Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Quality Systems, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, which consists of NextGen Healthcare Information Systems, LLC (“NextGen”), NextGen RCM Services, LLC, Opus Healthcare Solutions, LLC (“Opus”), ViaTrack Systems, LLC (“ViaTrack”), Matrix Management Solutions, LLC ("Matrix"), QSI Management, LLC and Quality Systems India Healthcare Private Limited (“QSIH”) (collectively, the “Company”). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Business Segments. The Company has prepared operating segment information based on the manner in which management disaggregates the Company’s operations for making internal operating decisions. See Note 14.

Basis of Presentation. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with fiscal year 2013 presentation.

References to amounts in the consolidated financial statement sections are in thousands, except shares and per share data, unless otherwise specified.

Revenue Recognition. The Company generates revenue from the sale of licensing rights to its software products directly to end-users and value-added resellers, or VARs. The Company also generates revenue from sales of hardware and third-party software, implementation, training, electronic data interchange (“EDI”), post-contract support (maintenance) and other services, including revenue cycle management (“RCM”), performed for clients who license its products.

A typical system contract contains multiple elements of the above items. Revenue earned on software arrangements involving multiple elements is allocated to each element based on the relative fair values of those elements. The fair value of an element is based on vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”). The Company limits its assessment of VSOE for each element to either the price charged when the same element is sold separately or the price established by management having the relevant authority to do so, for an element not yet sold separately. VSOE calculations are updated and reviewed quarterly or annually depending on the nature of the product or service. The Company generally establishes VSOE for the related undelivered elements based on the bell-shaped curve method. Maintenance VSOE for the Company's largest clients is based on stated renewal rates only if the rate is determined to be substantive and falls within the Company's customary pricing practices.

When evidence of fair value exists for the delivered and undelivered elements of a transaction, then discounts for individual elements are aggregated and the total discount is allocated to the individual elements in proportion to the elements' fair value relative to the total contract fair value.

When evidence of fair value exists for the undelivered elements only, the residual method is used. Under the residual method, the Company defers revenue related to the undelivered elements in a system sale based on VSOE of fair value of each of the undelivered elements and allocates the remainder of the contract price net of all discounts to revenue recognized from the delivered elements. If VSOE of fair value of any undelivered element does not exist, all revenue is deferred until VSOE of fair value of the undelivered element is established or the element has been delivered.

Provided the fees are fixed or determinable and collection is considered probable, revenue from licensing rights and sales of hardware and third-party software is generally recognized upon physical or electronic shipment and transfer of title. In certain transactions where collection risk is high, the revenue is deferred until collection occurs or becomes probable. If the fee is not fixed or determinable, then the revenue recognized in each period (subject to application of other revenue recognition criteria) will be the lesser of the aggregate of amounts due and payable or the amount of the arrangement fee that would have been recognized if the fees were being recognized using the residual method. Fees which are considered fixed or determinable at the inception of the Company's arrangements must include the following characteristic:


▪	The fee must be negotiated at the outset of an arrangement and generally be based on the specific volume of products to be delivered without being subject to change based on variable pricing mechanisms such as the number of units copied or distributed or the expected number of users.

Revenue from implementation and training services is recognized as the corresponding services are performed. Maintenance revenue is recognized ratably over the contractual maintenance period.

Contract accounting is applied where services include significant modification, development or customization.

The Company ensures that the following criteria have been met prior to recognition of revenue:


▪	the price is fixed or determinable;


▪	the customer is obligated to pay and there are no contingencies surrounding the obligation or the payment;


▪	the customer's obligation would not change in the event of theft or damage to the product;


▪	the customer has economic substance;


▪	the amount of returns can be reasonably estimated; and


▪	the Company does not have significant obligations for future performance in order to bring about resale of the product by the customer.

The Company has historically offered short-term rights of return in certain sales arrangements. If the Company is able to estimate returns for these types of arrangements, revenue is recognized, net of an allowance for returns, and these arrangements are recorded in the consolidated financial statements. If the Company is unable to estimate returns for these types of arrangements, revenue is not recognized in the consolidated financial statements until the rights of return expire, provided also, that all other criteria for revenue recognition have been met.

Revenue related to sales arrangements that include hosting or the right to use software stored on the Company's hardware is recognized in accordance to the same revenue recognition criteria discussed above only if the customer has the contractual right to take possession of the software without incurring a significant penalty and it is feasible for the customer to either host the software themselves or through another third-party. Otherwise, the arrangement is accounted for as a service contract in which the entire arrangement is deferred and recognized over the period that the hosting services are being performed.

From time to time, the Company offers future purchase discounts on its products and services as part of its sales arrangements. Such discounts that are incremental to the range of discounts reflected in the pricing of the other elements of the arrangement, that are incremental to the range of discounts typically given in comparable transactions, and that are significant, are treated as an additional element of the contract to be deferred. Amounts deferred related to future purchase options are not recognized until either the customer exercises the discount offer or the offer expires.

RCM service revenue is derived from services fees, which include amounts charged for ongoing billing and other related services, and are generally billed to the customer as a percentage of total collections. The Company does not recognize revenue for services fees until these collections are made, as the services fees are not fixed or determinable until such time.

Revenue is divided into two categories, “system sales” and “maintenance, EDI, RCM and other services.” Revenue in the system sales category includes software license fees, third-party hardware and software and implementation and training services related to purchase of the Company's software systems. Revenue in the maintenance, EDI, RCM and other services category includes maintenance, EDI, RCM services, consulting services, annual third-party license fees, hosting services, Software as a Service ("SaaS") fees and other services revenue.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents generally consist of cash, money market funds and short-term U.S. Treasury securities with maturities of 90 days or less at the time of purchase. The Company had cash deposits at U.S. banks and financial institutions at March 31, 2013 of which $105.0 million was in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limit of $250,000 per owner. The Company is exposed to credit loss for amounts in excess of insured limits in the event of nonperformance by the institutions; however, the Company does not anticipate nonperformance by these institutions.

The money market fund in which the Company holds a portion of its cash invests in only investment grade money market instruments from a variety of industries, and therefore bears relatively low market risk.

Restricted Cash. Restricted cash consists of cash which is being held by the Company acting as agent for the disbursement of certain state social services programs. The Company records an offsetting “Care Services liability” (see also Note 9) when it initially receives such cash from the government social service programs and relieves both restricted cash and the Care Services liability when amounts are disbursed. The Company earns an administrative fee which is based on a percentage of funds disbursed on behalf of certain government social service programs.

Marketable Securities. Marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair value, based on quoted market rates when observable or valuation analysis when appropriate. Unrealized gains and losses, are included in shareholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses on investments are included as interest income.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. The Company provides credit terms typically ranging from thirty days to less than twelve months for most system and maintenance contract sales and generally does not require collateral. The Company performs credit evaluations of its clients and maintains reserves for estimated credit losses. Reserves for potential credit losses are determined by establishing both specific and general reserves. Specific reserves are based on management’s estimate of the probability of collection for certain troubled accounts. General reserves are established based on the Company’s historical experience of bad debt expense and the aging of the Company’s accounts receivable balances, net of deferred revenue and specifically reserved accounts. Accounts are written off as uncollectible only after the Company has expended extensive collection efforts.

Inventories. Inventories consist of hardware for specific client orders and spare parts and are valued at lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market. Management provides a reserve to reduce inventory to its net realizable value.

Equipment and Improvements. Equipment and improvements are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Repair and maintenance costs that do not improve service potential or extend economic life are expensed as incurred. Depreciation and amortization of equipment and improvements are recorded over the estimated useful lives of the assets, or the related lease terms if shorter, by the straight-line method. Useful lives generally have the following ranges:



l	Computer equipment	3-5 years
l	Furniture and fixtures	5-7 years
l	Leasehold improvements	lesser of lease term or estimated useful life of asset

Costs incurred to develop internal-use software during the application development stage are capitalized, stated at cost, and amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is typically seven years. Application development stage costs generally include costs associated with internal-use software configuration, coding, installation and testing. Costs of significant upgrades and enhancements that result in additional functionality are also capitalized, whereas costs incurred for maintenance and minor upgrades and enhancements are expensed as incurred.

Software Development Costs. Development costs incurred in the research and development of new software products and enhancements to existing software products for external use are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility has been established. After technological feasibility is established, any additional external software development costs are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated economic life of the related product, which is typically three years. The Company provides support services on the current and prior two versions of its software. Management performs an annual review of the estimated economic life and the recoverability of such capitalized software costs. If a determination is made that capitalized amounts are not recoverable based on the estimated cash flows to be generated from the applicable software, any remaining capitalized amounts are written off.

Business Combinations. In accordance with the accounting for business combinations, the Company allocates the purchase price of acquired businesses to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on estimated fair values. The purchase price allocation methodology contains uncertainties because it requires management to make assumptions and to apply judgment to estimate the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities. Management estimates the fair value of assets and liabilities based upon quoted market prices, the carrying value of the acquired assets and widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flows and market multiple analyses. Unanticipated events or circumstances may occur which could affect the accuracy of our fair value estimates, including assumptions regarding industry economic factors and business strategies.

Goodwill. The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually during its first fiscal quarter, referred to as the annual test date. The Company will also test for impairment between annual test dates if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. Impairment testing for goodwill is performed at a reporting-unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment (referred to as a component). A component of an operating segment is a reporting unit if the component constitutes a business for which discrete financial information is available and segment management regularly reviews the operating results of that component. An impairment loss would generally be recognized when the carrying amount of the reporting unit's net assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the reporting unit.

During the quarter ended December 31, 2012 and subsequently at March 31, 2013, certain events and circumstances indicated the possibility that the carrying amount of goodwill could potentially be impaired. See Note 6 for information regarding the impairment of goodwill at March 31, 2013.

Intangible Assets. Intangible assets consist of customer relationships, trade names and contracts and certain software technology. These intangible assets are recorded at fair value and are stated net of accumulated amortization. The Company currently amortizes the intangible assets over periods ranging from six months to nine years using a method that reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible asset are consumed. Also, see discussion below regarding the recoverability of long-lived assets, which includes definite-lived intangible assets.

Long-Lived Assets. The Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets at least annually or whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate that impairment may have occurred. If the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the related assets are less than the carrying value of such assets, impairment has been incurred and a loss is recognized to reduce the carrying value of the long-lived assets to fair value, which is determined by discounting estimated future cash flows.

Management periodically reviews the carrying value of long-lived assets to determine whether or not impairment to such value has occurred and has determined that there was no impairment to its long-lived assets as of March 31, 2013. In addition to the recoverability assessment, the Company routinely reviews the remaining estimated lives of its long-lived assets.

Income Taxes. Income taxes are provided based on current taxable income and the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the basis of assets and liabilities for financial and tax reporting. The deferred income tax assets and liabilities represent the future state and federal tax return consequences of those differences, which will either be taxable or deductible when the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. Deferred income taxes are also recognized for operating losses that are available to offset future taxable income and tax credits that are available to offset future income taxes. At each reporting period, management assesses the realizable value of deferred tax assets based on, among other things, estimates of future taxable income and adjusts the related valuation allowance as necessary. Management makes a number of assumptions and estimates in determining the appropriate amount of expense to record for income taxes. These assumptions and estimates consider the taxing jurisdiction in which the Company operates as well as current tax regulations. Accruals are established for estimates of tax effects for certain transactions and future projected profitability of the Company’s businesses based on management’s interpretation of existing facts and circumstances.

Self-Insurance Liabilities. The Company accrues for estimated self-insurance costs and uninsured exposures based on claims filed and an estimate of claims incurred but not reported as of each balance sheet date. However, it is possible that recorded accruals may not be adequate to cover the future payment of claims. Adjustments, if any, to estimated accruals resulting from ultimate claim payments will be reflected in earnings during the periods in which such adjustments are determined. Periodically, the Company reevaluates the adequacy of the accruals by comparing amounts accrued on the balance sheets for anticipated losses to an updated actuarial loss forecasts and third-party claim administrator loss estimates and makes adjustments to the accruals as needed. The self-insurance accrual is included in other current liabilities. If any of the factors that contribute to the overall cost of insurance claims were to change, the actual amount incurred for the self-insurance liabilities would be directly affected.

As of March 31, 2013 and 2012, the self-insurance accrual was approximately $1,336 and $934, respectively, and is included in other current liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. If any of the factors that contribute to the overall cost of insurance claims were to change, the actual amount incurred for the self-insurance liabilities would be directly affected.

Advertising Costs. Advertising costs are charged to operations as incurred. The Company does not have any direct-response advertising. Advertising costs, which include trade shows and conventions, were approximately $6,499, $6,254 and $7,122 for the years ended March 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and were included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Marketing Assistance Agreements. The Company has entered into marketing assistance agreements with certain existing users of the Company’s products, which provide the opportunity for those users to earn commissions if they host specific site visits upon the Company’s request for prospective clients that directly result in a purchase of the Company’s software by the visiting prospects. Amounts earned by existing users under this program are treated as a selling expense in the period when earned.

Foreign Currency Translation. The Indian Rupee is considered to be the functional currency for QSIH. Assets and liabilities are re-measured at the exchange rate on the balance sheet dates. Revenues and expenses are re-measured at weighted average exchange rates in effect during the year. Any translation adjustments resulting from this process are shown as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within shareholders' equity in the consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The net foreign currency gain (loss) for the year ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 was not significant.

Earnings per Share. The Company provides dual presentation of “basic” and “diluted” earnings per share (“EPS”). Shares discussed below are in thousands.



	Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
	2013		2012		2011
Net income	$	42,724	$	75,657	$	61,606
Basic net income per share:
Weighted-average shares outstanding — Basic	59,392		58,729		57,894
Basic net income per common share	$	0.72	$	1.29	$	1.06
Net income	$	42,724	$	75,657	$	61,606
Diluted net income per share:
Weighted-average shares outstanding — Basic	59,392		58,729		57,894
Effect of potentially dilutive securities	70		320		342
Weighted-average shares outstanding — Diluted	59,462		59,049		58,236
Diluted net income per common share	$	0.72	$	1.28	$	1.06

The computation of diluted net income per share does not include 966, 335 and 514 options for the years ended March 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, because their inclusion would have an anti-dilutive effect on net income per share.

Share-Based Compensation. The Company estimates the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. Expected term is estimated using historical exercise experience. Volatility is estimated by using the weighted-average historical volatility of the Company’s common stock, which approximates expected volatility. The risk free rate is the implied yield available on the U.S Treasury zero-coupon issues with remaining terms equal to the expected term. The expected dividend yield is the average dividend rate during a period equal to the expected term of the option. Those inputs are then entered into the Black Scholes model to determine the estimated fair value. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized ratably as expense over the requisite service period in the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Share-based compensation is adjusted on a monthly basis for changes to estimated forfeitures based on a review of historical forfeiture activity. To the extent that actual forfeitures differ, or are expected to differ, from the estimate, share-based compensation expense is adjusted accordingly. The effect of the forfeiture adjustments for years ended March 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 was not significant.

The following table shows total share-based compensation expense included in the consolidated statements of income for years ended March 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:



	Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
	2013			2012			2011
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue	$	201		$	261		$	272
Research and development costs	230			184			152
Selling, general and administrative	1,896			2,876			3,324
Total share-based compensation	2,327			3,321			3,748
Amounts capitalized in software development costs	—			—			(2		)
Amounts charged against earnings, before income tax benefit	$	2,327		$	3,321		$	3,746
Income tax benefit	(726		)	(1,236		)	(1,343		)
Decrease in net income	$	1,601		$	2,085		$	2,403

Sales Taxes. The Company records revenue net of sales tax obligation in the consolidated statements of income.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to uncollectible receivables, vendor specific objective evidence, self-insurance accruals and income taxes and related credits and deductions. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

New Accounting Standards. New accounting pronouncements implemented by the Company during the current year or requiring implementation in future periods are discussed below or in the notes, where applicable.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2013, the Company adopted new accounting guidance intended to simplify goodwill impairment testing. Under the revised guidance, entities testing goodwill for impairment have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing the two-step impairment test would be required. Under the revised guidance, an entity has the option to bypass the qualitative assessment for any reporting unit in any period and proceed directly to performing the first step of the two-step goodwill impairment test. An entity may resume performing the qualitative assessment in any subsequent period. The revised guidance does not change how goodwill is calculated or assigned to reporting units, nor does it revise the requirement to test goodwill annually for impairment. In addition, the revised guidance does not amend the requirement to test goodwill for impairment between annual tests if events or circumstances warrant; however, it does revise the examples of events and circumstances that an entity should consider. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows and is discussed further within this footnote.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2013, the Company adopted guidance regarding the presentation of comprehensive income. The new standard requires the presentation of comprehensive income, the components of net income and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2013, the Company adopted additional guidance on fair value measurements intended to clarify the application of the existing guidance and disclosure requirements, as well as change certain fair value measurement principles and require additional disclosures surrounding these fair value measurements. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

In February 2013, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2013-02, Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (ASU 2013-02). The new standard requires an entity to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income by component. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements, but may have an effect on the required disclosures for future reporting periods.

Out-of-Period Accounting Adjustments. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013, the Company recorded an adjustment which decreased pre-tax income by approximately $2.6 million to correct an accounting estimate for commissions, of which $2.1 million originated in years prior to fiscal 2013. Also recorded in the same period was an adjustment increasing pre-tax income by $1.7 million as a result of capitalizing R&D labor which had been incorrectly expensed during the first three quarters of fiscal 2013. The Company does not believe these out-of-period adjustments, separately or in aggregate, are material to the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013 or to any prior years' consolidated financial statements.