The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (the “Financial Statements”) are unaudited and have been prepared from our books and records in accordance with Rule 10-1 of Regulation S-X for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for complete financial statements and are not necessarily indicative of results of operations for a full year. Therefore, they should be read in conjunction with the Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (the “2018 Form 10-K”).

The Financial Statements reflect all wholly owned subsidiaries and those entities we are required to consolidate. See the “Joint Venture and Consortium Arrangements” section of “Note 2—Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies” in the 2018 Form 10-K for further discussion of our consolidation policy for those entities that are not wholly owned. In the opinion of our management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. Values presented within tables (excluding per share data) are in millions and may not sum due to rounding.

On May 10, 2018, we completed our combination with Chicago Bridge & Iron Co. N.V. (“CB&I”) through a series of transactions (the “Combination”). See Note 3, Business Combination, for further discussion.

Loss on asset disposals—In the second quarter of 2019, we sold APP, as discussed in Note 4, Disposition of Alloy Piping Products, LLC. Loss from the disposition of APP is included in Loss on asset disposals in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (our “Statement of Operations”). To conform to current period presentation, $1 million of loss on asset disposals presented in Other operating expense during the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 has been reclassified to Loss on asset disposals.

Bidding and Proposal Costs—We began classifying bid and proposal costs in Cost of operations in our Statement of Operations in the second quarter of 2018, as a result of our realignment of commercial personnel within our operating groups in conjunction with the Combination. For periods reported prior to the second quarter of 2018, bid and proposal costs were included in Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”). For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, our Cost of operations included $46 million and $17 million of bid and proposal costs, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, our SG&A expense included bid and proposal expenses of $10 million incurred in the first quarter of 2018.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. We believe the most significant estimates and judgments are associated with:

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revenue recognition for our contracts, including estimating costs to complete each contract and the recognition of incentive fees and unapproved change orders and claims;

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determination of fair value with respect to acquired assets and liabilities;

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fair value and recoverability assessments that must be periodically performed with respect to long-lived tangible assets, goodwill and other intangible assets;

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valuation of deferred tax assets and financial instruments;

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the determination of liabilities related to loss contingencies, self-insurance programs and income taxes;

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the determination of pension-related obligations; and

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consolidation determinations with respect to our joint venture and consortium arrangements.

If the underlying estimates and assumptions upon which the Financial Statements are based change in the future, actual amounts may differ from those included in the Financial Statements.

Leases—In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This ASU requires entities that lease assets—referred to as “lessees”—to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. We adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective application, applying the new standard to leases in place as of the adoption date. Prior periods have not been adjusted.

We elected to apply certain practical expedients allowed upon the adoption of this ASU, which, among other things, allowed us to: not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts contain leases; carry forward the historical lease classification; and not have to reassess any initial direct cost of any expired or existing leases. Adoption of the new standard resulted in the recording of Operating lease right-of-use assets, Current portion of long-term lease obligations and Long-term lease obligations of approximately $424 million, $101 million and $342 million, respectively, as of January 1, 2019. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our Statement of Operations, Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (“Statement of Cash Flows”) or the determination of compliance with financial covenants under our current debt agreements. See Note 13, Lease Obligations, for further discussion.

Income Taxes—In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220). This ASU gives entities the option to reclassify to retained earnings the tax effects resulting from the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act related to items in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) that the FASB refers to as having been stranded in AOCI. We adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2019. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Financial Statements and related disclosures.

Derivatives—In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815). This ASU includes financial reporting improvements related to hedging relationships to better report the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. Additionally, this ASU makes certain improvements to simplify the application of the hedge accounting guidance. We adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2019. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Financial Statements. See Note 17, Derivative Financial Instruments, for related disclosures.

In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging: Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes, which expands the list of benchmark interest rates permitted in the application of hedge accounting. This ASU permits the use of an OIS rate based on the SOFR as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes. We adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2019. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Financial Statements and related disclosures. See Note 17, Derivative Financial Instruments.

Our significant accounting policies are detailed in “Note 2—Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies” in the 2018 Form 10-K. The following is an update to those significant accounting policies due to recently adopted accounting guidance.

Leases—We classify an arrangement as a lease at inception if we have the right to control the use of an identified asset we do not legally own for a period of time in exchange for consideration. In general, leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on our Balance Sheet unless it is reasonably certain we will renew the lease. All leases with an initial term of more than 12 months, whether classified as operating or finance, are recorded to our Balance Sheet based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term, determined at lease commencement. Determination of the present value of lease payments requires a discount rate. We use the implicit rate in the lease agreement when available. Most of our leases do not provide an implicit interest rate; therefore, we use an incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the commencement date.

Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease. Lease expense for operating leases and the amortization of the right-of-use asset for finance leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease terms, in each case taking into account such option when it is reasonably certain we will exercise that option.

We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are generally accounted for separately for all leases other than leases at our construction project sites. Non-lease components included in assets and obligations under operating leases are not material to our financial statements.

For our joint ventures, consortiums and other collaborative arrangements (referred to as “joint ventures” and “consortiums”), the right-of-use asset and lease obligations are generally recognized by the party that enters into the lease agreement, which could be the joint venture directly, one of our joint venture members or us. We have recognized our proportionate share of leases entered into by our joint ventures, where the joint venture has the right to control the use of an identified asset.

Derivative Financial Instruments—We utilize derivative financial instruments in certain circumstances to mitigate the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, as described below.

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Foreign Currency Rate Derivatives—We do not engage in currency speculation. However, we utilize foreign currency exchange rate derivatives on an ongoing basis to hedge against certain foreign currency related operating exposures. We generally apply hedge accounting treatment for contracts used to hedge operating exposures and designate them as cash flow hedges. Therefore, gains and losses are included in AOCI until the associated underlying operating exposure impacts our earnings, at which time the impact of the hedge is recorded within the income statement line item associated with the underlying exposure. Changes in the fair value of instruments that we do not designate as cash flow hedges are recognized in the income statement line item associated with the underlying exposure.

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Interest Rate Derivatives—Our interest rate derivatives are limited to a swap arrangement entered into on May 8, 2018, to hedge against interest rate variability associated with $1.94 billion of the $2.26 billion Term Facility described in Note 12, Debt. The swap arrangement has been designated as a cash flow hedge, as its critical terms matched those of the Term Facility at inception and through June 30, 2019. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of the swap arrangement are included in AOCI until the associated underlying exposure impacts our interest expense.

See Note 16, Fair Value Measurements, and Note 17, Derivative Financial Instruments, for further discussion.

Financial Instruments—In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU will require a financial asset measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. A valuation account, allowance for credit losses, will be deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. This ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. We are currently assessing the impact of this ASU on our future consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Defined Benefit Pension Plans—In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715-20). This ASU eliminates, modifies and adds disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. This ASU is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the impact of the new guidance on our future disclosures.

Consolidation—In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-17, Consolidation: Targeted Improvements to Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities (“VIE”). This ASU amends the guidance for determining whether a decision-making fee is a variable interest, which requires companies to consider indirect interests held through related parties under common control on a proportional basis rather than as the equivalent of a direct interest in its entirety. The ASU is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. We are currently assessing the impact of this ASU on our future consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Collaborative Arrangements—In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-18, Collaborative Arrangements: Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606. This ASU clarifies that certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for as revenue under Topic 606 when the collaborative arrangement participant is a customer in the context of a unit of account. In addition, unit-of-account guidance in Topic 808 was aligned with the guidance in Topic 606 (that is, a distinct good or service) when assessing whether the collaborative arrangement or a part of the arrangement is within the scope of Topic 606. This ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently assessing the impact of this ASU on our future consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.