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Stock Plans
 12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock Plans
Note 9. Stock Plans

2007 Long-Term Incentive Plan (2007 Plan)
 
In March 2007, we received stockholder approval of the 2007 Plan. The 2007 Plan was subsequently amended and restated, and granted stockholder approval in March 2009, March 2011, and March 2016.

The Third Amended and Restated 2007 Plan authorizes either our Board of Directors, or a designated committee thereof composed of two or more Non-Employee Directors, to grant to eligible individuals during the period ending December 31, 2026, up to 6,930,000 shares in the form of specified equity awards including stock options, restricted stock units and performance share awards. RSUs have no dividend or voting rights prior to vesting. Awards under the 2007 Plan remain outstanding but new awards are no longer being granted.
2023 Long-Term Incentive Plan (2023 Plan)
In March 2023, we received stockholder approval of the 2023 Plan. The 2023 Plan authorizes either our Board of Directors, or a designated committee thereof composed of two or more Non-Employee Directors, to grant to eligible individuals up to 1,365,000 shares in the form of specified equity awards including stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs) and performance share units (PSUs), subject to adjustment for future stock splits, stock dividends, expirations, forfeitures, and similar events. In addition, the 2023 Plan includes any shares which were available for issuance under the 2007 Plan at the time of stockholder approval of this plan and shares which become available as a result of the forfeiture or expiration of awards made under the 2007 Plan.

As of October 31, 2023, 1,376,240 shares remained available under the 2023 Plan for future grants. The amount of available shares includes shares which may be distributed under performance shares.

Share-Based Compensation
The compensation expense and related income tax benefit recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Income for share-based awards, including the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, were as follows:
October 31,
(In millions)202320222021
Selling, general and administrative expense$54.8 $46.7 $38.4 
Cost of sales4.2 4.5 3.9 
Research and development expense3.1 3.0 2.4 
Total compensation expense$62.1 $54.2 $44.7 
Related income tax benefit$5.0 $5.0 $5.6 
Stock Options
 
The fair value of each stock option award granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model and assumptions noted in the following table.
Years Ended October 31,202320222021
Expected life4.5 years4.1 years4.0 years
Expected volatility29.5 %25.8 %30.3 %
Risk-free interest rate3.8 %1.1 %0.3 %
Dividend yield0.02 %0.02 %0.02 %

The activity and status of our stock option plans are summarized below:
 Number of
Shares		Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
Per Share		Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(in years)		Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at October 31, 20221,063,843 $264.85 
Granted86,241 $329.83 
Exercised(71,808)$155.45 
Forfeited or expired(720)$337.72 
Outstanding at October 31, 20231,077,556 $277.29 5.36$53,510,367 
Vested and expected to vest at October 31, 20231,059,841 $276.11 5.32$53,475,275 
Vested and exercisable at October 31, 2023729,591 $248.34 4.38$50,797,891 

The weighted-average fair value of options granted during fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, estimated as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, was $103.17, $90.41 and $84.10, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the fiscal years ended October 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $13.4 million, $6.6 million and $64.7 million, respectively.
 
Stock options outstanding under our current plans have been granted at prices which are either equal to or above the market value of the common stock on the date of grant. Options granted under the 2007 Plan and 2023 Plan generally vest over a range of three to five years based on service conditions and expire no later than ten years after the grant date. We generally recognize compensation expense ratably over the vesting period. As of October 31, 2023, there was $17.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested options, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average vesting period of 2.1 years.

Restricted Stock Units
 
RSUs granted under the 2007 Plan and the 2023 Plan generally vest over three to five years. The grant-date fair value of RSUs is estimated based on the market price of our common stock. We recognize compensation expense ratably over the vesting period. As of October 31, 2023, there was $63.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average vesting period of 2.4 years. The total fair value of RSU grants that vested during the fiscal years ended October 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $37.3 million, $46.1 million and $50.1 million, respectively.
 
The status of our non-vested RSUs is summarized below:
 Number of
Shares		 Weighted-
Average
Grant Date Fair
Value Per Share
Non-vested RSUs at October 31, 2022289,238 $340.68 
Granted145,655 $335.32 
Vested and issued(107,403)$320.22 
Forfeited or expired(37,461)$344.72 
Non-vested RSUs at October 31, 2023290,029 $345.03 

Performance Units

Performance units may be granted to selected key employees with vesting contingent upon meeting certain performance goals over a defined performance cycle, usually three years. Performance units, if earned, may be paid in cash or shares of common stock. We granted performance unit awards on December 13, 2022, December 7, 2021, and December 8, 2020, under the 2007 Plan, with three-year performance periods ending in fiscal 2025, fiscal 2024, and fiscal 2023 respectively. The performance shares actually earned will range from zero to 200% of the target number of performance shares. Subject to limited exceptions set forth in the performance share agreement, any shares earned will be distributed in the subsequent fiscal year after the performance period. The fair value of performance unit awards is estimated on the date of grant based on the current market price of our common stock. The amount of compensation expense related to these performance unit awards is reviewed each fiscal quarter and adjustments are recorded after assessing the probability of achieving the performance goals.
 
We recognize compensation expense ratably over the vesting period. As of October 31, 2023, there was $12.3 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested performance units, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average vesting period of 1.7 years.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan

On March 18, 2019, the Company received stockholder approval for the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP). The first offering period began on November 4, 2019, and offerings are generally made on a quarterly basis. The purpose of the ESPP is to provide eligible employees of the Company with the opportunity to acquire shares of common stock at 85% of the market price on the last business day of each offering period by means of accumulated payroll deductions. The ESPP initially authorized the issuance of 1,000,000 shares of common stock. These shares will be made available from shares of common stock reacquired by the Company as Treasury Stock. During fiscal 2023 and 2022, we issued 26,116 and 22,695 shares to our employees under the ESPP, respectively. At October 31, 2023, the number of shares remaining available for future issuance under the ESPP was 921,975 shares. Total ESPP share-based compensation recognized during fiscal 2023 and 2022 was $1.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively.