Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Presentation	Presentation Colony Bankcorp, Inc. (the “Company”) is a bank holding company located in Fitzgerald, Georgia. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Colony Bank, Fitzgerald, Georgia (the “Bank”). The “Company” or “our,” as used herein, includes Colony Bank, except where the context requires otherwise. In July 2019, a new subsidiary of the Company was incorporated under the name Colony Risk Management, Inc. Colony Risk Management, Inc. is a subsidiary of the Company and is located in Las Vegas, Nevada. It is a captive insurance subsidiary which insures various liability and property damage policies for the Company and its related subsidiaries. Colony Risk Management is regulated by the State of Nevada Division of Insurance. All adjustments consisting of normal recurring accruals which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for fair presentation of the interim consolidated financial statements, have been included and fairly and accurately present the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company. All significant intercompany accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform to generally accepted accounting principles and practices utilized in the commercial banking industry for interim financial information and Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information or notes required for complete financial statements. The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results which may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2022. These statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (“2021 Form 10-K”).
Nature of Operations	Nature of Operations The Bank provides a full range of retail, commercial and mortgage banking services for consumers and small- to medium-size businesses located primarily in central, south and coastal Georgia. The Bank is headquartered in Fitzgerald, Georgia with banking and mortgage offices in Albany, Ashburn, Athens, Broxton, Centerville, Columbus, Cordele, Douglas, Eastman, Fitzgerald, LaGrange, Leesburg, Macon, Moultrie, Quitman, Rochelle, Savannah, Soperton, Statesboro, Sylvester, Tifton, Valdosta and Warner Robins. Lending and investing activities are funded primarily by deposits gathered through its retail banking office network.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date and revenues and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the valuation of real estate acquired in connection with foreclosures or in satisfaction of loans and fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, including goodwill impairment.
Reclassifications	Reclassifications In certain instances, amounts reported in prior years’ consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to statement presentations selected for 2022. Such reclassifications have not materially affected previously reported stockholders’ equity or net income.
Concentrations of Credit Risk	Concentrations of Credit Risk Concentrations of credit risk can exist in relation to individual borrowers or groups of borrowers, certain types of collateral, certain types of industries, or certain geographic regions. The Company has a concentration in real estate loans as well as a geographic concentration that could pose an adverse credit risk. At June 30, 2022, approximately 86% of the Company’s loan portfolio was concentrated in loans secured by real estate. A substantial portion of borrowers’ ability to honor their contractual obligations is dependent upon the viability of the real estate economic sector. Management continues to monitor these concentrations and has considered these concentrations in its allowance for loan loss analysis. The success of the Company is dependent, to a certain extent, upon the economic conditions in the geographic markets it serves. Adverse changes in the economic conditions in these geographic markets would likely have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition. The operating results of the Company depend primarily on its net interest income. Accordingly, operations are subject to risks and uncertainties surrounding the exposure to changes in the interest rate environment. At times, the Company may have cash and cash equivalents at financial institutions in excess of federal deposit insurance limits. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with high credit quality financial institutions whose credit ratings are monitored by management to minimize credit risk.
Changes in Accounting Principles and Effects of New Accounting Pronouncements	Changes in Accounting Principles and Effects of New Accounting Pronouncements ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326). This ASU sets forth a “current expected credit loss” ("CECL") model which requires the Company to measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable supported forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost and applies to some off-balance sheet credit exposures. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. On October 16, 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") voted to extend the delay of the effective date of this ASU for smaller reporting companies, such as the Company, until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company is in the process of working with a third party vendor using their software solution to assist with adoption. The Company is also currently gathering necessary data to implement this change and is continuing to assess the impact of the adoption of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements. In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Reform (Topic 848) Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting ("ASU 2020-04"). ASU 2020-04 provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. The amendments are effective for the Company as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The provisions of ASU 2020-04 did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
Earnings Per Share	Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution of restricted stock.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements	Cash and short-term investments – For cash, due from banks, bank-owned deposits and federal funds sold, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value and is classified as Level 1. Investment securities – Fair values for investment securities are based on quoted market prices where available and classified as Level 1. If quoted market prices are not available, estimated fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments and classified as Level 2. If a comparable is not available, the investment securities are classified as Level 3. Other investments, at cost– The fair value of other bank stock approximates carrying value and is classified as Level 2. Fair values for investment funds are based on quoted market prices where available and classified as Level 1. If quoted market prices are not available, estimated fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments and classified as Level 2 If a comparable is not available, the investment securities are classified as Level 3. Loans held for sale – The fair value of loans held for sale is determined on outstanding commitments from third party investors in the secondary markets and is classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Loans – The fair value of fixed rate loans is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings. For variable rate loans, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value. Most loans are classified as Level 3. Deposit liabilities – The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts and certain money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date and is classified as Level 2. The fair value of deposits is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities and is classified as Level 2. Federal funds purchased – The carrying amounts of Federal funds purchased approximate fair value and are classified as Level 2. Federal Home Loan Bank advances– The fair value of Federal Home Loan Bank advances is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar advances would be obtained. Federal Home Loan Bank advances are classified as Level 2. Other borrowings – The fair value of other borrowings is calculated by discounting contractual cash flows using an estimated interest rate based on current rates available to the Company for debt of similar remaining maturities and collateral terms. Other borrowings is classified as Level 2 due to their expected maturities.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Colony Bankcorp, Inc. (the “Company”) is a bank holding company located in Fitzgerald, Georgia. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Colony Bank, Fitzgerald, Georgia (the “Bank”). The “Company” or “our,” as used herein, includes Colony Bank, except where the context requires otherwise.

In July 2019, a new subsidiary of the Company was incorporated under the name Colony Risk Management, Inc. Colony Risk Management, Inc. is a subsidiary of the Company and is located in Las Vegas, Nevada. It is a captive insurance subsidiary which insures various liability and property damage policies for the Company and its related subsidiaries. Colony Risk Management is regulated by the State of Nevada Division of Insurance.

All adjustments consisting of normal recurring accruals which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for fair presentation of the interim consolidated financial statements, have been included and fairly and accurately present the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company. All significant intercompany accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform to generally accepted accounting principles and practices utilized in the commercial banking industry for interim financial information and Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information or notes required for complete financial statements.

The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results which may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2022. These statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (“2021 Form 10-K”).

Nature of Operations

The Bank provides a full range of retail, commercial and mortgage banking services for consumers and small- to medium-size businesses located primarily in central, south and coastal Georgia. The Bank is headquartered in Fitzgerald, Georgia with banking and mortgage offices in Albany, Ashburn, Athens, Broxton, Centerville, Columbus, Cordele, Douglas, Eastman, Fitzgerald, LaGrange, Leesburg, Macon, Moultrie, Quitman, Rochelle, Savannah, Soperton, Statesboro, Sylvester, Tifton, Valdosta and Warner Robins. Lending and investing activities are funded primarily by deposits gathered through its retail banking office network.

Use of Estimates

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date and revenues and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the valuation of real estate acquired in connection with foreclosures or in satisfaction of loans and fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, including goodwill impairment.

Reclassifications

In certain instances, amounts reported in prior years’ consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to statement presentations selected for 2022. Such reclassifications have not materially affected previously reported stockholders’ equity or net income.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Concentrations of credit risk can exist in relation to individual borrowers or groups of borrowers, certain types of collateral, certain types of industries, or certain geographic regions. The Company has a concentration in real estate loans as well as a geographic concentration that could pose an adverse credit risk. At June 30, 2022, approximately 86% of the Company’s loan portfolio was concentrated in loans secured by real estate. A substantial portion of borrowers’ ability to honor their contractual obligations is dependent upon the viability of the real estate economic sector. Management continues to monitor these concentrations and has considered these concentrations in its allowance for loan loss analysis.

The success of the Company is dependent, to a certain extent, upon the economic conditions in the geographic markets it serves. Adverse changes in the economic conditions in these geographic markets would likely have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition. The operating results of the Company depend primarily on its net interest income. Accordingly, operations are subject to risks and uncertainties surrounding the exposure to changes in the interest rate environment.

At times, the Company may have cash and cash equivalents at financial institutions in excess of federal deposit insurance limits. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with high credit quality financial institutions whose credit ratings are monitored by management to minimize credit risk.

Changes in Accounting Principles and Effects of New Accounting Pronouncements

ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326). This ASU sets forth a “current expected credit loss” ("CECL") model which requires the Company to measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable supported forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost and applies to some off-balance sheet credit exposures. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. On October 16, 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") voted to extend the delay of the effective date of this ASU for smaller reporting companies, such as the Company, until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company is in the process of working with a third party vendor using their software solution to assist with adoption. The Company is also currently gathering necessary data to implement this change and is continuing to assess the impact of the adoption of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Reform (Topic 848) Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting ("ASU 2020-04"). ASU 2020-04 provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. The amendments are effective for the Company as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The provisions of ASU 2020-04 did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution of restricted stock.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

Cash and short-term investments – For cash, due from banks, bank-owned deposits and federal funds sold, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value and is classified as Level 1.

Investment securities – Fair values for investment securities are based on quoted market prices where available and classified as Level 1. If quoted market prices are not available, estimated fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments and classified as Level 2. If a comparable is not available, the investment securities are classified as Level 3.

Other investments, at cost– The fair value of other bank stock approximates carrying value and is classified as Level 2. Fair values for investment funds are based on quoted market prices where available and classified as Level 1. If quoted market prices are not available, estimated fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments and classified as Level 2 If a comparable is not available, the investment securities are classified as Level 3.

Loans held for sale – The fair value of loans held for sale is determined on outstanding commitments from third party investors in the secondary markets and is classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

Loans – The fair value of fixed rate loans is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings. For variable rate loans, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value. Most loans are classified as Level 3.

Deposit liabilities – The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts and certain money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date and is classified as Level 2. The fair value of deposits is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities and is classified as Level 2.

Federal funds purchased – The carrying amounts of Federal funds purchased approximate fair value and are classified as Level 2.

Federal Home Loan Bank advances– The fair value of Federal Home Loan Bank advances is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar advances would be obtained. Federal Home Loan Bank advances are classified as Level 2.

Other borrowings – The fair value of other borrowings is calculated by discounting contractual cash flows using an estimated interest rate based on current rates available to the Company for debt of similar remaining maturities and collateral terms. Other borrowings is classified as Level 2 due to their expected maturities.