Our goodwill balance is attributable to the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in connection with the Combination. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reporting units, which represent our reporting segments, for 2019 were as follows:

	NCSA			EARC			MENA		Technology			Total
	(In millions)
Balance as of December 31, 2018 ⁽¹⁾	$	1,041		$	421		$	46	$	1,146		$	2,654
Adjustments to finalize purchase accounting estimates⁽²⁾		160			-			4		4			168
Allocation to APP disposition		(90	)		-			-		-			(90	)
Currency translation adjustments		-			(5	)		-		(11	)		(16	)
Goodwill impairment		(1,111	)		(319	)		-		-			(1,430	)
Balance as of December 31, 2019	$	-		$	97		$	50	$	1,139		$	1,286

Impairment Assessment— During the third quarter of 2019, we experienced significant and sustained deterioration in our enterprise market capitalization due to a decline in the trading price of our common stock. In addition, during the third quarter of 2019, we recognized incremental unfavorable changes in cost estimates to complete the Cameron and Freeport LNG projects (see Note 5, Revenue Recognition, and Note 6, Project Changes in Estimates, for discussion), which resulted in a deterioration in our future cash flow expectations and an increase in our associated risk assumptions. As a result of these triggering events and circumstances, we determined that it was more likely than not that the fair values of our reporting units were below their respective carrying values. Accordingly, we performed an interim quantitative impairment assessment as of August 31, 2019 on our NCSA, EARC, MENA and Technology reporting units.

To determine the fair value of our reporting units and test for impairment, we utilized an income approach (discounted cash flow method), as we believed this was the most direct approach to incorporate the specific economic attributes and risk profiles of our reporting units into our valuation model. We generally do not utilize a market approach, given the lack of relevant information generated by market transactions involving comparable businesses. However, to the extent market indicators of fair value become available, we consider such market indicators as well as market participant assumptions in our discounted cash flow analysis and determination of fair value. The discounted cash flow methodology is based, to a large extent, on assumptions about future events, which may or may not occur as anticipated, and such deviations could have a significant impact on the calculated estimated fair values of our reporting units. These assumptions included the use of significant unobservable inputs, representative of a Level 3 fair value measurement, and included, but were not limited to, estimates of discount rates, future growth rates and terminal values for each reporting unit.

The discounted cash flow analysis for each of our reporting units included forecasted cash flows over a five-year forecast period (2020 through 2024), with our updated 2019 management budget used as the basis for our projections. These forecasted cash flows took into consideration historical and recent results, the reporting unit’s backlog and near-term prospects and management’s outlook for the future. A terminal value was also calculated using a terminal value growth assumption to derive the annual cash flows after the discrete forecast period. A reporting unit specific discount rate was applied to the forecasted cash flows and terminal cash flows to determine the discounted future cash flows, or fair value, of each reporting unit. Our assessment took into consideration the incremental changes in project estimates discussed above and reflected the increased market risk surrounding the award and execution of future projects. We also adjusted our cost of capital assumptions to be in-line with recent market indicators for our company and industry.

Based on our quantitative assessments, goodwill for our NCSA reporting unit was fully impaired, and goodwill for our EARC reporting unit was partially impaired. We determined the goodwill associated with our MENA and Technology reporting units was not impaired, as the fair value of each such reporting unit exceeded its net book value by more than 96% and 28%, respectively. The impairment did not have a net tax benefit.

The impairment primarily resulted from updates to the 2019 management budget and increases in our discount rate assumptions driven by increases in our cost of capital and risk premium assumptions associated with forecasted cash flows.

Key assumptions used in deriving the reporting units’ fair values in our interim quantitative impairment assessment were as follows:

	Discount rate			Compound annual growth rate			Terminal growth rate
NCSA		33.0	%		29	%		2	%
EARC		33.5	%		46	%		2	%
MENA		34.0	%		17	%		2	%
Technology		15.0	%		8	%		2	%

During the fourth quarter of 2019, we identified indicators of impairment related to the goodwill allocated to our EARC reporting unit, primarily driven by further deterioration in the actual financial performance during 2019, reduced attributable cash flows reflected in our 2020 management budget and an increase in our discount rate assumption from 33.5% to 35.5%. To determine the fair value of EARC as of December 31, 2019 and test for impairment, we utilized an income approach (discounted cash flow method), discussed above. The discounted cash flow analysis for EARC included forecasted cash flows over a five-year forecast period (2020 through 2024), with our updated 2020 management budget used as the basis for our projections. These forecasted cash flows took into consideration historical and recent results, EARC backlog and near-term prospects and management’s outlook for the future. A terminal value was also calculated using a terminal value growth assumption to derive the annual cash flows after the discrete forecast period. A reporting unit specific discount rate (35.5%) was applied to the forecasted cash flows and terminal cash flows to determine the discounted future cash flows, or fair value. Based on our quantitative assessment, goodwill associated with our EARC reporting unit was further impaired by $59 million in the fourth quarter of 2019, and the remaining EARC goodwill balance was $97 million as of December 31, 2019.

During the third quarter of 2019, we determined there were indicators of impairment related to our trade names intangible asset, resulting from incremental unfavorable changes in estimates to complete certain key projects, including the Cameron and Freeport LNG projects (see Note 5, Revenue Recognition and Note 6, Project Changes in Estimates, for discussion). This determination resulted in a decrease in our future attributable cash flow expectations.

In light of the impairment indicators, we also performed a review of the useful life estimate of the trade names intangible asset allocated to our NCSA reporting unit. Our assessment of the useful life took into consideration the estimated future attributable cash flows from the trade names asset based on an evaluation of associated backlog, key loss projects that remain incomplete, expected future awards and opportunities and the forecast financial performance of the NCSA reporting unit. Using our updated estimate, which reflects lower attributable cash flow benefits from the trade names intangible asset, we determined the remaining useful life of the trade names associated with our NCSA reporting unit (other than the storage tanks business) to be 1.8 years, compared to our previous estimate of 8.7 years.

Using our revised remaining useful life, a test of recoverability was performed as of August 31, 2019, indicating that the trade names intangible asset, within other intangible assets, had an undiscounted value below carrying value. As a result, we determined the fair value of the trade names intangible asset, resulting in an impairment of $140 million. Key inputs leading to the impairment included the shortened remaining useful life of the asset, updated estimated attributable cash flows based on revenue obsolescence assumptions and reductions in management’s budget. The fair value of the impaired intangible asset was determined using an income approach and was estimated based on the present value of projected future cash flows attributable to the asset. These estimates were based on unobservable inputs requiring significant judgement and were representative of a Level 3 fair value measurement.

Subsequent to the August 2019 impairment test, during the fourth quarter of 2019, we identified further triggers indicating impairment of the NCSA trade names intangible asset and the EARC process technologies intangible asset, primarily driven by a deterioration in attributable cash flows as reflected in our 2020 management budget. We utilized an income approach to estimate the updated fair values of the NCSA trade names and EARC process technologies intangible assets as of December 31, 2019, resulting in impairments of $17 million and $2 million, respectively.

Following the impact of the 2019 impairment charges and reductions to the carrying value, the impact of this change in the useful life for the NCSA trade names intangible asset was not material to the operating results in 2019 and is expected to result in lower amortization expense in 2020 and 2021 by approximately $15 million and $21 million, respectively.

Our other intangible assets at December 31, 2019 and 2018, including the December 31, 2019 weighted-average useful lives, were as follows:

			December 31, 2019							December 31, 2018
	Weighted Average Useful Life		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
	(In years)		(In millions)
Process technologies		27	$	509	$	(36	)	$	473	$	514	$	(14	)	$	500
Trade names		13		212		(31	)		181		401		(23	)		378
Customer relationships		10		123		(47	)		76		129		(23	)		106
Trademarks		10		26		(5	)		21		27		(2	)		25
Total⁽¹⁾		21	$	870	$	(119	)	$	751	$	1,071	$	(62	)	$	1,009

Our project-related intangibles at December 31, 2019 and 2018, including the December 31, 2019 weighted-average useful lives, were as follows:

			December 31, 2019									December 31, 2018
	Weighted Average Useful Life		Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount			Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
	(In years)		(In millions)
Project-related intangible assets		4	$	246		$	(198	)	$	48		$	259		$	(122	)	$	137
Project-related intangible liabilities		2		(109	)		99			(10	)		(109	)		43			(66	)
Total ⁽¹⁾			$	137		$	(99	)	$	38		$	150		$	(79	)	$	71