Exhibit 24.1


                                POWER OF ATTORNEY

      Know  all  by  these  presents,   that  each  of  the  undersigned  hereby
constitutes and appoints LAUREN ISENMAN signing singly,  the undersigned's  true
and lawful attorney-in-fact to:

      1.    execute for and on behalf of the undersigned all documents  relating
to the business of Steel  Partners II, L.P.  including,  but not limited to, all
filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission,  any stock exchange and any
other  regulatory,  administrative  or  similar  authority,  and all  memoranda,
correspondence,  communications or the like,  except that such  attorney-in-fact
shall have no power to execute  any  document  that has the effect of creating a
financial  commitment or financial  obligation of Steel Partners II, L.P. or its
affiliates.

      2.    do and perform any and all acts for and on behalf of the undersigned
that may be necessary  or  desirable to complete and execute any such  document,
complete and execute any amendment or amendments  thereto,  and timely file such
document with the appropriate authority.

      3.    take any other action of any type  whatsoever in connection with the
foregoing which, in the opinion of such attorney-in-fact,  may be of benefit to,
in the best  interest  of, or legally  required  by, the  undersigned,  it being
understood that the documents executed by such attorney-in-fact on behalf of the
undersigned  pursuant to this Power of Attorney  shall be in such form and shall
contain such terms and conditions as such  attorney-in-fact  may approve in such
attorney-in-fact's discretion.

      The undersigned hereby grants to each such attorney-in-fact full power and
authority  to do and perform any and every act and thing  whatsoever  requisite,
necessary,  or proper to be done in the exercise of any of the rights and powers
herein granted, as fully to all intents and purposes as the undersigned might or
could do if personally  present,  with full power of substitution or revocation,
hereby  ratifying  and  confirming  all  that  such  attorney-in-fact,  or  such
attorney-in-fact's  substitute or substitutes,  shall lawfully do or cause to be
done by virtue of this  Power of  Attorney  and the  rights  and  powers  herein
granted. The undersigned  acknowledges that the foregoing  attorney-in-fact,  in
serving in such capacity at the request of the undersigned,  is not assuming any
of the  undersigned's  responsibilities  to comply with any rules or regulations
including federal securities laws.

      This  Power of  Attorney  shall  remain  in full  force and  effect  until
December 31, 2007 unless earlier  revoked by the undersigned in a signed writing
delivered to the foregoing attorney-in-fact.

      IN WITNESS  WHEREOF,  the undersigned has caused this Power of Attorney to
be executed as of this 27th day of December, 2006.

STEEL PARTNERS II, L.P.             STEEL PARTNERS, L.L.C.

By: Steel Partners, L.L.C.          By: /s/ Warren G. Lichtenstein
    General Partner                     --------------------------
                                        Warren G. Lichtenstein
By: /s/ Warren G. Lichtenstein          Managing Member
    --------------------------
    Warren G. Lichtenstein          /s/ Warren G. Lichtenstein
    Managing Member                 ------------------------------
                                    Warren G. Lichtenstein




                                POWER OF ATTORNEY

      Know  all  by  these  presents,   that  each  of  the  undersigned  hereby
constitutes and appoints JACK L. HOWARD signing singly,  the undersigned's  true
and lawful attorney-in-fact to:

      1.    execute for and on behalf of the undersigned all documents  relating
to the business of Steel  Partners II, L.P.  including,  but not limited to, all
filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission,  any stock exchange and any
other  regulatory,  administrative  or  similar  authority,  and all  memoranda,
correspondence,  communications or the like,  except that such  attorney-in-fact
shall have no power to execute  any  document  that has the effect of creating a
financial  commitment or financial  obligation of Steel Partners II, L.P. or its
affiliates.

      2.    do and perform any and all acts for and on behalf of the undersigned
that may be necessary  or  desirable to complete and execute any such  document,
complete and execute any amendment or amendments  thereto,  and timely file such
document with the appropriate authority.

      3.    take any other action of any type  whatsoever in connection with the
foregoing which, in the opinion of such attorney-in-fact,  may be of benefit to,
in the best  interest  of, or legally  required  by, the  undersigned,  it being
understood that the documents executed by such attorney-in-fact on behalf of the
undersigned  pursuant to this Power of Attorney  shall be in such form and shall
contain such terms and conditions as such  attorney-in-fact  may approve in such
attorney-in-fact's discretion.

      The undersigned hereby grants to each such attorney-in-fact full power and
authority  to do and perform any and every act and thing  whatsoever  requisite,
necessary,  or proper to be done in the exercise of any of the rights and powers
herein granted, as fully to all intents and purposes as the undersigned might or
could do if personally  present,  with full power of substitution or revocation,
hereby  ratifying  and  confirming  all  that  such  attorney-in-fact,  or  such
attorney-in-fact's  substitute or substitutes,  shall lawfully do or cause to be
done by virtue of this  Power of  Attorney  and the  rights  and  powers  herein
granted. The undersigned  acknowledges that the foregoing  attorney-in-fact,  in
serving in such capacity at the request of the undersigned,  is not assuming any
of the  undersigned's  responsibilities  to comply with any rules or regulations
including federal securities laws.

      This  Power of  Attorney  shall  remain  in full  force and  effect  until
December 31, 2007 unless earlier  revoked by the undersigned in a signed writing
delivered to the foregoing attorney-in-fact.

      IN WITNESS  WHEREOF,  the undersigned has caused this Power of Attorney to
be executed as of this 27th day of December, 2006.

STEEL PARTNERS II, L.P.             STEEL PARTNERS, L.L.C.

By: Steel Partners, L.L.C.          By: /s/ Warren G. Lichtenstein
    General Partner                     --------------------------
                                        Warren G. Lichtenstein
By: /s/ Warren G. Lichtenstein          Managing Member
    --------------------------
    Warren G. Lichtenstein          /s/ Warren G. Lichtenstein
    Managing Member                 ------------------------------
                                    Warren G. Lichtenstein




                                POWER OF ATTORNEY

      Know  all  by  these  presents,   that  each  of  the  undersigned  hereby
constitutes and appoints STEVEN WOLOSKY signing singly,  the undersigned's  true
and lawful attorney-in-fact to:

      1.    execute for and on behalf of the undersigned all documents  relating
to the business of Steel  Partners II, L.P.  including,  but not limited to, all
filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission,  any stock exchange and any
other  regulatory,  administrative  or  similar  authority,  and all  memoranda,
correspondence,  communications or the like,  except that such  attorney-in-fact
shall have no power to execute  any  document  that has the effect of creating a
financial  commitment or financial  obligation of Steel Partners II, L.P. or its
affiliates.

      2.    do and perform any and all acts for and on behalf of the undersigned
that may be necessary  or  desirable to complete and execute any such  document,
complete and execute any amendment or amendments  thereto,  and timely file such
document with the appropriate authority.

      3.    take any other action of any type  whatsoever in connection with the
foregoing which, in the opinion of such attorney-in-fact,  may be of benefit to,
in the best  interest  of, or legally  required  by, the  undersigned,  it being
understood that the documents executed by such attorney-in-fact on behalf of the
undersigned  pursuant to this Power of Attorney  shall be in such form and shall
contain such terms and conditions as such  attorney-in-fact  may approve in such
attorney-in-fact's discretion.

      The undersigned hereby grants to each such attorney-in-fact full power and
authority  to do and perform any and every act and thing  whatsoever  requisite,
necessary,  or proper to be done in the exercise of any of the rights and powers
herein granted, as fully to all intents and purposes as the undersigned might or
could do if personally  present,  with full power of substitution or revocation,
hereby  ratifying  and  confirming  all  that  such  attorney-in-fact,  or  such
attorney-in-fact's  substitute or substitutes,  shall lawfully do or cause to be
done by virtue of this  Power of  Attorney  and the  rights  and  powers  herein
granted. The undersigned  acknowledges that the foregoing  attorney-in-fact,  in
serving in such capacity at the request of the undersigned,  is not assuming any
of the  undersigned's  responsibilities  to comply with any rules or regulations
including federal securities laws.

      This  Power of  Attorney  shall  remain  in full  force and  effect  until
December 31, 2007 unless earlier  revoked by the undersigned in a signed writing
delivered to the foregoing attorney-in-fact.

      IN WITNESS  WHEREOF,  the undersigned has caused this Power of Attorney to
be executed as of this 27th day of December, 2006.

STEEL PARTNERS II, L.P.             STEEL PARTNERS, L.L.C.

By: Steel Partners, L.L.C.          By: /s/ Warren G. Lichtenstein
    General Partner                     --------------------------
                                        Warren G. Lichtenstein
By: /s/ Warren G. Lichtenstein          Managing Member
    --------------------------
    Warren G. Lichtenstein          /s/ Warren G. Lichtenstein
    Managing Member                 ------------------------------
                                    Warren G. Lichtenstein