and $85.0 million, respectively.

The average account within the deposit portfolio totals only $34,000. Insured deposits totaled 71.5 percent of total deposits, with the State of Indiana's Public Deposit Insurance Fund, which insures certain public deposits, providing insurance to 15.0 percent of deposits and the FDIC providing insurance to the remaining 56.5 percent. Only 28.5 percent of deposits are uninsured and our available liquidity is ample to cover those when considering both on balance sheet sources of liquidity and unused capacity from the Federal Reserve Discount Window, FHLB and unsecured borrowing sources.

Total borrowings decreased $289.4 million as of September 30, 2023, compared to December 31, 2022. Federal funds purchased and FHLB advances decreased $171.6 million and $110.3 million, respectively, compared to December 31, 2022 as the Corporation utilized excess liquidity to pay down borrowings in 2023. Additionally, there was a decrease in securities sold under repurchase agreements of $14.9 million when compared to December 31, 2022.

The Corporation continued to maintain all regulatory capital ratios in excess of the regulatory definition of “well-capitalized.” Details of the Stock Repurchase Program and regulatory capital ratios are discussed within the “CAPITAL” section of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.




43


PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

The Corporation's accounting and reporting policies conform to GAAP and general practices within the banking industry. As a supplement to GAAP, the Corporation provides non-GAAP performance measures, which management believes are useful because they assist investors in assessing the Corporation's performance. Non-GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied, and are not audited. Although these non-GAAP financial measures are frequently used by investors to evaluate a company, they have limitations as analytical tools, and should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for analyses of results as reported under GAAP. Where non-GAAP financial measures are used, the comparable GAAP financial measure, as well as the reconciliation to the comparable GAAP financial measure can be found in the following tables.

Adjusted earnings per share, excluding PPP loans and acquisition-related expenses, are meaningful non-GAAP financial measures for management, as they provide a meaningful foundation for period-to-period and company-to-company comparisons, which management believes will aid both investors and analysts in analyzing our financial measures and predicting future performance. These non-GAAP financial measures are also used by management to assess the performance of the Corporation's business, because management does not consider these items to be relevant to ongoing financial performance on a per share basis.

Non-GAAP financial measures such as tangible common equity to tangible assets, tangible earnings per share, return on average tangible assets and return on average tangible equity are important measures of the strength of the Corporation's capital and ability to generate earnings on tangible common equity invested by our shareholders. These non-GAAP measures provide useful supplemental information and may assist investors in analyzing the Corporation’s financial position without regard to the effects of intangible assets and preferred stock, but do retain the effect of accumulated other comprehensive gains (losses) in stockholders' equity. Disclosure of these measures also allows analysts and banking regulators to assess our capital adequacy on these same bases.

ADJUSTED EPS EXCLUDING PAYCHECK PROTECTION PROGRAM ("PPP") AND ACQUISITION RELATED EXPENSES - non-GAAP
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30,June 30,September 30,September 30,September 30,
20232023202220232022
Net Income Available to Common Stockholders - GAAP$55,898 $60,393 $63,283 $179,901 $150,391 
Adjustments:
PPP loan income(8)(9)(323)(42)(3,098)
Acquisition-related expenses— — 3,417 — 16,118 
Acquisition-related provision expense— — — — 16,755 
Tax on adjustment(759)10 (7,301)
Adjusted Net Income Available to Common Stockholders - non-GAAP$55,892 $60,386 $65,618 $179,869 $172,865 
Average Diluted Common Shares Outstanding (in thousands)59,503 59,448 59,339 59,465 57,468 
Diluted Earnings Per Common Share - GAAP$0.94 $1.02 $1.08 $3.03 $2.62 
Adjustments:
PPP loan income— — — — (0.05)
Acquisition-related expenses— — 0.05 — 0.27 
Acquisition-related provision expense— — — — 0.30 
Tax on adjustment— — (0.01)— (0.13)
Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Common Share - non-GAAP$0.94 $1.02 $1.12 $3.03 $3.01 

TANGIBLE COMMON EQUITY TO TANGIBLE ASSETS - non-GAAP
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Total Stockholders' Equity (GAAP)$2,092,644 $2,034,770 
Less: Preferred stock (GAAP)(25,125)(25,125)
Less: Intangible assets (GAAP)(741,283)(747,844)
Tangible common equity (non-GAAP)$1,326,236 $1,261,801 
Total assets (GAAP)$17,996,648 $17,938,306 
Less: Intangible assets (GAAP)(741,283)(747,844)
Tangible assets (non-GAAP)$17,255,365 $17,190,462 
Stockholders' Equity to Assets (GAAP)11.63 %11.34 %
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP)7.69 %7.34 %
Tangible common equity (non-GAAP)$1,326,236 $1,261,801 
Plus: Tax benefit of intangibles (non-GAAP)6,290 7,702 
Tangible common equity, net of tax (non-GAAP)$1,332,526 $1,269,503 
Common Stock outstanding59,398 59,171 
Book Value (GAAP)$34.81 $33.96 
Tangible book value - common (non-GAAP)$22.43 $21.45 
44


PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

TANGIBLE EARNINGS PER SHARE, RETURN ON TANGIBLE ASSETS AND RETURN ON TANGIBLE EQUITY - non-GAAP
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Average goodwill (GAAP)$712,002 $712,995 $712,002 $657,643 
Average other intangibles (GAAP)30,293 39,580 32,446 35,500 
Average deferred tax on other intangibles (GAAP)(6,508)(8,505)(6,972)(7,436)
Intangible adjustment (non-GAAP)$735,787 $744,070 $737,476 $685,707 
Average stockholders' equity (GAAP)$2,154,232 $2,018,156 $2,126,005 $1,977,299 
Average preferred stock (GAAP)(25,125)(25,125)(25,125)(16,792)
Intangible adjustment (non-GAAP)(735,787)(744,070)(737,476)(685,707)
Average tangible capital (non-GAAP)$1,393,320 $1,248,961 $1,363,404 $1,274,800 
Average assets (GAAP)$18,152,239 $17,770,623 $18,115,504 $17,012,930 
Intangible adjustment (non-GAAP)(735,787)(744,070)(737,476)(685,707)
Average tangible assets (non-GAAP)$17,416,452 $17,026,553 $17,378,028 $16,327,223 
Net income available to common stockholders (GAAP)$55,898 $63,283 $179,901 $150,391 
Other intangible amortization, net of tax (GAAP)1,724 1,819 5,183 4,718 
Preferred stock dividend468 469 1,406 938 
Tangible net income available to common stockholders (non-GAAP)$58,090 $65,571 $186,490 $156,047 
Per Share Data:
Diluted net income available to common stockholders (GAAP)$0.94 $1.08 $3.03 $2.62 
Diluted tangible net income available to common stockholders (non-GAAP)$0.97 $1.11 $3.11 $2.72 
Ratios:
Return on average GAAP capital (ROE)10.38 %12.54 %11.28 %10.14 %
Return on average tangible capital16.54 %20.85 %18.10 %16.22 %
Return on average assets (ROA)1.24 %1.43 %1.33 %1.19 %
Return on average tangible assets1.33 %1.54 %1.43 %1.27 %

Return on average tangible capital is tangible net income available to common stockholders (annualized) expressed as a percentage of average tangible capital.  Return on average tangible assets is tangible net income available to common stockholders (annualized) expressed as a percentage of average tangible assets.

NET INTEREST INCOME

Net interest income is the most significant component of our earnings, comprising 84.0 percent of revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Net interest income and margin are influenced by many factors, primarily the volume and mix of earning assets, funding sources, and interest rate fluctuations. Other factors include the level of accretion income on purchased loans, prepayment risk on loan and investment-related assets, and the composition and maturity of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Loans typically generate more interest income than investment securities with similar maturities. Funding from customer deposits generally costs less than wholesale funding sources. Factors such as general economic activity, Federal Reserve Board monetary policy, and price volatility of competing alternative investments, can also exert significant influence on our ability to optimize the mix of assets and funding and the net interest income and margin.

Net interest income is the excess of interest received from earning assets over interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities. For analytical purposes, net interest income is also presented on an FTE basis in the tables that follow to reflect what our tax-exempt assets would need to yield in order to achieve the same after-tax yield as a taxable asset. The federal statutory rate of 21 percent was used for 2023 and 2022. The FTE analysis portrays the income tax benefits associated with tax-exempt assets and helps to facilitate a comparison between taxable and tax-exempt assets. Management believes that it is a standard practice in the banking industry to present net interest margin and net interest income on a fully taxable equivalent basis. Therefore, management believes these measures provide useful information for both management and investors by allowing them to make peer comparisons.

Net interest margin, on an FTE basis, decreased 26 basis points to 3.29 percent for the three months ended September, 30 2023 compared to 3.55 percent for the same period in 2022.

Net interest margin, on an FTE basis, increased 12 basis points to 3.42 percent for the nine months ended September, 30 2023 compared to 3.30 percent for the same period in 2022.

Average Balance Sheet
Average earning assets for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $438.8 million and $1.2 billion, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily driven by organic loan growth within the commercial real estate and residential real estate portfolios. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was driven by a $1.6 billion increase in loans when compared to the same period in 2022 which was primarily due to the acquisition of Level One on April 1, 2022, coupled with organic loan growth within the commercial real estate and residential real estate portfolios. PPP loans averaged approximately $3.2 million and $3.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to an average of approximately $19.2 million and $53.1 million for the same periods of 2022.
45


PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The average interest-bearing deposits due from other banks in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $313.5 million and $7.1 million, respectively, as deposit growth and proceeds from investment securities principal and interest cashflows in addition to sales were held in cash for liquidity purposes.

The decline in the average investment securities portfolio in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 of $676.9 million and $460.4 million, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2022 was due to the Corporation not reinvesting cashflows into the investment securities portfolio, but rather using the liquidity to fund current and future loan growth. The investment portfolio as a percentage of total assets was 20.6 percent at September 30, 2023, which is down from the peak at December 31, 2021 of 29.3 percent, and reflects progress towards a more normalized earning asset mix.

Average interest-bearing deposits for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $981.7 million and $935.1 million, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2022, with the largest increases in both periods in the certificates and other time deposit portfolio. Additionally, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the increase in average interest-bearing deposits was primarily due to the acquisition of Level One on April 1, 2022. Noninterest bearing deposits represents 17.4 percent of the deposit portfolio, which is a decline from the peak in the second quarter of 2022 of 23.6 percent. The decline is the result of a mix shift occurring across the industry as clients move into higher yielding deposit products. Noninterest bearing deposits act to mitigate deposit yield increases as interest rates rise.

Average borrowings increased $18.3 million and $326.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2022 as the average balance of FHLB advances increased $123.7 million due to the acquisition of Level One on April 1, 2022, which resulted in an additional $160.0 million of FHLB advances.

Interest Income/Expense and Average Yields
In the third quarter of 2023, FTE asset yields increased 144 basis points compared to the same period in 2022. The increase in interest income, on an FTE basis, of $65.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 was primarily due to an increase in average earning assets, coupled with the FOMC's interest rate increases of 525 basis points since March of 2022. The Corporation's loan portfolio is 65.6 percent variable with 37.1 percent of the portfolio repricing within one month and 51.4 percent repricing within three months. Additionally, due to the FOMC interest rate increases in 2023 and 2022, the yields on new and renewed loans increased for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. The PPP loans originated in 2021 and 2020 were recorded at an interest rate of only 1 percent. The Corporation recognized fee and interest income of $8,000 on PPP loans for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $323,000 in the same period of 2022, which is included in interest income. The Corporation also recognized fair value accretion income on purchased loans, which is included in interest income, of $2.0 million, which accounted for 5 basis points of net interest margin in the three months ended September 30, 2023. Comparatively, the Corporation recognized $3.2 million of accretion income for the three months ended September 30, 2022, or 8 basis points of net interest margin.

Interest costs increased 216 basis points, which mitigated the 144 basis point increase in asset yields and resulted in a 72 basis point FTE decrease in net interest spread when compared to the same period in 2022. Interest costs have increased during the quarter and year due to deposit pricing pressure and deposit portfolio mix changes as a result of customers migrating out of noninterest-bearing deposit products into interest-bearing deposit products.

Interest-bearing deposits and borrowing costs for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were 2.83 percent and 3.95 percent, respectively, compared to 0.60 percent and 2.52 percent, respectively, during the same period in 2022. Total cost of funds was 292 basis points for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to 76 basis points during the same period in 2022.

In the the nine months ended September, 30 2023, FTE asset yields increased 166 basis points compared to the same period in 2022. The increase in interest income, on an FTE basis, of $242.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 was primarily due to an increase in average earning assets, coupled with the FOMC's interest rate increases of 525 basis points since March of 2022. The PPP loans originated in 2021 and 2020 were recorded at an interest rate of only 1 percent. The Corporation recognized fee and interest income of $41,000 on PPP loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $3.1 million in the same period of 2022, which is included in interest income. The Corporation also recognized fair value accretion income on purchased loans, which is included in interest income, of $6.4 million, which accounted for 5 basis points of net interest margin in the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Comparatively, the Corporation recognized $7.4 million of accretion income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, or 6 basis points of net interest margin.

Interest costs increased 200 basis points, which mitigated the 166 basis point increase in asset yields and resulted in a 34 basis point FTE decrease in net interest spread when compared to the same period in 2022.

Interest-bearing deposits and borrowing costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were 2.37 percent and 3.74 percent, respectively, compared to 0.36 percent and 2.18 percent, respectively, during the same period in 2022. Total cost of funds was 249 basis points for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to 49 basis points during the same period in 2022.

Details regarding the Corporation's acquisition of Level One can be found in NOTE 2. ACQUISITIONS of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

46


PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following tables present the Corporation’s average balance sheet, interest income/interest expense, and the average rate as a percent of average earning assets/liabilities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

(Dollars in Thousands)Three Months Ended
September 30, 2023September 30, 2022
Average BalanceInterest
 Income /
Expense
Average
Rate
Average BalanceInterest
 Income /
Expense
Average
Rate
Assets: 
Interest-bearing deposits$502,967 $5,884 4.68 %$190,434 $704 1.48 %
Federal Home Loan Bank stock41,826 719 6.88 38,089 314 3.30 
Investment Securities: (1)
Taxable1,817,219 8,590 1.89 2,091,608 10,055 1.92 
Tax-Exempt (2)
2,298,025 17,655 3.07 2,700,580 21,849 3.24 
Total Investment Securities4,115,244 26,245 2.55 4,792,188 31,904 2.66 
Loans held for sale24,227 386 6.37 20,039 266 5.74 
Loans: (3)
Commercial8,456,527 153,993 7.28 8,177,895 103,227 5.05 
Real estate mortgage2,079,067 21,618 4.16 1,666,173 14,701 3.53 
Installment827,318 15,708 7.59 813,112 10,310 5.07 
Tax-Exempt (2)
900,493 10,491 4.66 810,984 8,228 4.06 
Total Loans12,287,632 202,196 6.58 11,488,203 136,732 4.76 
Total Earning Assets16,947,669 235,044 5.55 %16,508,914 169,654 4.11 %
Total Non-Earning Assets1,204,570 1,261,709 
Total Assets$18,152,239 $17,770,623 
Liabilities:
Interest-Bearing Deposits:
Interest-bearing deposits$5,425,829 $37,780 2.79 %$5,184,087 $8,723 0.67 %
Money market deposits2,923,798 23,607 3.23 3,096,423 5,390 0.70 
Savings deposits1,641,338 3,844 0.94 1,978,596 1,538 0.31 
Certificates and other time deposits2,106,910 20,320 3.86 857,033 993 0.46 
Total Interest-Bearing Deposits12,097,875 85,551 2.83 11,116,139 16,644 0.60 
Borrowings1,032,180 10,199 3.95 1,013,893 6,388 2.52 
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities13,130,055 95,750 2.92 12,130,032 23,032 0.76 
Noninterest-bearing deposits2,637,717 3,461,393 
Other liabilities230,235 161,042 
Total Liabilities15,998,007 15,752,467 
Stockholders' Equity2,154,232 2,018,156 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity$18,152,239 95,750 $17,770,623 23,032 
Net Interest Income (FTE)$139,294 $146,622 
Net Interest Spread (FTE) (4)
2.63 %3.35 %
Net Interest Margin (FTE):
Interest Income (FTE) / Average Earning Assets5.55 %4.11 %
Interest Expense / Average Earning Assets2.26 %0.56 %
Net Interest Margin (FTE) (5)
3.29 %3.55 %
(1) Average balance of securities is computed based on the average of the historical amortized cost balances without the effects of the fair value adjustments. Annualized amounts are computed utilizing a 30/360 day basis.
(2) Tax-exempt securities and loans are presented on a fully taxable equivalent basis, using a marginal tax rate of 21 percent for 2023 and 2022. These totals equal $5,911 and $6.316 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(3) Nonaccruing loans have been included in the average balances.
(4) Net Interest Spread (FTE) is interest income expressed as a percentage of average earning assets minus interest expense expressed as a percentage of average interest-bearing liabilities.
(5) Net Interest Margin (FTE) is interest income expressed as a percentage of average earning assets minus interest expense expressed as a percentage of average earning assets.
47


PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

(Dollars in Thousands)Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2023September 30, 2022
Average BalanceInterest
 Income /
Expense
Average
Rate
Average BalanceInterest
 Income /
Expense
Average
Rate
Assets:  
Interest-bearing deposits$340,887 $9,685 3.79 %$333,818 $1,544 0.62 %
Federal Home Loan Bank stock41,160 2,281 7.39 34,742 635 2.44 
Investment Securities: (1)
 
Taxable1,872,267 26,563 1.89 2,079,983 28,937 1.85 
Tax-Exempt (2)
2,394,864 56,071 3.12 2,647,547 63,732 3.21 
Total Investment Securities4,267,131 82,634 2.58 4,727,530 92,669 2.61 
Loans held for sale22,398 1,046 6.23 19,020 622 4.36 
Loans: (3)
 
Commercial8,515,148 444,422 6.96 7,731,591 253,770 4.38 
Real estate mortgage2,008,852 60,354 4.01 1,350,969 35,199 3.47 
Installment833,133 44,492 7.12 765,960 24,775 4.31 
Tax-Exempt (2)
885,256 30,072 4.53 780,410 23,030 3.93 
Total Loans12,264,787 580,386 6.31 10,647,950 337,396 4.22 
Total Earning Assets16,913,965 674,986 5.32 %15,744,040 432,244 3.66 %
Total Non-Earning Assets1,201,539 1,268,890  
Total Assets$18,115,504 $17,012,930   
Liabilities:   
Interest-Bearing Deposits:   
Interest-bearing deposits$5,412,482 $97,016 2.39 %$5,195,249 $15,699 0.40 %
Money market deposits2,812,891 55,868 2.65 2,880,603 8,392 0.39 
Savings deposits1,730,110 10,693 0.82 1,937,761 2,895 0.20 
Certificates and other time deposits1,821,408 45,860 3.36 828,158 2,437 0.39 
Total Interest-Bearing Deposits11,776,891 209,437 2.37 10,841,771 29,423 0.36 
Borrowings1,144,368 32,122 3.74 817,894 13,354 2.18 
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities12,921,259 241,559 2.49 11,659,665 42,777 0.49 
Noninterest-bearing deposits2,850,557 3,232,925   
Other liabilities217,683 143,041   
Total Liabilities15,989,499 15,035,631   
Stockholders' Equity2,126,005 1,977,299   
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity$18,115,504 241,559 $17,012,930 42,777 
Net Interest Income (FTE)$433,427  $389,467  
Net Interest Spread (FTE) (4)
2.83 %  3.17 %
Net Interest Margin (FTE):
Interest Income (FTE) / Average Earning Assets5.32 %3.66 %
Interest Expense / Average Earning Assets1.90 %0.36 %
Net Interest Margin (FTE) (5)
3.42 %3.30 %
(1) Average balance of securities is computed based on the average of the historical amortized cost balances without the effects of the fair value adjustments. Annualized amounts are computed utilizing a 30/360 day basis.
(2) Tax-exempt securities and loans are presented on a fully taxable equivalent basis, using a marginal tax rate of 21 percent for 2023 and 2022. These totals equal $18,090 and $18,220 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(3) Nonaccruing loans have been included in the average balances.
(4) Net Interest Spread (FTE) is interest income expressed as a percentage of average earning assets minus interest expense expressed as a percentage of average interest-bearing liabilities.
(5) Net Interest Margin (FTE) is interest income expressed as a percentage of average earning assets minus interest expense expressed as a percentage of average earning assets.
48


PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS


NONINTEREST INCOME

Noninterest income totaled $27.8 million for the third quarter of 2023, a $1.8 million, or 6.0 percent, decrease from the third quarter of 2022. The third quarter of 2023 included $551,000 of gains on life insurance benefits, compared to $5.3 million in the same period of 2022. Additionally, $1.7 million in net losses were realized on the sale of $33.2 million of available for sale securities during the current quarter, compared to $481,000 of net realized gains in the third quarter of 2022.

Offsetting these declines in the three months ended September 30, 2023 was an increase of $3.0 million in net gains and fees on sales of loans and a $1.7 million increase in other income, primarily due to a $1.9 million write-down of an equity investment, when compared to the third quarter of 2022.

During the first nine months of 2023, noninterest income totaled $79.2 million, a $4.6 million, or 5.5 percent, decrease when compared to the same period in 2022. The largest decrease was $4.6 million in net losses realized on the sale of $347.3 million of available for sale securities during the first nine months of 2023, compared to $1.1 million in net realized gains in the first nine months of 2022. Additionally, gains on life insurance benefits decreased $4.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.

Offsetting the declines in the first nine months of 2023 was an increase of $3.6 million in net gains and fees on sales of loans and a $1.6 million
increase in other income, primarily due to a $1.9 million write-down of an equity investment, when compared to the same period in 2022. Additionally, service charges were $1.9 million higher in the first nine months of 2023 compared to the first nine months of 2022 primarily due to the Level One acquisition in the second quarter of 2022.

NONINTEREST EXPENSE

Noninterest expense totaled $93.9 million for the third quarter of 2023, a $2.5 million, or 2.6 percent, decrease from the third quarter of 2022. The decrease was primarily due to one-time Level One acquisition related charges of $3.4 million recorded in the third quarter of 2022, for core system processing and conversion expenses of $1.5 million recorded in outside data processing fees and professional and other outside services, $1.2 million recorded in salaries and employee benefits and $368,000 of marketing expenses. In addition, other expenses were $1.2 million less in the third quarter of 2023 than in the same period of 2022, primarily due to higher losses on the sales of former banking center facilities in the third quarter of 2022 and lower customer-related contingent losses and mortgage servicing rights.

Partially offsetting the declines was an increase in other real estate and foreclosure expenses as a result of less credit-related expense recoveries and higher forced-placed insurance expenses.

During the first nine months of 2023, noninterest expense totaled $280.2 million, a $14.2 million, or 5.3 percent, increase when compared to the same period in 2022. The largest increase of $13.2 million was in salaries and employee benefits and resulted from the addition of Level One staff for the entire nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to only six months of 2022. In addition, occupancy and equipment expenses from the larger franchise footprint resulted in an increase in expenses in 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022. The Corporation continues to invest in customer-facing digital solutions that contributed to increases in outside data processing expenses of $3.2 million. The increase in other real estate and foreclosure expenses of $949,000, when compared to the first nine months of 2022, was the result of less credit-related expense recoveries and higher forced-placed insurance expenses. The increase in other expenses is primarily due to higher customer-related contingent losses during the first nine months of 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022.

As part of the Level One acquisition, the Corporation recorded acquisition-related costs in the first nine months of 2022, which totaled $16.1 million, of which $7.5 million was in professional and other outside services, $5.7 million was reflected in salaries and employee benefits, and $2.0 million in equipment and outside data processing expenses. The acquisition-related expenses were primarily contract termination charges, core system conversion expenses, transaction advisory services and employee retention bonuses and severance. Additionally, the FDIC assessment decline in 2023 compared to 2022 was primarily due to a one-time FDIC credit of $2.0 million recorded in the first quarter of 2023, offset by increases from growth in the balance sheet and the FDIC rate increase of 2 basis points, which was effective at the beginning of 2023.

Details regarding the Corporation's acquisition of Level One can be found in NOTE 2. ACQUISITIONS of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

INCOME TAXES

Income tax expense for the third quarter of 2023 was $9.0 million on pre-tax net income of $65.4 million.  For the same period in 2022, income tax expense was $9.8 million on pre-tax income of $73.5 million. The effective income tax rates for the third quarter of 2023 and 2022 were 13.8 percent and 13.3 percent, respectively.

Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $31.0 million on pre-tax net income of $212.3 million. For the same period in 2022, income tax expense was $20.9 million on pre-tax net income of $172.3 million. The effective income tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were 14.6 percent and 12.2 percent, respectively.
49


PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The higher effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 when compared to the same periods in 2022 was primarily a result of tax-exempt interest income being a smaller portion of pre-tax income in 2023 coupled with 2022 containing higher levels of tax-exempt earnings and gains on life insurance, which are also non-taxable.

The detailed reconciliation of federal statutory to actual tax expense is shown in NOTE 12. INCOME TAX of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

CAPITAL

Preferred Stock
As part of the Level One acquisition, the Corporation issued 10,000 shares of newly created 7.5 percent non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, with a liquidation preference of $2,500 per share, in exchange for the outstanding Level One Series B preferred stock. Likewise, each outstanding Level One depositary share representing a 1/100th interest in a share of the Level One Series B preferred stock was converted into a depositary share of the Corporation representing a 1/100th interest in a share of its newly issued preferred stock. The Corporation had $25.0 million of outstanding preferred stock at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Corporation declared and paid dividends of $46.88 per share (equivalent to $0.4688 per depositary share) and $140.64 per share, respectively, equal to $468,000 and $1,406,000, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Corporation declared and paid dividends of $46.88 per share and $93.76 per share, respectively, equal to $469,000 and $938,000, respectively. The Series A preferred stock qualifies as Tier 1 capital for purposes of the regulatory capital calculations.

Stock Repurchase Program
On January 27, 2021, the Board of Directors of the Corporation approved a stock repurchase program of up to 3,333,000 shares of the Corporation's outstanding common stock; provided, however, that the total aggregate investment in shares repurchased under the program may not exceed $100,000,000. On a share basis, the amount of common stock subject to the repurchase program represented approximately 6 percent of the Corporation's outstanding shares at the time the program became effective. The Corporation did not repurchase any shares of its common stock pursuant to the repurchase program during 2022 or the nine months ended September 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2023, the Corporation had approximately 2.7 million shares at an aggregate value of $74.5 million available to repurchase under the program.

In August 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the "IRA") was enacted. Among other things, the IRA imposes a new 1 percent excise tax on the fair market value of stock repurchased after December 31, 2022 by publicly traded U.S. corporations (like the Corporation). With certain exceptions, the value of stock repurchased is determined net of stock issued in the year, including shares issued pursuant to compensatory arrangements.

Regulatory Capital
Capital adequacy is an important indicator of financial stability and performance. The Corporation and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies and are assigned to a capital category. The assigned capital category is largely determined by four ratios that are calculated according to the regulations: total risk-based capital, tier 1 risk-based capital, CET1, and tier 1 leverage ratios. The ratios are intended to measure capital relative to assets and credit risk associated with those assets and off-balance sheet exposures of the entity. The capital category assigned to an entity can also be affected by qualitative judgments made by regulatory agencies about the risk inherent in the entity's activities that are not part of the calculated ratios.

There are five capital categories defined in the regulations, ranging from well capitalized to critically undercapitalized. Classification of a bank in any of the undercapitalized categories can result in actions by regulators that could have a material effect on a bank's operations. Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of total risk-based capital, tier 1 capital, and common equity tier 1 capital, in each case, to risk-weighted assets, and of tier 1 capital to average assets, or leverage ratio, all of which are calculated as defined in the regulations. Banks with lower capital levels are deemed to be undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized or critically undercapitalized, depending on their actual levels. The appropriate federal regulatory agency may also downgrade a bank to the next lower capital category upon a determination that the bank is in an unsafe or unsound practice. Banks are required to monitor closely their capital levels and to notify their appropriate regulatory agency of any basis for a change in capital category.

Basel III requires the Corporation and the Bank to maintain the minimum capital and leverage ratios as defined in the regulation and as illustrated in the table below, which capital to risk-weighted asset ratios include a 2.5 percent capital conservation buffer. Under Basel III, in order to avoid limitations on capital distributions, including dividends, the Corporation must hold a 2.5 percent capital conservation buffer above the adequately capitalized CET1 to risk-weighted assets ratio (which buffer is reflected in the required ratios below). Under Basel III, the Corporation and Bank elected to opt-out of including accumulated other comprehensive income in regulatory capital. As of September 30, 2023, the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to be considered well capitalized under the fully phased-in Basel III capital rules. There is no threshold for well capitalized status for bank holding companies.

As part of a March 27, 2020 joint statement of federal banking regulators, an interim final rule that allowed banking organizations to mitigate the effects of the CECL accounting standard on their regulatory capital was announced. Banking organizations could elect to mitigate the estimated cumulative regulatory capital effects of CECL for up to two years. This two-year delay was to be in addition to the three-year transition period that federal banking regulators had already made available. While the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021 provided for a further extension of the mandatory adoption of CECL until January 1, 2022, the federal banking regulators elected to not provide a similar extension to the two year mitigation period applicable to regulatory capital effects. Instead, the federal banking regulators require that, in order to utilize the additional two-year delay, banking organizations must have adopted the CECL standard no later than December 31, 2020, as required by the CARES Act. As a result, because implementation of the CECL standard was delayed by the Corporation until January 1, 2021, it began phasing in the cumulative effect of the adoption on its regulatory capital, at a rate of 25 percent per year, over a three-year transition period that began on January 1, 2021. Under that phase-in schedule, the cumulative effect of the adoption will be fully reflected in regulatory capital on January 1, 2024.
50


PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The Corporation's and Bank's actual and required capital ratios as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:


Prompt Corrective Action Thresholds
 ActualBasel III Minimum Capital RequiredWell Capitalized
September 30, 2023AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
Total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets
First Merchants Corporation$2,005,401 13.66 %$1,541,750 10.50 %N/AN/A
First Merchants Bank1,911,504 13.01 1,542,558 10.50 $1,469,103 10.00 %
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
First Merchants Corporation$1,678,208 11.43 %$1,248,083 8.50 %N/AN/A
First Merchants Bank1,727,271 11.76 1,248,738 8.50 $1,175,282 8.00 %
CET1 capital to risk-weighted assets
First Merchants Corporation$1,653,208 11.26 %$1,027,833 7.00 %N/AN/A
First Merchants Bank1,727,271 11.76 1,028,372 7.00 $954,917 6.50 %
Tier 1 capital to average assets
First Merchants Corporation$1,678,208 9.63 %$697,226 4.00 %N/AN/A
First Merchants Bank1,727,271 9.92 696,705 4.00 $870,881 5.00 %
Prompt Corrective Action Thresholds
ActualBasel III Minimum Capital RequiredWell Capitalized
December 31, 2022AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
Total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets
First Merchants Corporation$1,882,254 13.08 %$1,511,230 10.50 %N/AN/A
First Merchants Bank1,822,296 12.65 1,513,064 10.50 $1,441,014 10.00 %
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
First Merchants Corporation$1,558,281 10.83 %$1,223,377 8.50 %N/AN/A
First Merchants Bank1,641,210 11.39 1,224,862 8.50 $1,152,811 8.00 %
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
First Merchants Corporation$1,533,281 10.65 %$1,007,487 7.00 %N/AN/A
First Merchants Bank1,641,210 11.39 1,008,710 7.00 $936,659 6.50 %
Tier 1 capital to average assets
First Merchants Corporation$1,558,281 9.10 %$684,758 4.00 %N/AN/A
First Merchants Bank1,641,210 9.60 683,680 4.00 $854,600 5.00 %


On April 9, 2020, federal banking regulators issued an interim final rule to modify the Basel III regulatory capital rules applicable to banking
organizations to allow those organizations participating in the PPP to neutralize the regulatory capital effects of participating in the program. The
interim final rule, which became effective April 13, 2020, clarified that PPP loans receive a zero percent risk-weight for purposes of determining
risk-weighted assets and the CET1, tier 1 and total risk-based capital ratios. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, risk-weighted assets included $3.0 million and $4.7 million, respectively, of PPP loans at a zero risk weight.

Basel III permits banks with less than $15 billion in assets to continue to treat trust preferred securities as tier 1 capital. This treatment is permanently grandfathered as tier 1 capital even if the Corporation should ever exceed $15 billion in assets due to organic growth but not following certain mergers or acquisitions. As a result, while the Corporation’s total assets exceeded $15 billion as of December 31, 2021, the Corporation has continued to treat its trust preferred securities as tier 1 capital as of such date. However, under certain amendments to the “transition rules” of Basel III, if a bank holding company that held less than $15 billion of assets as of December 31, 2009 (which would include the Corporation) acquires a bank holding company with under $15 billion in assets at the time of acquisition (which would include Level One), and the resulting organization has total consolidated assets of $15 billion or more as reported on the resulting organization’s call report for the period in which the transaction occurred, the resulting organization must begin reflecting its trust preferred securities as tier 2 capital at such time. As a result, effective with the April 1, 2022 consummation of the Level One merger, the Corporation began reflecting all of its trust preferred securities as tier 2 capital.

Management believes the disclosed capital ratios are meaningful measurements for evaluating the safety and soundness of the Corporation. Traditionally, the banking regulators have assessed bank and bank holding company capital adequacy based on both the amount and the composition of capital, the calculation of which is prescribed in federal banking regulations. The Federal Reserve focuses its assessment of capital adequacy on a component of tier 1 capital known as CET1. Because the Federal Reserve has long indicated that voting common shareholders' equity (essentially tier 1 risk-based capital less preferred stock and non-controlling interest in subsidiaries) generally should be the dominant element in tier 1 risk-based capital, this focus on CET1 is consistent with existing capital adequacy categories. tier I regulatory capital consists primarily of total common stockholders’ equity and subordinated debentures issued to business trusts categorized as qualifying borrowings, less non-qualifying intangible assets and unrealized net securities gains or losses.


51


PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

A reconciliation of regulatory measures are detailed in the following table as of the dates indicated.
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)First Merchants CorporationFirst Merchants BankFirst Merchants CorporationFirst Merchants Bank
Total Risk-Based Capital
Total Stockholders' Equity (GAAP)$2,092,644 $2,143,339 $2,034,770 $2,119,316 
Adjust for Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss (1)
307,270 305,191 239,151 237,094 
Less: Preferred Stock(25,125)(125)(25,125)(125)
Add: Qualifying Capital Securities25,000 — 25,000 — 
Less: Disallowed Goodwill and Intangible Assets(732,903)(732,455)(738,206)(737,758)
Add: Modified CECL Transition Amount11,514 11,514 23,028 23,028 
Less: Disallowed Deferred Tax Assets(192)(193)(337)(345)
Total Tier 1 Capital (Regulatory)1,678,208 1,727,271 1,558,281 1,641,210 
Qualifying Subordinated Debentures143,147 — 143,103 — 
Allowance for Loan Losses Includible in Tier 2 Capital184,046 184,233 180,870 181,086 
Total Risk-Based Capital (Regulatory)$2,005,401 $1,911,504 $1,882,254 $1,822,296 
Net Risk-Weighted Assets (Regulatory)$14,683,329 $14,691,030 $14,392,671 $14,410,136 
Average Assets (Regulatory)$17,430,658 $17,417,618 $17,118,953 $17,092,008 
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio (Regulatory)13.66 %13.01 %13.08 %12.65 %
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets11.43 %11.76 %10.83 %11.39 %
Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets9.63 %9.92 %9.10 %9.60 %
CET1 Capital Ratio
Total Tier 1 Capital (Regulatory)$1,678,208 $1,727,271 $1,558,281 $1,641,210 
Less: Qualified Capital Securities(25,000)— (25,000)— 
CET1 Capital (Regulatory)$1,653,208 $1,727,271 $1,533,281 $1,641,210 
Net Risk-Weighted Assets (Regulatory)$14,683,329 $14,691,030 $14,392,671 $14,410,136 
CET1 Capital Ratio (Regulatory)11.26 %11.76 %10.65 %11.39 %


(1) Includes net unrealized gains or losses on available for sale securities, net gains or losses on cash flow hedges, and amounts resulting from the application of the applicable accounting guidance for defined benefit and other postretirement plans.


In management's view, certain non-GAAP financial measures, when taken together with the corresponding GAAP financial measures and ratios, provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our performance. We believe investors benefit from referring to these non-GAAP financial measures and ratios in assessing our operating results, related trends and when forecasting future periods. However, these non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, and not a substitute for or preferable to, financial measures and ratios presented in accordance with GAAP.

The Corporation's tangible common equity measures are capital adequacy metrics that are meaningful to the Corporation, as well as analysts and investors, in assessing the Corporation's use of equity and in facilitating period-to-period and company-to-company comparisons. Tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio was 7.69 percent at September 30, 2023, and 7.34 percent at December 31, 2022.

Non-GAAP financial measures such as tangible common equity to tangible assets, tangible earnings per share, return on average tangible assets and return on average tangible equity are important measures of the strength of the Corporation's capital and ability to generate earnings on tangible common equity invested by our shareholders. These non-GAAP measures provide useful supplemental information and may assist investors in analyzing the Corporation’s financial position without regard to the effects of intangible assets and preferred stock, but retain the effect of accumulated other comprehensive gains (losses) in shareholder's equity. Disclosure of these measures also allows analysts and banking regulators to assess our capital adequacy on these same bases.

The tables within the “NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES” section of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations reconcile traditional GAAP measures to these non-GAAP financial measures at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.









52


PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

LOAN QUALITY AND PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS

The Corporation’s primary lending focus is small business and middle market commercial, commercial real estate, public finance and residential real estate, which results in portfolio diversification.  Commercial loans are individually underwritten and judgmentally risk rated.  They are periodically monitored and prompt corrective actions are taken on deteriorating loans.  Consumer loans are typically underwritten with statistical decision-making tools and are managed throughout their life cycle on a portfolio basis.

Loan Maturities

The following tables present the maturity distribution of our loan portfolio, excluding loans held for sale, by collateral classification at September 30, 2023 according to contractual maturities of (1) one year or less, (2) after one year but within five years and (3) after five years. The tables also present the portion of loans by loan classification that have fixed interest rates or variable interest rates that fluctuate over the life of the loans in accordance with changes in an interest rate index.


(Dollars in Thousands)Maturing
Within 1 Year
Maturing
1-5 Years
Maturing Over
5 Years
Total
Commercial and industrial loans$789,625 $2,380,668 $320,660 $3,490,953 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers67,166 36,355 130,317 233,838 
Real estate loans:
Construction362,223 448,083 211,955 1,022,261 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied350,269 956,714 1,053,613 2,360,596 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied81,915 584,407 487,385 1,153,707 
Residential21,377 136,774 2,099,234 2,257,385 
Home Equity21,958 39,744 547,650 609,352 
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures23,138 98,730 54,655 176,523 
Public finance and other commercial loans10,093 50,087 906,627 966,807 
Total$1,727,764 $4,731,562 $5,812,096 $12,271,422 

(Dollars in Thousands)Maturing
Within 1 Year
Maturing
1-5 Years
Maturing Over
5 Years
Total
Commercial and industrial loans$27,699 $332,511 $180,161 $540,371 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers10,545 26,704 14,613 51,862 
Real estate loans:
Construction5,246 34,040 174,015 213,301 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied130,701 444,206 177,844 752,751 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied44,064 395,518 138,697 578,279 
Residential13,115 112,816 920,546 1,046,477 
Home Equity5,949 9,811 10,005 25,765 
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures5,095 76,523 24,537 106,155 
Public finance and other commercial loans2,855 27,457 875,745 906,057 
Total loans with fixed interest rates$245,269 $1,459,586 $2,516,163 $4,221,018 

(Dollars in Thousands)Maturing
Within 1 Year
Maturing
1-5 Years
Maturing Over
5 Years
Total
Commercial and industrial loans$761,926 $2,048,157 $140,499 $2,950,582 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers56,621 9,651 115,704 181,976 
Real estate loans:
Construction356,977 414,043 37,940 808,960 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied219,568 512,508 875,769 1,607,845 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied37,851 188,889 348,688 575,428 
Residential8,262 23,958 1,178,688 1,210,908 
Home Equity16,009 29,933 537,645 583,587 
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures18,043 22,207 30,118 70,368 
Public finance and other commercial loans7,238 22,630 30,882 60,750 
Total loans with variable interest rates$1,482,495 $3,271,976 $3,295,933 $8,050,404 


53


PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Loan Quality

The quality of the loan portfolio and the amount of nonperforming loans may increase or decrease as a result of acquisitions, organic portfolio growth, problem loan recognition and resolution through collections, sales or charge-offs. The performance of any loan can be affected by external factors such as economic conditions, or internal factors specific to a particular borrower, such as the actions of a customer's internal management.

At September 30, 2023, nonperforming loans totaled $53.1 million, an increase of $10.6 million from December 31, 2022. Nonaccrual loans totaled $53.1 million at September 30, 2023, an increase of $10.8 million from December 31, 2022, primarily due to an $8.7 million loan to a material handling company that moved to nonaccrual in 2023.

Other real estate owned and repossessions, totaling $6.5 million at September 30, 2023, increased $49,000 from December 31, 2022. For other real estate owned, current appraisals are obtained to determine fair value as management continues to aggressively market these real estate assets.

According to applicable accounting guidance, loans that no longer exhibit similar risk characteristics are evaluated individually to determine if there is a need for a specific reserve. Commercial loans under $500,000 and consumer loans are not individually evaluated. The determination for individual evaluation is made based on current information or events that may suggest it is probable that not all amounts due of principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement, will be substantially collected.

The Corporation's nonperforming assets plus accruing loans 90 days or more delinquent and individually evaluated loans are presented in the table below.
(Dollars in Thousands)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Nonperforming Assets:  
Nonaccrual loans$53,102 $42,324 
Renegotiated loans— 224 
Nonperforming loans (NPL)53,102 42,548 
OREO and Repossessions6,480 6,431 
Nonperforming assets (NPA)59,582 48,979 
Loans 90-days or more delinquent and still accruing89 1,737 
NPAs and loans 90-days or more delinquent$59,671 $50,716 


The composition of nonperforming assets plus accruing loans 90-days or more delinquent is reflected in the following table by loan class.
(Dollars in Thousands)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Nonperforming assets and loans 90-days or more delinquent:  
Commercial and industrial loans$14,749 $4,439 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers61 54 
Real estate loans: 
Construction724 12 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied17,431 25,494 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied3,125 3,550 
Residential20,661 14,315 
Home equity2,818 2,742 
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures102 110 
Nonperforming assets and loans 90-days or more delinquent:$59,671 $50,716 

Provision and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

The Corporation adopted FASB Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("CECL") on January 1, 2021. CECL replaces the previous "incurred loss" model with an "expected loss" model of measuring credit losses, which encompasses allowances for losses expected to be incurred over the life of the portfolio. The new CECL model requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost based on historical experiences, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. CECL also requires enhanced disclosures related to the significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as credit quality and underwriting standards of an organization's portfolio. Additional details of the Corporation's CECL methodology and allowance calculation are discussed within NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The CECL allowance is maintained through the provision for credit losses, which is a charge against earnings. Based on management’s judgment as to the appropriate level of the allowance for credit losses, the amount provided in any period may be greater or less than net loan losses for the same period. The determination of the provision amount and the adequacy of the allowance in any period is based on management’s continuing review and evaluation of the loan portfolio.
54


PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The Corporation’s loan balances, excluding loans held for sale, increased $267.5 million from December 31, 2022 to $12.3 billion at September 30, 2023. At September 30, 2023, the allowance for credit losses totaled $205.8 million, which represents a decrease of $17.5 million from December 31, 2022. As a percentage of loans, the allowance for credit losses was 1.68 percent compared to 1.86 percent at December 31, 2022.

Net charge-offs totaling $20.4 million and $22.5 million, respectively, were recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. There were two large commercial and industrial loan charge-offs of $13.7 million and $5.4 million in the third quarter of 2023, the largest of which was due to the charge-off of a previously reported nonaccrual loan to a syndicated specialty finance company resulting from alleged fraud that impacted our borrower's ability to repay. The effect of the third quarter charge-offs on the ACL- loans was offset by provision expense on loans of $5.0 million in the third quarter of 2023. Reserves for unfunded commitments were reduced by $3.0 million due to a decline in unfunded commitment balances, which resulted in a net provision expense of $2.0 million in the third quarter of 2023, as compared to no provision expense in the same period of 2022. There was $16.8 million in provision for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 which related to the acquisition of Level One Bank. Net recoveries totaling $427,000 and $751,000, respectively, were recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, there were the two aforementioned individual charge-offs greater than $500,000, that totaled $19.1 million. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, there were no individual recoveries greater than $500,000. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, there were no individual charge-offs greater than $500,000. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, there was one individual recovery greater than $500,000, that totaled $515,000. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, there were two individual recoveries greater than $500,000, that totaled $1.2 million. The distribution of the net charge-offs (recoveries) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are reflected in the following table.
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in Thousands)2023202220232022
Net charge-offs (recoveries):    
Commercial and industrial loans$19,654 $225 $19,937 $239 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers— — — (4)
Real estate loans:
Construction— (824)— (824)
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied— (171)(44)(68)
Commercial real estate, owner occupied— (16)(8)(905)
Residential(14)(77)67 (55)
Home equity437 264 1,749 235 
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures288 172 794 631 
Total net charge-offs (recoveries)$20,365 $(427)$22,495 $(751)


Management continually evaluates the commercial loan portfolio by including consideration of specific borrower cash flow analysis and estimated collateral values, types and amounts on nonperforming loans, past and anticipated credit loss experience, changes in the composition of the loan portfolio, and the current condition and amount of loans outstanding. The determination of the provision for credit losses in any period is based on management’s continuing review and evaluation of the loan portfolio, and its judgment as to the impact of current economic conditions on the portfolio. The allowance for credit losses remains robust, along with $24.9 million of fair value accretion remaining on the acquired portfolio. The Corporation continues to monitor economic forecast changes, loan growth and credit quality to determine provision needs in the future.

LIQUIDITY

Liquidity management is the process by which the Corporation ensures that adequate liquid funds are available for the holding company and its subsidiaries. These funds are necessary in order to meet financial commitments on a timely basis. These commitments include withdrawals by depositors, funding credit obligations to borrowers, paying dividends to stockholders, paying operating expenses, funding capital expenditures, and maintaining deposit reserve requirements. Liquidity is monitored and closely managed by the asset/liability committee.

The Corporation’s liquidity is dependent upon the receipt of dividends from the Bank, which is subject to certain regulatory limitations and access to other funding sources.  Liquidity of the Bank is derived primarily from core deposit growth, principal payments received on loans, the sale and maturity of investment securities, net cash provided by operating activities, and access to other funding sources.

The principal source of asset-funded liquidity is investment securities classified as available for sale, the market values of which totaled $1.5 billion at September 30, 2023, a decrease of $476.5 million, or 24.1 percent, from December 31, 2022.  Securities classified as held to maturity that are maturing within a short period of time can also be a source of liquidity. Securities classified as held to maturity and that are maturing in one year or less totaled $9.4 million at September 30, 2023. In addition, other types of assets such as cash and interest-bearing deposits with other banks, federal funds sold and loans maturing within one year are sources of liquidity.

The most stable source of liability-funded liquidity for both the long-term and short-term is deposit growth and retention in the core deposit base.  Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase are also considered a source of liquidity. In addition, FHLB advances are utilized as a funding source. At September 30, 2023, total borrowings from the FHLB were $713.4 million. The Bank has pledged certain mortgage loans and investments to the FHLB. The total available remaining borrowing capacity from the FHLB at September 30, 2023 was $702.7 million.
55


PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

In March 2023, the Federal Reserve created the Bank Term Funding Program (“BTFP”). The BTFP is a new facility established in response to recent liquidity concerns within the banking industry in part due to recent deposit runs that resulted in a few large bank failures. The BTFP was designed to provide available additional funding to eligible depository institutions in order to help assure that banks have the ability to meet the needs of all their depositors. Under the program, eligible depository institutions can obtain loans of up to one year in length by pledging U.S. Treasuries, agency debt and mortgage-backed securities, and other qualifying assets as collateral. These assets will be valued at par. The BTFP is intended to eliminate the need for depository institutions to quickly sell their securities when they are experiencing stress on their liquidity. As of September 30, 2023, the Bank has no outstanding balance from the BTFP facility.

The Corporation and the Bank receive outside credit ratings from Moody's. Both the Corporation and the Bank currently have Issuer Ratings of Baa1. Additionally, the Bank has a Baseline Credit Assessment Rating of a3. Management considers these ratings to be indications of a sound capital base and strong liquidity and believes that these ratings would help ensure the ready marketability of its commercial paper. Because of the Corporation's and Bank's current levels of long-term debt, management believes it could generate additional liquidity from various sources should the need arise.

The following table presents the Corporation's material cash requirements from known contractual and other obligations at September 30, 2023:

Payments Due In
(Dollars in Thousands)One Year or LessOver One YearTotal
Deposits without stated maturity$12,524,202 $— $12,524,202 
Certificates and other time deposits1,940,694 181,680 2,122,374 
Securities sold under repurchase agreements152,537 — 152,537 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances125,096 588,288 713,384 
Federal Funds Purchased— — — 
Subordinated debentures and term loans1,325 157,340 158,665 
Total$14,743,854 $927,308 $15,671,162 


Also, in the normal course of business, the Bank is a party to a number of other off-balance sheet activities that contain credit, market and operational risk that are not reflected in whole or in part in our consolidated financial statements.  These activities primarily consist of traditional off-balance sheet credit-related financial instruments such as loan commitments and standby letters of credit.

Summarized credit-related financial instruments at September 30, 2023 are as follows:
(Dollars in Thousands)September 30, 2023
Amounts of commitments: 
Loan commitments to extend credit$5,074,572 
Standby and commercial letters of credit39,812 
 $5,114,384 


Since many of the commitments are expected to expire unused or be only partially used, the total amount of unused commitments in the preceding table does not necessarily represent future cash requirements.

INTEREST SENSITIVITY AND DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

Asset/Liability management has been an important factor in the Corporation's ability to record consistent earnings growth through periods of interest rate volatility and product deregulation. Management and the Board of Directors monitor the Corporation's liquidity and interest sensitivity positions at regular meetings to review how changes in interest rates may affect earnings.  Decisions regarding investment and the pricing of loan and deposit products are made after analysis of reports designed to measure liquidity, rate sensitivity, the Corporation’s exposure to changes in net interest income given various rate scenarios and the economic and competitive environments.

It is the objective of the Corporation to monitor and manage risk exposure to net interest income caused by changes in interest rates.  It is the goal of the Corporation’s Asset/Liability management function to provide optimum and stable net interest income. To accomplish this, management uses two asset liability tools. GAP/Interest Rate Sensitivity Reports and Net Interest Income Simulation Modeling are constructed, presented and monitored quarterly. Management believes that the Corporation's liquidity and interest sensitivity position at September 30, 2023, remained adequate to meet the Corporation’s primary goal of achieving optimum interest margins while avoiding undue interest rate risk.

Net interest income simulation modeling, or earnings-at-risk, measures the sensitivity of net interest income to various interest rate movements. The Corporation's asset liability process monitors simulated net interest income under three separate interest rate scenarios; base, rising and falling. Estimated net interest income for each scenario is calculated over a twelve-month horizon. The immediate and parallel changes to the base case scenario used in the model are presented below. The interest rate scenarios are used for analytical purposes and do not necessarily represent management's view of future market movements. Rather, these are intended to provide a measure of the degree of volatility interest rate movements may introduce into the earnings of the Corporation.


56


PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The base scenario is highly dependent on numerous assumptions embedded in the model, including assumptions related to future interest rates. While the base sensitivity analysis incorporates management's best estimate of interest rate and balance sheet dynamics under various market rate movements, the actual behavior and resulting earnings impact will likely differ from that projected. For certain assets, the base simulation model captures the expected prepayment behavior under changing interest rate environments. Assumptions and methodologies regarding the interest rate or balance behavior of indeterminate maturity products, such as savings, money market, interest-bearing and demand deposits, reflect management's best estimate of expected future behavior. Historical retention rate assumptions are applied to non-maturity deposits for modeling purposes.

The comparative rising 200 basis points and falling 100 basis points scenarios below, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, assume further interest rate changes in addition to the base simulation discussed above. These changes are immediate and parallel changes to the base case scenario.


Results for the rising 200 basis points, and falling 100 basis points interest rate scenarios are listed below based upon the Corporation’s rate sensitive assets and liabilities at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The change from the base scenario represents cumulative net interest income over a twelve-month time horizon. Balance sheet assumptions used for the base scenario are the same for the rising and falling simulations.

September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Rising 200 basis points from base case1.5 %2.8 %
Falling 100 basis points from base case(1.1)%(2.3)%

OTHER

The Securities and Exchange Commission maintains a web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the Commission, including the Corporation, and that address is (http://www.sec.gov).

57


PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE
DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

ITEM 3.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The information required under this item is included as part of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, under the headings “LIQUIDITY” and “INTEREST SENSITIVITY AND DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK”.
58


PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

ITEM 4.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

At the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective. Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.

There have been no changes in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation discussed above that occurred during the Corporation’s last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.

59


PART II: OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1., ITEM 1A., ITEM 2., ITEM 3., ITEM 4. AND ITEM 5.
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
ITEM 1.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

There are no pending legal proceedings, other than litigation incidental to the ordinary business of the Corporation or its subsidiaries, of a material nature to which the Corporation or its subsidiaries is a party or of which any of their properties is subject. Further, there are no material legal proceedings in which any director, officer, principal shareholder, or affiliate of the Corporation, or any associate of any such director, officer or principal shareholder, is a party, or has a material interest, adverse to the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries.

None of the routine legal proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, in which the Corporation or its affiliates are involved are expected to have a material adverse impact on the financial position or the results of operations of the Corporation.

ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS

Except for the additional risk factors set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Adverse developments affecting the financial services industry, such as recent bank failures or concerns involving liquidity, may have a material effect on our operations.

Recent events relating to the failures of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank in March 2023 has caused general uncertainty and concerns regarding the adequacy of liquidity in the banking sector as a whole. A financial institution’s liquidity reflects its ability to meet customer demand for loans, accommodating possible outflows in deposits and accessing alternative sources of funds when needed, while at the same time taking advantage of interest rate market opportunities. The ability to manage liquidity is fundamental to a financial institution’s business and success. The bank failures in March 2023 highlight the potential results of an insured depository institution unexpectedly having to obtain needed liquidity to satisfy deposit withdrawal requests, including how quickly such requests can accelerate once uninsured depositors lose confidence in an institutions ability to satisfy its obligations to depositors. Current market uncertainties and other external factors may impact the competitive landscape for deposits in the banking industry in an unpredictable manner. In addition, the rising interest rate environment has continued to increase competition for liquidity and the premium at which liquidity is available to meet funding needs. These possible impacts may adversely affect our future operating results, including net income, and negatively impact capital.

Regulatory requirements arising from recent events in the financial services industry, or the application of current regulations, could increase our expenses and affect our operations.

We anticipate the potential of new regulations for banks of similar size to the Bank, designed to address the recent developments in the financial services industry, which may increase our costs of doing business and reduce our profitability. Among other things, there may be an increased focus by both regulators and investors on deposit composition and the level of uninsured deposits. We also expect that another result of the recent bank failures, as well as any future bank failures, will be an increase to our FDIC insurance premiums in future years, further increasing our cost of doing business.

ITEM 2.  UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

a. None

b. None

c. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table presents information relating to our purchases of equity securities during the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Period
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased (1)
Average
Price Paid
per Share
Total Number of Shares
Purchased as part of Publicly announced Plans or Programs
Maximum Number of Shares
that may yet be Purchased
Under the Plans or Programs (2)
July, 2023— $— — 2,686,898 
August, 202339,767 $31.93 — 2,686,898 
September, 2023544 $30.42 — 2,686,898 
Total40,311 — 

(1) During the three months ended September 30, 2023, there were no shares repurchased pursuant to the Corporation's share repurchase program described in note (2) below. The share repurchases in August and September 2023 represent shares repurchased pursuant to net settlement by employees in satisfaction of income tax withholding obligations incurred through the vesting of the Corporation's restricted stock awards and are not a part of the Corporation's share repurchase program described in note (2) below.

(2) On January 27, 2021, the Board of Directors of the Corporation approved a stock repurchase program of up to 3,333,000 shares of the Corporation's outstanding common stock; provided, however, that the total aggregate investment in shares repurchased under the program may not exceed $100,000,000. The program does not have an expiration date. However, it may be discontinued by the Board at any time. Since commencing the program, the Corporation has repurchased a total of 646,102 shares of common stock for a total aggregate investment of $25,443,391.


ITEM 3.  DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None

60


PART II: OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1., ITEM 1A., ITEM 2., ITEM 3., ITEM 4. AND ITEM 5.
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

ITEM 4.  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not Applicable 

ITEM 5.  OTHER INFORMATION

a. None

b. None

c. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, no director or officer of the Corporation adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

61


PART II: OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

ITEM 6.  EXHIBITS
 
Exhibit No:Description of Exhibits:
3.1
3.2
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
31.1
31.2
32
101.INSInline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document (1)
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document (1)
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document (1)
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document (1)
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document (1)
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document (1)
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and included in Exhibit 101)
(1)Filed herewith.
(2)Furnished herewith.

62


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
First Merchants Corporation
(Registrant)
November 1, 2023
by /s/ Mark K. Hardwick
Mark K. Hardwick
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
November 1, 2023
by /s/ Michele M. Kawiecki
Michele M. Kawiecki
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

63