FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF COLONY BANKCORP, INC. (PARENT ONLY) - Balance Sheets, Parent Company - Shares Information (Details) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Condensed Balance Sheet Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 1	$ 1
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	17,564,182	17,598,123
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	17,564,182	17,598,123
Parent Company
Condensed Balance Sheet Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 1.00	$ 1.00
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	17,564,182	17,598,123
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	17,564,182	17,598,123