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REVENUE RECOGNITION
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Revenue Recognition [Abstract]  
REVENUE RECOGNITION

NOTE 2—REVENUE RECOGNITION

Unapproved Change Orders

As of September 30, 2017, total unapproved change orders included in our estimates at completion aggregated approximately $98 million, of which approximately $9 million was included in backlog. As of September 30, 2016, total unapproved change orders included in our estimates at completion aggregated approximately $139 million, of which approximately $21 million was included in backlog.

Claims Revenue

The amount of revenues included in our estimates at completion (i.e., contract values) associated with claims was $10 million and $16 million as of September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, all in our Middle East segment. These amounts are determined based on various factors, including our analysis of the underlying contractual language and our experience in making and resolving claims. Our unconsolidated joint ventures did not include any material claims revenue or associated costs in their financial results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.  

None of the claims included in our estimates at completion at September 30, 2017 were the subject of any litigation proceedings. We continue to actively engage in negotiations with our customers on our outstanding claims. However, these claims may be resolved at amounts that differ from our current estimates, which could result in increases or decreases in future estimated contract profits or losses.  

Loss Recognition

For all ongoing contracts, we have provided for estimated costs to complete. If a current estimate of total contract cost indicates a loss, the projected loss is recognized in full immediately and reflected in cost of operations in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. However, it is possible that current estimates could change due to unforeseen events, which could result in adjustments to overall contract costs. Variations from estimated contract performance could result in material adjustments to operating results for any fiscal quarter or year.

For loss projects, it is possible that our estimates of gross profit could increase or decrease based on changes in productivity, actual downtime and the resolution of change orders and claims with the customers. In our Consolidated Balance Sheets, the provision for estimated losses on all active uncompleted projects is included in “Advance billings on contracts.”

KJO Hout, an EPCI project in our Middle East segment, is the only active project in a significant loss position as of September 30, 2017. The estimated overall loss on KJO Hout was $9 million. The project is substantially complete. 

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the remaining provision for estimated losses to be recognized on all active uncompleted projects in our Consolidated Balance Sheets was not material.