FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES

In accordance with ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value subsequent to initial recognition are grouped into three levels of inputs or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the reliability of assumptions used to determine fair value. The three input levels of the valuation hierarchy are as follows:


Level 1 Inputs –	Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments in active markets.


Level 2 Inputs –	Valuation is based on quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.


Level 3 Inputs –	Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

The following describes valuation methodologies used to measure financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value, as well as the general classification of such financial instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy:

Available-for-sale investment securities. Available-for-sale investment securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Available-for-sale investment securities included in Level 1 are valued using quoted market prices. Where quoted market prices are unavailable, the fair value included in Level 2 is based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments obtained from independent pricing vendors based on recent trading activity and other relevant information.

Loans held for sale. Mortgage loans held for sale are carried at fair value on a recurring basis. The determination of fair value is based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments obtained from independent pricing vendors based on recent trading activity and other relevant information. Other loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or market value, which is determined on an individual loan basis. The fair value is based on the prices secondary markets are offering for portfolios with similar characteristics. The Company classifies mortgage loans held for sale subjected to recurring fair value adjustments as recurring Level 2. The Company classifies other loans held for sale subjected to nonrecurring fair value adjustments as nonrecurring Level 2.

Impaired loans. The Company does not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, a loan is considered impaired and an allowance for loan losses is established. Loans are considered impaired when, in the judgment of management based on current information and events, it is probable that payment of all amounts due under the contractual terms of the loan agreement will not be collected. Acquired impaired loans are classified as nonaccrual loans and are initially measured at fair value with no allocated allowance for loan losses. An allowance for loan losses is recorded to the extent there is further credit deterioration subsequent to the acquisition date. In accordance with ASC Topic 820, impaired loans where an allowance is established based on the fair value of collateral require classification in the fair value hierarchy. Once a loan is identified as impaired, management measures the impairment in accordance with ASC Topic 310-10-35, “Receivables.” Impairment is measured by reference to an observable market price, if one exists, the expected future cash flows of an impaired loan discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or the fair value of the collateral for a collateral-dependent loan. In most cases, the Company measures fair value based on the value of the collateral securing the loan. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or personal property, including equipment and inventory. The vast majority of the collateral is real estate. The value of the collateral is determined based on third party appraisals as well as internal estimates. These measurements are classified as nonrecurring Level 3.

Other real estate and repossessed assets. Certain other real estate and repossessed assets, upon initial recognition, are re-measured and reported at fair value through a charge-off to the allowance for loan losses based upon the estimated fair value of the other real estate. The fair value of other real estate, upon initial recognition, is estimated using Level 3 inputs based on third party appraisals, and where applicable, discounted based on management’s judgment taking into account current market conditions, distressed or forced sale price comparisons and other factors in effect at the time of valuation. The Company classifies other real estate and repossessed assets subjected to nonrecurring fair value adjustments as Level 3.

Derivative instruments. Substantially all derivative instruments utilized by the Company are traded in over-the-counter markets where quoted market prices are not readily available. Derivative instruments utilized by the Company include interest rate swap agreements, interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments to sell mortgage-backed securities. For these derivative instruments, fair value is based on market observable inputs utilizing pricing systems and valuation models, and where applicable, the values are compared to the market values calculated independently by the respective counterparties. The Company classifies its derivative instruments as Level 2.

Servicing rights. The valuation of mortgage and SBA servicing rights is performed by an independent third party. The valuation models estimate the present value of estimated future net servicing income, using market-based discount rate assumptions, and utilize assumptions based on the predominant risk characteristics of the underlying loans, including principal balance, interest rate, weighted average life, and certain unobservable inputs, including cost to service, estimated prepayment speed rates and default rates. Changes in the fair value of servicing rights occur primarily due to the realization of expected cash flows, as well as changes in valuation inputs and assumptions. Significant increases (decreases) in any of the unobservable inputs would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value of the servicing rights. The Company classifies its servicing rights as Level 3.

Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan. The Company’s nonqualified deferred compensation plan is recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The unfunded plan allows participants to hypothetically invest in various specified investment options such as equity funds, international stock funds, capital appreciation funds, money market funds, bond funds, mid-cap value funds and growth funds. The nonqualified deferred compensation plan liability is valued based on quoted market prices of the underlying investments. The Company classifies its nonqualified deferred compensation plan liability as Level 1.

Items Measured on a Recurring Basis. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 are reflected in the following table:



	Fair Value Measurements
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3	Fair Value
	(dollars expressed in thousands)
December 31, 2012:
Assets:
Available-for-sale investment securities:
U.S. Government sponsored agencies	$	—	310,429		—	310,429
Residential mortgage-backed	—		1,534,067		—	1,534,067
Commercial mortgage-backed	—		915		—	915
State and political subdivisions	—		4,929		—	4,929
Corporate notes	—		192,365		—	192,365
Equity investments	1,022		—		—	1,022
Mortgage loans held for sale	—		66,133		—	66,133
Derivative instruments:
Customer interest rate swap agreements	—		87		—	87
Interest rate lock commitments	—		1,837		—	1,837
Forward commitments to sell mortgage-backed securities	—		(305	)	—	(305	)
Servicing rights	—		—		14,792	14,792
Total	$	1,022	2,110,457		14,792	2,126,271
Liabilities:
Derivative instruments:
Interest rate swap agreements	$	—	—		—	—
Customer interest rate swap agreements	—		87		—	87
Nonqualified deferred compensation plan	6,443		—		—	6,443
Total	$	6,443	87		—	6,530
December 31, 2011:
Assets:
Available-for-sale investment securities:
U.S. Government sponsored agencies	$	—	341,817		—	341,817
Residential mortgage-backed	—		1,924,920		—	1,924,920
Commercial mortgage-backed	—		910		—	910
State and political subdivisions	—		5,410		—	5,410
Corporate notes	—		183,813		—	183,813
Equity investments	1,017		—		—	1,017
Mortgage loans held for sale	—		31,111		—	31,111
Derivative instruments:
Customer interest rate swap agreements	—		370		—	370
Interest rate lock commitments	—		1,381		—	1,381
Forward commitments to sell mortgage-backed securities	—		(729	)	—	(729	)
Servicing rights	—		—		15,380	15,380
Total	$	1,017	2,489,003		15,380	2,505,400
Liabilities:
Derivative instruments:
Interest rate swap agreements	$	—	807		—	807
Customer interest rate swap agreements	—		307		—	307
Nonqualified deferred compensation plan	6,531		—		—	6,531
Total	$	6,531	1,114		—	7,645

There were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2 of the fair value hierarchy for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.

The following table presents the changes in Level 3 assets measured on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:



	Servicing Rights
	2012			2011
	(dollars expressed in thousands)
Balance, beginning of year	$	15,380		19,582
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings ⁽¹⁾	(5,475		)	(7,652	)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)	—			—
Issuances	4,887			3,450
Transfers in and/or out of level 3	—			—
Balance, end of year	$	14,792		15,380


(1)	Gains or losses (realized/unrealized) are included in noninterest income in the consolidated statements of operations.

Items Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis. From time to time, the Company measures certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These include assets that are measured at the lower of cost or market value that were recognized at fair value below cost at the end of the period. Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 are reflected in the following table:



	Fair Value Measurements
	Level 1		Level 2	Level 3	Fair Value
	(dollars expressed in thousands)
December 31, 2012:
Assets:
Impaired loans:
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	—	—	18,374	18,374
Real estate construction and development	—		—	40,731	40,731
Real estate mortgage:
Bank portfolio	—		—	8,237	8,237
Mortgage Division portfolio	—		—	86,500	86,500
Home equity portfolio	—		—	6,887	6,887
Multi-family residential	—		—	33,863	33,863
Commercial real estate	—		—	26,218	26,218
Consumer and installment	—		—	27	27
Other real estate and repossessed assets	—		—	91,995	91,995
Total	$	—	—	312,832	312,832
December 31, 2011:
Assets:
Impaired loans:
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$	—	—	54,129	54,129
Real estate construction and development	—		—	79,826	79,826
Real estate mortgage:
Bank portfolio	—		—	13,894	13,894
Mortgage Division portfolio	—		—	84,083	84,083
Home equity portfolio	—		—	5,552	5,552
Multi-family residential	—		—	10,806	10,806
Commercial real estate	—		—	67,756	67,756
Consumer and installment	—		—	18	18
Other real estate and repossessed assets	—		—	129,896	129,896
Total	$	—	—	445,960	445,960

Non-Financial Assets and Non-Financial Liabilities. Certain non-financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include other real estate (upon initial recognition or subsequent impairment), non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities measured at fair value in the second step of a goodwill impairment test, and intangible assets and other non-financial long-lived assets measured at fair value for impairment assessment.

Other real estate and repossessed assets measured at fair value upon initial recognition totaled $24.2 million, $69.9 million and $158.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. In addition to other real estate and repossessed assets measured at fair value upon initial recognition, the Company recorded write-downs to the balance of other real estate and repossessed assets of $14.5 million, $16.9 million and $34.7 million to noninterest expense for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Other real estate and repossessed assets were $92.0 million at December 31, 2012 compared to $129.9 million at December 31, 2011.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments. The fair value of financial instruments is management’s estimate of the values at which the instruments could be exchanged in a transaction between willing parties. These estimates are subjective and may vary significantly from amounts that would be realized in actual transactions. In addition, other significant assets are not considered financial assets including deferred income tax assets, bank premises and equipment and goodwill and other intangible assets. Furthermore, the income taxes that would be incurred if the Company were to realize any of the unrealized gains or unrealized losses indicated between the estimated fair values and corresponding carrying values could have a significant effect on the fair value estimates and have not been considered in any of the estimates.

The following summarizes the methods and assumptions used in estimating the fair value of all other financial instruments:

Cash and cash equivalents and accrued interest receivable. The carrying values reported in the consolidated balance sheets approximate fair value.

Held-to-maturity investment securities. The fair value of held-to-maturity investment securities is based on quoted market prices where available. If quoted market prices are not available, the fair value is based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments. The Company classifies its held-to-maturity investment securities as Level 2.

Loans. The fair value of loans held for portfolio uses an exit price concept and reflects discounts the Company believes are consistent with liquidity discounts in the market place. Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type such as commercial and industrial, real estate construction and development, commercial real estate, one-to-four-family residential real estate, home equity and consumer and installment. The fair value of loans is estimated by discounting the future cash flows, utilizing assumptions for prepayment estimates over the loans’ remaining life and considerations for the current interest rate environment compared to the weighted average rate of the loan portfolio. The fair value analysis also includes other assumptions to estimate fair value, intended to approximate those factors a market participant would use in an orderly transaction, with adjustments for discount rates, interest rates, liquidity, and credit spreads, as appropriate. The Company classifies its loans held for portfolio as Level 3.

FRB and FHLB stock. The carrying values reported in the consolidated balance sheets for FRB and FHLB stock, which are carried at cost, represent redemption value and approximate fair value.

Assets of discontinued operations. The carrying values reported in the consolidated balance sheets for assets of discontinued operations approximate fair value. The Company classifies its assets of discontinued operations as Level 2.

Deposits. The fair value of deposits payable on demand with no stated maturity (i.e., noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing demand, and savings and money market accounts) is considered equal to their respective carrying amounts as reported in the consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of demand deposits does not include the benefit that results from the low-cost funding provided by deposit liabilities compared to the cost of borrowing funds in the market. The fair value disclosed for time deposits is estimated utilizing a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on similar deposits to a schedule of aggregated monthly maturities of time deposits. If the estimated fair value is lower than the carrying value, the carrying value is reported as the fair value of time deposits. The Company classifies its time deposits as Level 3.

Other borrowings and accrued interest payable. The carrying values reported in the consolidated balance sheets for variable rate borrowings approximate fair value. The fair value of fixed rate borrowings is based on quoted market prices where available. If quoted market prices are not available, the fair value is based on discounting contractual maturities using an estimate of current market rates for similar instruments. The Company classifies its other borrowings, comprised of securities sold under agreement to repurchase, as Level 1. The carrying values reported in the consolidated balance sheets for accrued interest payable approximate fair value.

Subordinated debentures. The fair value of subordinated debentures is based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments. The Company classifies its subordinated debentures as Level 3.

Liabilities of discontinued operations. The fair value of liabilities of discontinued operations reflects the negotiated purchase price at which the liabilities could be exchanged in a transaction between willing parties, as further described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements. The Company classifies its liabilities of discontinued operations as Level 2.

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments. The fair value of commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and financial guarantees is based on estimated probable credit losses. The Company classifies its off-balance sheet financial instruments as Level 3.

The estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at December 31, 2012 and 2011 were as follows:



	December 31, 2012									December 31, 2011
	Carrying Value			Estimated Fair Value						Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value
	Carrying Value			Level 1	Level 2	Level 3		Total		Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value
	(dollars expressed in thousands)
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	518,846		518,846	—	—		518,846		473,140		473,140
Investment securities:
Available for sale	2,043,727			1,022	2,042,705	—		2,043,727		2,457,887		2,457,887
Held to maturity	631,553			—	637,024	—		637,024		12,817		13,424
Loans held for portfolio	2,773,012			—	—	2,572,256		2,572,256		3,115,458		2,811,866
Loans held for sale	66,133			—	66,133	—		66,133		31,111		31,111
FRB and FHLB stock	27,329			27,329	—	—		27,329		27,078		27,078
Derivative instruments	1,619			—	1,619	—		1,619		1,022		1,022
Accrued interest receivable	18,284			18,284	—	—		18,284		21,050		21,050
Assets of discontinued operations	6,706			—	6,706	—		6,706		6,913		6,913

Financial Liabilities:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing demand	$	1,327,183		1,327,183	—	—		1,327,183		1,225,622		1,225,622
Interest-bearing demand	1,000,666			1,000,666	—	—		1,000,666		899,114		899,114
Savings and money market	1,880,271			1,880,271	—	—		1,880,271		1,964,905		1,964,905
Time deposits	1,284,727			—	—	1,286,730		1,286,730		1,533,414		1,536,824
Other borrowings	26,025			26,025	—	—		26,025		51,170		51,170
Derivative instruments	87			—	87	—		87		1,114		1,114
Accrued interest payable	48,541			48,541	—	—		48,541		34,343		34,343
Subordinated debentures	354,133			—	—	254,984		254,984		354,057		204,502
Liabilities of discontinued operations	155,711			—	155,711	—		155,711		174,737		174,737

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments:
Commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and financial guarantees	$	(2,779	)	—	—	(2,779	)	(2,779	)	(2,785	)	(2,785	)