10. Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes in the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $1,896 and $2,493, respectively. The effective tax rates were 12.6% and 23.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the prior year periods was primarily due to reduction of the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, enacted by new tax reform legislation, as described further below. The decrease in the effective tax rate was also due to an increased benefit from the research and development credit and was partially offset by the elimination of the disqualified domestic manufacturer deduction, effective April 1, 2018.

The provision for income taxes in the six months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $2,338 and $4,647, respectively. The effective tax rates were 12.9% and 28.0% for the six months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the six months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the prior year periods was primarily due to reduction of the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, and other changes enacted by new tax reform legislation, as described further below.

The deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented net in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as noncurrent. We expect to receive the full benefit of the deferred tax assets recorded, with the exception of certain state credits, and state net operating loss carryforwards, for which we have recorded a valuation allowance.

Uncertain tax positions

We had liabilities of $2,527 and $2,419 for unrecognized tax benefits related to various federal, state and local income tax matters as of September 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively. If recognized, this amount would reduce our effective tax rate.

We are no longer subject to United States federal income tax examinations for tax years before fiscal year ended 2014. With a few exceptions, we are no longer subject to state or local income tax examinations for tax years before fiscal year ended 2014. We do not anticipate the total unrecognized tax benefits to significantly change due to the settlement of audits or the expiration of statute of limitations within the next twelve months.

United States Tax Reform

On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed and enacted into law H.R. 1 (the “Tax Reform”). This new tax legislation, effective for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2018, except for certain provisions, resulted in significant changes to existing United States tax law, including various provisions, such as

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Establishes a flat corporate income tax rate of 21% on United States earnings

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Imposes a one-time tax on unremitted cumulative non- United States earnings of foreign subsidiaries (Transition Tax)

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Imposes a new minimum tax on certain non- United States earnings, irrespective of the territorial system of taxation, and generally allows for the repatriation of future earnings of foreign subsidiaries without incurring additional United States taxes by transitioning to a territorial system of taxation (Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income or “GILTI Tax”)

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Subjects certain payments made by a United States company to a related foreign company to certain minimum taxes (Base Erosion Anti-Abuse Tax)

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Eliminates certain prior tax incentives for manufacturing in the United States and creates an incentive for United States companies to sell, lease or license goods and services abroad by allowing for a reduction in taxes owed on earnings related to such sales

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Allows the cost of investments in certain depreciable assets acquired and placed in service after September 27, 2017 to be immediately expensed

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Reduces deductions with respect to certain compensation paid to specified executive officers

We are subject to the provisions of FASB Accounting Standards Codification 740-10, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), which requires that the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates be recognized in the period the tax rate change was enacted. The Tax Reform reduces the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, and thus we have revised our estimated annual effective tax rate to reflect the change in the federal statutory rate of 21%.

The Tax Reform also required a one-time transition tax based on total post-1986 foreign cumulative earnings and profits previously deferred from United States federal taxation, which was reasonably estimated and recorded as a one-time income tax expense of $1,381 at March 31, 2018. We will continue to analyze the calculation of cumulative foreign earnings and finalize the amounts held in cash or other specified assets.

Due to the complexities involved in accounting for the enactment of the Tax Reform, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (”SAB 118”) allowed us to record provisional amounts in earnings for the year ended March 31, 2018 and quarter ended September 30, 2018. SAB 118 provides that where reasonable estimates can be made, the provisional accounting should be based on such estimates and when no reasonable estimate can be made, the provisional accounting may be based on the tax law in effect before the Tax Reform. We will continue to analyze the effects of the Tax Reform on our consolidated financial statements. Additional impacts from the enactment of the Tax Reform will be recorded as they are identified during the measurement period of up to one year from the enactment date as provided for in SAB 118. The final impact of the Tax Reform may differ from the provisional amounts that have been recognized, possibly materially, due to, among other things, changes in our interpretation of the Tax Reform, legislative or administrative actions to clarify the intent of the statutory language provided that differ from our current interpretation, any changes in accounting standards for income taxes or related interpretations in response to the Tax Reform, or any updates or changes to estimates utilized to calculate the impacts, including changes to current year earnings estimates and applicable foreign exchange rates. Additionally, our United States tax returns for March 31, 2018 will be filed on or before January 15, 2019 and any changes to the tax positions for temporary differences compared to the estimates used will result in an adjustment of the estimated tax expense recorded as of March 31, 2018.

The Tax Reform also includes a GILTI Tax, requiring inclusion of certain non US earnings effective April 1, 2018. The GILTI inclusion has been estimated and included in the effective tax rate used for the tax provision recorded at September 30, 2018. Currently, the estimate of the non-US income inclusion for current fiscal year is $3,028. We will continue to evaluate the impact of the GILTI provisions under the Tax Reform which are complex and subject to continuing regulatory interpretation by the United States Internal Revenue Service. We are required to make an accounting policy election of either (1) treating taxes due on future United States inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI as a current period expense when incurred or (2) factoring such amounts into our measurement of deferred taxes. The final election made with respects to the new GILTI Tax rules will depend, in part, on further analyzing our global income.

The Tax Reform legislation includes various other provisions with effective dates beginning April 1, 2018 and beyond. For other changes that impact business related income, exclusions, deductions and credits with effective dates for our fiscal year beginning April 1, 2018, we will continue to account for those items based on our existing accounting under ASC 740 and the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately prior to the enactment of the Tax Reform.