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Loans
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans Loans
The following table presents the composition of loans segregated by class of loans, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
(dollars in thousands)June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Construction, land & land development$249,423 $229,435 
Other commercial real estate979,509 975,447 
Total commercial real estate1,228,932 1,204,882 
Residential real estate325,407 290,054 
Commercial, financial & agricultural 243,458 223,923 
Consumer and other41,045 18,247 
Total Loans$1,838,842 $1,737,106 
Included in the above table are government guaranteed loans totaling $69.2 million at June 30, 2023 and $58.4 million at December 31, 2022. The following table presents the composition of government guaranteed loans segregated by class of loans for each respective period.

(dollars in thousands)June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Construction, land & land development$6,547 $5,888 
Other commercial real estate35,790 32,642 
Total commercial real estate42,337 38,530 
Residential real estate10,479 8,036 
Commercial, financial & agricultural 16,354 11,787 
Consumer and other— — 
Total Loans$69,170 $58,353 

The Company elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis of loans disclosed throughout this note. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, accrued interest receivable for loans totaled $7.1 million and $6.8 million, respectively, and is included in the "other assets" line item on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

Commercial, financial & agricultural loans are extended to a diverse group of businesses within the Company’s market area. These loans are often underwritten based on the borrower’s ability to service the debt from income from the business. Real estate construction loans often require loan funds to be advanced prior to completion of the project. Due to uncertainties
inherent in estimating construction costs, changes in interest rates and other economic conditions, these loans often pose a higher risk than other types of loans. Consumer and other loans are originated at the Bank level.
Credit Quality Indicators. As part of the ongoing monitoring of the credit quality of the loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to (1) the risk grade assigned to commercial and consumer loans, (2) the level of classified commercial loans, (3) net charge-offs, (4) nonperforming loans, and (5) the general economic conditions in the Company’s geographic markets.
The Company uses a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of its loans. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 10. A description of the general characteristics of the grades is as follows:
•Grades 1, 2 and 3 - Borrowers with these assigned risk grades range from virtual absence of risk to minimal risk. Such loans may be secured by Company-issued and controlled certificates of deposit or properly margined equity securities or bonds. Other loans comprising these grades are made to companies that have been in existence for a long period of time with many years of consecutive profits and strong equity, good liquidity, excellent debt service ability and unblemished past performance, or to exceptionally strong individuals with collateral of unquestioned value that fully secures the loans. Loans in this category fall into the “pass” classification.
•Grades 4 and 5 - Loans assigned these “pass” risk grades are made to borrowers with acceptable credit quality and risk. The risk ranges from loans with no significant weaknesses in repayment capacity and collateral protection to acceptable loans with one or more risk factors considered to be more than average. These loans are also included in into the “pass” classification.
•Grade 6 - This grade includes “special mention” loans on management’s watch list and is intended to be used on a temporary basis for pass grade loans where risk-modifying action is intended in the short-term.
•Grades 7 and 8 - These grades includes “substandard” loans in accordance with regulatory guidelines. This category includes borrowers with well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the payment of the debt in accordance with the agreed terms. Loans considered to be impaired are assigned grade 8, and these loans often have assigned loss allocations as part of the allowance for credit losses. Generally, loans on which interest accrual has been stopped would be included in this grade.
•Grades 9 and 10 - These grades correspond to regulatory classification definitions of “doubtful” and “loss,” respectively. In practice, any loan with these grades would be for a very short period of time, and generally the Company has no loans with these assigned grades. Management manages the Company’s problem loans in such a way that uncollectible loans or uncollectible portions of loans are charged off immediately with any residual, collectible amounts assigned a risk grade of 7 or 8. 
The following table presents the loan portfolio segregated by class of loans and the risk category of term loans by vintage year, which is the year of origination or most recent renewal, as of June 30, 2023. Those loans with a risk grade of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 have been combined in the pass column for presentation purposes. There were no loans with a risk rating of "doubtful" or "loss" at June 30, 2023.
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(dollars in thousands)20232022202120202019PriorRevolversRevolvers converted to term loansTotal
June 30, 2023
Construction, land & land development
Risk rating
Pass$56,347 $141,352 $32,510 $8,976 $1,056 $6,009 $2,356 $— $248,606 
Special Mention— — 26 — — 221 — — 247 
Substandard— 457 5 — 22 86 — — 570 
Total Construction, land & land development56,347 141,809 32,541 8,976 1,078 6,316 2,356 — 249,423 
  Current period gross write offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Other commercial real estate
Risk rating
Pass35,163 322,788 219,126 95,923 88,754 165,797 25,534 1,098 954,183 
Special Mention— 2,593 2,932 2,147 4,992 6,708 — — 19,372 
Substandard— 2,691 246 — — 2,999 18 — 5,954 
Total Other commercial real estate35,163 328,072 222,304 98,070 93,746 175,504 25,552 1,098 979,509 
Current period gross write offs— — — — — — — — — 
Residential real estate
Risk rating
Pass34,275 120,066 54,196 23,780 9,493 47,899 21,413 75 311,197 
Special Mention551 445 143 56 788 4,945 98 — 7,026 
Substandard— 1,023 472 156 290 5,243 — — 7,184 
Total Residential real estate34,826 121,534 54,811 23,992 10,571 58,087 21,511 75 325,407 
Current period gross write offs— — — — — — — — — 
Commercial, financial & agricultural
Risk rating
Pass42,930 61,342 27,271 15,496 5,942 15,754 67,300 136 236,171 
Special Mention200 267 165 374 23 62 731 — 1,822 
Substandard— 89 4,827 137 34 269 98 11 5,465 
Total Commercial, financial & agricultural43,130 61,698 32,263 16,007 5,999 16,085 68,129 147 243,458 
Current period gross write offs— 200 182 — — 61 — — 443 
Consumer and other
Risk rating
Pass28,570 5,287 2,697 1,733 1,127 1,078 370 — 40,862 
Special Mention— 10 48 6 24 3 — — 91 
Substandard16 36 4 22 1 13 — — 92 
Total Consumer and other28,586 5,333 2,749 1,761 1,152 1,094 370 — 41,045 
Current period gross write offs— — — 3 — — — — 3 
Total Loans
Risk rating
Pass197,286 650,835 335,799 145,907 106,372 236,537 116,974 1,310 1,791,020 
Special Mention751 3,315 3,312 2,583 5,827 11,938 829 — 28,555 
Substandard16 4,298 5,554 316 346 8,610 116 11 19,267 
Total Loans$198,053 $658,448 $344,665 $148,806 $112,545 $257,085 $117,919 $1,321 $1,838,842 
Total current period gross write offs$— $200 $182 $3 $— $61 $— $— $446 
The following table presents the loan portfolio by credit quality indicator (risk grade) as of December 31, 2022. Those loans with a risk grade of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 have been combined
in the pass column for presentation purposes. There were no loans with a risk rating of "doubtful" or "loss" at December 31, 2022.
(dollars in thousands)Special
December 31, 2022PassMentionSubstandardTotal
Construction, land & land development$228,494 $290 $651 $229,435 
Other commercial real estate951,126 17,562 6,759 975,447 
Total commercial real estate1,179,620 17,852 7,410 1,204,882 
Residential real estate277,930 6,574 5,550 290,054 
Commercial, financial & agricultural220,908 885 2,130 223,923 
Consumer and other18,157 54 $36 18,247 
Total Loans$1,696,615 $25,365 $15,126 $1,737,106 
A loan’s risk grade is assigned at loan origination and is based on the financial strength of the borrower and the type of collateral. Loan risk grades are subject to review at various times throughout the year as part of the Company’s ongoing loan review process. Loans with an assigned risk grade of six or below and an outstanding balance of $500,000 or more are reassessed on a quarterly basis. During this reassessment process individual reserves may be identified and placed against certain loans which are not considered impaired.
In assessing the overall economic condition of the markets in which it operates, the Company monitors the unemployment rates for its major service areas. The unemployment rates are reviewed on a quarterly basis as part of the allowance for credit loss determination.
Loans are placed on nonaccrual status if principal or interest payments become 90 days past due or when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory guidelines. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due.
Collateral-Dependent Loans
We classify a loan as collateral-dependent when our borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, and we expect repayment to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of collateral. Our commercial loans have collateral that is comprised of real estate and business assets. Our consumer loans have collateral that is substantially comprised of residential real estate.
There were no significant changes in the extent to which collateral secures our collateral-dependent loans during the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2023.
The following table presents the aging of the amortized cost basis of loans by aging category and accrual status as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
(dollars in thousands)30-89 Days
Past Due		90 Days
or More
Past Due		Total Accruing
Loans Past Due		Nonaccrual
Loans		Current LoansTotal Loans
June 30, 2023
Construction, land & land development$189 $— $189 $93 $249,141 $249,423 
Other commercial real estate362 — 362 2,233 976,914 979,509 
Total commercial real estate551 — 551 2,326 1,226,055 1,228,932 
Residential real estate1,643 — 1,643 4,275 319,489 325,407 
Commercial, financial & agricultural301 — 301 4,443 238,714 243,458 
Consumer and other120 — 120 41 40,884 41,045 
Total Loans$2,615 $— $2,615 $11,085 $1,825,142 $1,838,842 
December 31, 2022
Construction, land & land development$— $— $— $149 $229,286 $229,435 
Other commercial real estate395 — 395 1,509 973,543 975,447 
Total commercial real estate395 — 395 1,658 1,202,829 1,204,882 
Residential real estate882 — 882 2,686 286,486 290,054 
Commercial, financial & agricultural476 — 476 1,341 222,106 223,923 
Consumer and other40 — 40 21 18,186 18,247 
Total Loans$1,793 $— $1,793 $5,706 $1,729,607 $1,737,106 

The following table is a summary of the Company's nonaccrual loans by major categories for the periods indicated.
June 30, 2023
(dollars in thousands)Nonaccrual Loans with No Related ACLNonaccrual Loans with a Related ACLTotal Nonaccrual Loans
Construction, land & land development$32 $61 $93 
Other commercial real estate1,344 889 2,233 
Total commercial real estate1,376 950 2,326 
Residential real estate1,400 2,875 4,275 
Commercial, financial & agricultural3,484 959 4,443 
Consumer and other— 41 41 
Total Loans$6,260 $4,825 $11,085 
The following table details impaired loan data, including purchased credit impaired loans, as of December 31, 2022.
December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)Unpaid
Contractual
Principal
Balance		Recorded InvestmentRelated
Allowance		Average
Recorded
Investment
With No Related Allowance Recorded
Construction, land & land development$40 $40 $— $10 
Other commercial real estate3,754 3,754 — 5,311 
Residential real estate62 62 — 570 
Commercial, financial & agricultural— — — 306 
Consumer and other— — — 1 
3,856 3,856 — 6,198 
With An Allowance Recorded
Construction, land & land development474 474 44 177 
Other commercial real estate— — — 503 
Residential real estate— — — 588 
Commercial, financial & agricultural— — — 369 
Consumer and other— — — — 
474 474 44 1,637 
Purchased Credit Impaired Loans
Construction, land & land development— — — — 
Other commercial real estate798 798 33 760 
Residential real estate— — — 13 
Commercial, financial & agricultural— — — — 
Consumer and other— — — 65 
798 798 33 838 
Total
Construction, land & land development514 514 44 187 
Other commercial real estate4,552 4,552 33 6,574 
Residential real estate62 62 — 1,171 
Commercial, financial & agricultural— — — 675 
Consumer and other— — — 66 
$5,128 $5,128 $77 $8,673 
Interest income recorded on impaired loans during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $206,000 and $165,000, respectively. Interest income recorded on impaired loans during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $360,000 and $380,000, respectively.
The allowance for credit losses incorporates an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses and is recorded on each asset upon asset origination or acquisition. The starting point for the estimate of the allowance for credit losses is historical loss information, which includes losses from modifications of receivables to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Company uses a discounted cash flow model to determine the allowance for credit losses. An assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made on the date of a modification.
Because the effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the allowance for credit losses because of the measurement methodologies used to estimate the allowance, a change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification. Occasionally, the Company modifies loans by providing principal forgiveness on certain of its real estate loans. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amortized cost basis of the asset is written off against the allowance for credit losses. The amount of the principal forgiveness is deemed to be uncollectible; therefore, that portion of the loan is written off, resulting in a reduction of the amortized cost basis and a corresponding adjustment to the allowance for credit losses.
In some cases, the Company will modify a certain loan by providing multiple types of concessions. Typically, one type of concession, such as a term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another concession, such as principal forgiveness, may be granted. Upon the Company's determination that a modified loan, or portion of a loan, has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan, or portion of the loan, is written off.
The Company had no loans that were modified due to financial difficulty during the three or six month periods ended June 30, 2023.
Prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02 on January 1, 2023, the restructuring of a loan was considered a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR") if both the borrower was experiencing financial difficulties and the Company had granted a concession to the terms of the loan. Concessions may have included interest rate reductions to below market interest rates, principal forgiveness, restructured amortization schedules and other actions intended to minimize potential losses.
As discussed in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, which are included in the Company’s 2022 Form 10-K, once a loan was identified as a TDR, it was accounted for as an impaired loan. The Company had no unfunded commitments to lend to a customer that had a troubled debt restructured loan as of December 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022. Loans modified in a TDR were considered to be in default once the loan became 90 days past due. A TDR ceased being classified as impaired if the loan was subsequently modified at market terms and, had performed according to the modified terms for at least six months, and there had not been any prior principal forgiveness on a cumulative basis.
The Company had no loans that subsequently defaulted during the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2022 and for the year ended December 31, 2022.