FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF COLONY BANKCORP, INC. (PARENT ONLY) - Balance Sheets, Parent Company - Shares Information (Details) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Condensed Balance Sheet Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 1	$ 1
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	17,598,123	13,673,898
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	17,598,123	13,673,898
Parent Company
Condensed Balance Sheet Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 1.00	$ 1.00
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	17,598,123	13,673,898
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	17,598,123	13,673,898