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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

9. Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes in the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $1,487 and $2,342, respectively. The effective tax rates were 49.1% and 18.3% for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.  The provision for income taxes for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $6,134 and $3,950, respectively. The effective tax rates were 31.3% and 22.2% for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017 compared to the prior year periods was primarily due to a one-time revaluation of deferred and foreign transition taxes, which was a result of new tax reform legislation enacted on December 22, 2017, as described further below. This increase in the effective tax rate was offset by a favorable benefit due to an increase in the research and development credit claimed on our recently filed tax return.

The deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented net in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as noncurrent. We expect to receive the full benefit of the deferred tax assets recorded, with the exception of certain state credits, state net operating loss carryforwards, and foreign accumulated minimum tax credits, for which we have recorded a valuation allowance.

Uncertain tax positions

We had liabilities of $4,890 and $4,762 for unrecognized tax benefits related to various federal, state and local income tax matters as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, respectively. If recognized, this amount would reduce our effective tax rate.

We are no longer subject to United States federal income tax examinations for tax years before fiscal year ended 2014. With a few exceptions, we are no longer subject to state or local income tax examinations for tax years before fiscal year ended 2013. We do not anticipate the total unrecognized tax benefits to significantly change due to the settlement of audits or the expiration of statute of limitations within the next twelve months.

United States Tax Reform

On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed and enacted into law H.R. 1 (the “Tax Reform”). This new tax legislation, effective for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2018, except for certain provisions, resulted in significant changes to existing United States tax law, including various provisions that will impact our Company. Below is a summary of the provisions of the Tax Reform that we believe will be most impactful to our Company.

We are subject to the provisions of FASB Accounting Standards Codification 740-10, Income Taxes, which requires that the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates be recognized in the period the tax rate change was enacted. The Tax Reform reduces the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, and thus we have revised our estimated annual effective tax rate to reflect the change in the federal statutory rate by using a blended rate of 31.5% for the annual period ended March 31, 2018. As a result of the enacted reduction in the federal corporate income tax rate, we recorded a one-time, non-cash increase to income tax expense for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017 related to the remeasurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities.  The resulting $3,095 decrease in net deferred tax assets was reasonably estimated and based on the tax rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future. We are currently in the process of analyzing certain aspects of the Tax Reform and continue to refine our calculations, which include, but are not limited to, computing the full year remeasurement of net deferred tax assets.

The Tax Reform also required a one-time transition tax based on total post-1986 foreign cumulative earnings and profits previously deferred from United States federal taxation, which was reasonably estimated at December 31, 2017 and recorded as a one-time income tax expense of $1,354 in the current period. This liability is expected to be paid with our annual tax returns for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. We will continue to analyze the calculation of cumulative foreign earnings and finalize the amounts held in cash or other specified assets.

We have recorded the provisional impacts of the Tax Reform at December 31, 2017 based on our most reasonable estimates, as noted above. The Tax Reform legislation includes various other provisions with effective dates for the Company beginning April 1, 2018 and beyond.  For other changes that impact business related income, exclusions, deductions and credits with effective dates for our fiscal year beginning April 1, 2018, we will continue to account for those items based on our existing accounting under ASC 740, Income Taxes, and the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately prior to the enactment of the Tax Reform. We will continue to analyze the provisions of the Tax Reform to fully assess the impact on our consolidated financial statements and expect to provide additional details in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.