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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

On December 22, 2017, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”), which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Act"). SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Tax Act enactment date for companies to complete accounting under ASC 740. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of the Tax Act for which accounting under Accounting Standards Codification 740, Income Taxes ("ASC 740") is complete. To the extent a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act is incomplete, but the company is able to determine a reasonable estimate, the company must record a provisional estimate in its financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provision of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the Tax Act. Because of the complexity of the new Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (GILTI) tax rules, the Company continues to evaluate this provision of the Tax Reform Act and the application of ASC 740, Income Taxes. Under U.S. GAAP, the Company is allowed to make an accounting policy choice of either (1) treating taxes due on future U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI as a current-period expense when incurred (the “period cost method”) or (2) factoring such amounts into the Company’s measurement of its deferred taxes (the “deferred method”). The Company’s selection of an accounting policy with respect to the new GILTI tax rules will depend, in part, on analyzing its global income to determine whether it expects to have future U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI and, if so, what the impact is expected to be. Whether the Company expects to have future U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI depends on not only the Company’s current structure and estimated future results of global operations, but also its intent and ability to modify its structure. The Company’s currently in the process of analyzing its structure and, as a result, is not yet able to reasonably estimate the effect of this provision of the Tax Reform Act. Therefore, the Company has not made any adjustments related to potential GILTI tax in its financial statements and has not made a policy decision regarding whether to record deferred tax on GILTI.

Deferred Tax Assets and Valuation Allowance

Management assesses available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit the use of the existing deferred tax assets.  The Company had deferred income tax assets of $14.9 million as of September 30, 2018 compared to $13.9 million as of December 31, 2017. Previously, based on information at the prior measurement dates, we did not have a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets arising from US federal income tax net operating loss carryforwards. FASB ASC 740-10-30 indicates that experiencing cumulative losses in recent years is a type of objectively verifiable negative evidence for entities to consider in evaluating the need for a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets. Such objective evidence limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence, such as projections for future growth. The Company has incurred losses in recent years and is in a loss position for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Because of the impact of cumulative losses have on the determination of the recoverability of deferred tax assets through future earnings, the Company evaluated its ability to realize its deferred tax assets as it would require a substantial amount of objectively verifiable positive evidence of future income to support the realizability of the deferred tax assets. On the basis of this evaluation, the Company established a full valuation allowance as of September 30, 2018 for the full carrying value of deferred tax assets as it was concluded that the negative evidence now outweighs the positive evidence and thus it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Losses in the third quarter were greater than previously anticipated. The Company will continue to evaluate its position and the valuation allowance could be reversed in a future period if sufficient objectively verifiable positive evidence outweighs such negative evidence.