10-Q

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

___________________________

FORM 10-Q

x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024
OR
o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission File No. 000-20827

____________________

CASS INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Missouri	43-1265338
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
12444 Powerscourt Drive, Suite 550 St. Louis, Missouri	63131
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(314) 506-5500

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading symbols	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $.50	CASS	The Nasdaq Global Select Market

____________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes     x                 No    o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes     x                 No     o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer," “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer	o	Accelerated Filer	x
Non-Accelerated Filer	o	Smaller Reporting Company	o	Emerging Growth Company	o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes     ☐                 No    x

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's only class of common stock as of May 3, 2024: Common stock, par value $.50 per share – 13,643,658 shares outstanding.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I – Financial Information
Item 1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
	Consolidated Balance Sheets March 31, 2024 (unaudited) and December 31, 2023	3
	Consolidated Statements of Income Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)	4
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)	5
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)	6
	Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)	6
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	8
Item 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	21
Item 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	31
Item 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	31
PART II – Other Information – Items 1. – 6.		32
SIGNATURES		34

Forward-looking Statements - Factors That May Affect Future Results

This report may contain or incorporate by reference forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Although we believe that, in making any such statements, our expectations are based on reasonable assumptions, forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties, and other factors beyond our control, which may cause future performance to be materially different from expected performance summarized in the forward-looking statements. These risks, uncertainties and other factors are discussed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), which may be updated from time to time in our future filings with the SEC. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events, or changes to future results over time.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CASS INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollars in Thousands except Share and Per Share Data)

	March 31, 2024 (Unaudited)		December 31, 2023
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	17,323	$	20,908
Short-term investments	175,480		351,560
Cash and cash equivalents	192,803		372,468
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value	621,929		627,117
Loans	1,036,997		1,014,318
Less: Allowance for credit losses	13,299		13,089
Loans, net	1,023,698		1,001,229
Payments in advance of funding	221,552		198,861
Premises and equipment, net	32,613		30,093
Investment in bank-owned life insurance	49,496		49,159
Goodwill	17,309		17,309
Other intangible assets, net	3,154		3,345
Accounts and drafts receivable from customers	32,856		110,651
Other assets	98,169		68,390
Total assets	$	2,293,579	$	2,478,622
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	$	412,879	$	524,359
Interest-bearing	666,213		616,455
Total deposits	1,079,092		1,140,814
Accounts and drafts payable	944,793		1,071,369
Other liabilities	40,207		36,630
Total liabilities	2,064,092		2,248,813
Shareholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock, par value $.50 per share; 2,000,000 shares authorized and no shares issued	—		—
Common stock, par value $.50 per share; 40,000,000 shares authorized and 15,505,772 shares issued at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023; 13,627,848 and 13,582,375 shares outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.	7,753		7,753
Additional paid-in capital	204,361		208,007
Retained earnings	148,845		145,782
Common shares in treasury, at cost (1,877,924 shares at March 31, 2024 and 1,923,397 shares at December 31, 2023)	(82,316)		(84,264)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(49,156)		(47,469)
Total shareholders’ equity	229,487		229,809
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,293,579	$	2,478,622

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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CASS INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands except Per Share Data)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Fee Revenue and Other Income:
Processing fees	$	21,253	$	19,513
Financial fees	10,777		11,259
Other	1,267		1,335
Total fee revenue and other income	33,297		32,107
Interest Income:
Interest and fees on loans	12,776		12,235
Interest and dividends on securities:
Taxable	3,519		3,586
Exempt from federal income taxes	918		1,208
Interest on federal funds sold and other short-term investments	4,441		3,113
Total interest income	21,654		20,142
Interest Expense:
Interest on deposits	5,178		3,171
Interest on short-term borrowings	—		73
Total interest expense	5,178		3,244
Net interest income	16,476		16,898
Provision for (release of) credit losses	95		(340)
Net interest income after provision for (release of) credit losses	16,381		17,238
Total net revenue	49,678		49,345
Operating Expense:
Personnel	30,607		30,026
Occupancy	861		855
Equipment	1,881		2,082
Amortization of intangible assets	191		195
Other operating expense	7,131		7,214
Total operating expense	40,671		40,372
Income before income tax expense	9,007		8,973
Income tax expense	1,855		1,856
Net income	$	7,152	$	7,117
Basic earnings per share	$	.53	$	.52
Diluted earnings per share	.52		.51

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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CASS INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Comprehensive Income:
Net income	$	7,152	$	7,117
Other comprehensive income:
Net unrealized (loss) gain on securities available-for-sale	(2,096)		9,181
Tax effect	499		(2,185)
Reclassification adjustments for gains included in net income	—		(39)
Tax effect	—		9
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(90)		85
Total comprehensive income	$	5,465	$	14,168

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.                                

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CASS INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net income	$	7,152	$	7,117
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of intangible assets	191		195
Net amortization of premium/discount on investment securities	1,037		1,219
Depreciation	1,141		945
Gains on sales of securities	—		(39)
Stock-based compensation expense	1,226		1,950
Provision for (release of) for credit losses	95		(340)
Increase in current income tax liability	1,786		1,704
Increase in pension liability	212		101
Increase in accounts receivable	(1,601)		(1,878)
Other operating activities, net	(1,412)		(1,681)
Net cash provided by operating activities	9,827		9,293
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Proceeds from sales of securities available-for-sale	—		61,418
Proceeds from maturities of securities available-for-sale	14,559		13,164
Purchase of securities available-for-sale	(37,504)		(15,190)
Net (increase) decrease in loans	(22,679)		12,533
(Increase) decrease in payments in advance of funding	(22,691)		33,956
Purchases of premises and equipment, net	(3,661)		(1,954)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(71,976)		103,927
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Net decrease in noninterest-bearing demand deposits	(111,480)		(57,434)
Net increase (decrease) in interest-bearing demand and savings deposits	51,116		(106,201)
Net (decrease) increase in time deposits	(1,358)		22,568
Net decrease in accounts and drafts receivable from customers	77,795		58,491
Net decrease in accounts and drafts payable	(126,576)		(16,165)
Cash dividends paid	(4,089)		(3,977)
Purchase of common shares for treasury	(1,054)		—
Other financing activities, net	(1,870)		(966)
Net cash used in financing activities	(117,516)		(103,684)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(179,665)		9,536
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	372,468		200,942
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	192,803	$	210,478
Supplemental information:
Cash paid for interest	$	5,425	$	3,135
Cash paid for income taxes	61		139

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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CASS INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2024 AND 2023

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands except per share data)

	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	7,753	$	207,422	$	131,682	$	(81,211)	$	(59,321)	$	206,325
Net income					7,117						7,117
Cash dividends ($0.29 per share)					(3,977)						(3,977)
Issuance of 61,534 common shares pursuant to stock-based compensation plans, net			(2,520)				1,670				(850)
Exercise of SARs			(238)				122				(116)
Stock-based compensation expense			1,950								1,950
Other comprehensive gain									7,051		7,051
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	7,753	$	206,614	$	134,822	$	(79,419)	$	(52,270)	$	217,500
Balance, December 31, 2023	$	7,753	$	208,007	$	145,782	$	(84,264)	$	(47,469)	$	229,809
Net income					7,152						7,152
Cash dividends ($0.30 per share)					(4,089)						(4,089)
Issuance of 105,686 common shares pursuant to stock-based compensation plans, net			(4,904)				3,034				(1,870)
Stock-based compensation expense			1,258				(32)				1,226
Purchase of 23,271 common shares							(1,054)				(1,054)
Other comprehensive loss									(1,687)		(1,687)
Balance, March 31, 2024	$	7,753	$	204,361	$	148,845	$	(82,316)	$	(49,156)	$	229,487

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CASS INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Certain amounts in prior-period financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation. Such reclassifications have no effect on previously reported net income or shareholders’ equity. For further information, refer to the audited consolidated financial statements and related footnotes included in Cass Information System, Inc.’s (the “Company” or “Cass”) Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 ("2023 Form 10-K").

Note 2 – Intangible Assets

The Company accounts for intangible assets in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, which requires that intangibles with indefinite useful lives be tested annually for impairment, or when management deems there is a triggering event, and those with finite useful lives be amortized over their useful lives.

Details of the Company’s intangible assets are as follows:

	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Assets eligible for amortization:
Customer lists	$	6,470	$	(4,919)	$	6,470	$	(4,851)
Patents	72		(37)		72		(36)
Software	3,212		(2,040)		3,212		(1,933)
Trade name	373		(77)		373		(70)
Other	500		(400)		500		(392)
Unamortized intangible assets:
Goodwill	17,309		—		17,309		—
Total intangible assets	$	27,936	$	(7,473)	$	27,936	$	(7,282)

The customer lists are amortized over 7 to 10 years; the patents over 18 years; software over 3 to 7 years; the trade names over 10 to 20 years; and other intangible assets over 15 years. Amortization of intangible assets amounted to $191,000 and $195,000 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Estimated annual amortization of intangibles is $738,000 in 2024, $730,000 in 2025, $582,000 in 2026, $262,000 in 2027, and $254,000 in 2028.

Note 3 – Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the sum of the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and the weighted-average number of potential common shares outstanding. Under the treasury stock method, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) are dilutive when the average market price of the Company’s common stock, combined with the effect of any unamortized compensation expense, exceeds the SAR price during a period.

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The calculations of basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows:

(In thousands except share and per share data)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Basic
Net income	$	7,152	$	7,117
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	13,530,228		13,599,472
Basic earnings per share	$	0.53	$	0.52
Diluted
Net income	$	7,152	$	7,117
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	13,530,228		13,599,472
Effect of dilutive restricted stock and stock appreciation rights	255,049		263,926
Weighted-average common shares outstanding assuming dilution	13,785,277		13,863,398
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.52	$	0.51

Note 4 – Stock Repurchases

The Company maintains a treasury stock buyback program pursuant to which, in October 2023, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock with no expiration date. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had 462,765 shares remaining available for repurchase under the program. The Company repurchased 23,271 and 0 shares during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Repurchases may be made in the open market or through negotiated transactions from time to time depending on market conditions.

Note 5 – Industry Segment Information

The services provided by the Company are classified into two reportable segments: Information Services and Banking Services. Each of these segments provides distinct services that are marketed through different channels. They are managed separately due to their unique service and processing requirements.

The Information Services segment provides transportation, energy, telecommunication, and environmental invoice processing and payment services to large corporations. In addition, this segment provides church management software and on-line generosity services primarily for faith-based ministries. The Banking Services segment provides banking services primarily to privately held businesses, franchise restaurants, and faith-based ministries, as well as supporting the banking needs of the Information Services segment.

The Company’s accounting policies for segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K. Management evaluates segment performance based on pre-tax income after allocations for corporate expenses. Transactions between segments are accounted for at what management believes to be fair value.

Substantially all revenue originates from, and all long-lived assets are located within, the United States and no revenue from any customer of any segment exceeds 10% of the Company’s consolidated revenue.

Funding sources represent average balances and deposits generated by Information Services and Banking Services and there is no allocation methodology used. Banking Services interest income is determined by actual interest income on loans minus actual interest expense paid on deposits plus/minus an allocation for interest income or expense dependent on the remaining available liquidity of the segment. Information Services interest income is determined by multiplying available liquidity by actual yields on short-term investments and investment securities.

Any difference between total segment interest income and overall total Company interest income is included in Corporate, Eliminations, and Other.

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Summarized information about the Company’s operations in each industry segment is as follows:

(In thousands)	Information Services		Banking Services		Corporate, Eliminations and Other		Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024:
Fee income	$	32,321	$	640	$	336	$	33,297
Interest income	10,191		13,884		(2,421)		21,654
Interest expense	598		7,890		(3,310)		5,178
Intersegment income (expense)	(1,038)		1,038		—		—
Pre-tax income	5,964		1,818		1,225		9,007
Goodwill	17,173		136		—		17,309
Other intangible assets, net	3,154		—		—		3,154
Total assets	1,386,858		1,122,954		(216,233)		2,293,579
Average funding sources	$	1,315,614	$	799,740	$	—	$	2,115,354
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023:
Fee income	$	31,077	$	711	$	319	$	32,107
Interest income	9,447		13,177		(2,482)		20,142
Interest expense	98		5,433		(2,287)		3,244
Intersegment income (expense)	(914)		914		—		—
Pre-tax income	4,991		3,859		123		8,973
Goodwill	17,173		136		—		17,309
Other intangible assets, net	3,931		—		—		3,931
Total assets	1,526,001		1,167,979		(266,591)		2,427,389
Average funding sources	$	1,357,035	$	882,892	$	—	$	2,239,927

Note 6 – Loans by Type

A summary of loans is as follows:

(In thousands)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Commercial and industrial	$	526,486	$	498,502
Real estate:
Commercial:
Mortgage	114,200		118,371
Construction	8,812		8,233
Faith-based:
Mortgage	378,158		381,368
Construction	9,336		7,790
Other	5		54
Total loans	$	1,036,997	$	1,014,318

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The following table presents the aging of loans past due by category at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

	Performing						Nonperforming
(In thousands)	Current		30-59 Days		60-89 Days		90 Days and Over		Non- accrual		Total Loans
March 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial	$	526,486	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	526,486
Real estate
Commercial:
Mortgage	114,200		—		—		—		—		114,200
Construction	8,812		—		—		—		—		8,812
Faith-based:
Mortgage	378,158		—		—		—		—		378,158
Construction	9,336		—		—		—		—		9,336
Other	5		—		—		—		—		5
Total	$	1,036,997	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,036,997
December 31, 2023
Commercial and industrial	$	498,502	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	498,502
Real estate
Commercial:
Mortgage	118,371		—		—		—		—		118,371
Construction	8,233		—		—		—		—		8,233
Faith-based:
Mortgage	381,368		—		—		—		—		381,368
Construction	7,790		—		—		—		—		7,790
Other	54		—		—		—		—		54
Total	$	1,014,318	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,014,318

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The following table presents the credit exposure of the loan portfolio by internally assigned credit grade as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(In thousands)	Loans Subject to Normal Monitoring1		Performing Loans Subject to Special Monitoring2		Nonperforming Loans Subject to Special Monitoring2		Total Loans
March 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial	$	526,486	$	—	$	—	$	526,486
Real estate
Commercial:
Mortgage	110,407		3,793		—		114,200
Construction	8,812		—		—		8,812
Faith-based:
Mortgage	371,711		6,447		—		378,158
Construction	9,336		—		—		9,336
Other	5		—		—		5
Total	$	1,026,757	$	10,240	$	—	$	1,036,997
December 31, 2023
Commercial and industrial	$	498,502	$	—	$	—	$	498,502
Real estate
Commercial:
Mortgage	118,371		—		—		118,371
Construction	8,233		—		—		8,233
Faith-based:
Mortgage	375,865		5,503		—		381,368
Construction	7,790		—		—		7,790
Other	54		—		—		54
Total	$	1,008,815	$	5,503	$	—	$	1,014,318

1 Loans subject to normal monitoring involve borrowers of acceptable-to-strong credit quality and risk, who have the apparent ability to satisfy their loan obligations.

2 Loans subject to special monitoring possess some credit deficiency or potential weakness which requires a high level of management attention.

Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may be in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, a term extension, or a combination thereof, among other things. There were no loans modified during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The following table shows the amortized

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cost of loans that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the three months ended March 31, 2023, segregated by category and type of modification.

(In thousands)	Payment Delay		Term Extension		Interest Rate Reduction		Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction		Percentage of Total Loans Held for Investment
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	11,225	$	—	$	—	2.04	%
Total	$	—	$	11,225	$	—	$	—	1.05	%

There were two loans modified during the three months ended March 31, 2023. The terms were extended by periods of two and three years and there was not an interest rate reduction associated with the modifications.

The following table shows the payment status of loans that have been modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the last twelve months:

(In thousands)	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due
Commercial and industrial	$	11,686	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total	$	11,686	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

At March 31, 2024, the Company had no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for which the Company modified the terms of the loans in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, or a term extension during the current period.

There were no modified loans that had a payment default during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023 and that had been modified due to the borrower experiencing financial difficulty within the 12 previous months preceding the default.

Upon the Company's determination that a modified loan has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan is written off. There were no loans written off during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

The Company had no loans evaluated for expected credit losses on an individual basis as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively.

There were no foreclosed loans recorded as other real estate owned as of March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

A summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) by category for the three-month period ended March 31, 2024 and year-ended December 31, 2023 is as follows:

(In thousands)	C&I		CRE		Faith-based CRE		Construction		Total
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	5,978	$	940	$	6,437	$	184	$	13,539
Provision for (release of) credit losses	(566)		153		39		(76)		(450)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	5,412	$	1,093	$	6,476	$	108	$	13,089
(Release of) provision for credit losses (1)	215		(58)		38		15		210
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	5,627	$	1,035	$	6,514	$	123	$	13,299

(1) For the three month period ended March 31, 2024 and year-ended December 31, 2023, there was a release of credit losses of $115,000 and $100,000, respectively, for unfunded commitments.

Note 7 – Commitments and Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company is party to activities that contain credit, market and operational risks that are not reflected in whole or in part in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. As more fully described in the Form

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10-K, such activities include traditional off-balance sheet credit-related financial instruments. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, commercial letters of credit and standby letters of credit. The Company’s maximum potential exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit, commercial letters of credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amounts of those instruments. Commitments to extend credit and letters of credit are subject to the same underwriting standards as those financial instruments included on the consolidated balance sheets. An allowance for unfunded commitments of $17,000 and $132,000 had been recorded at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

At March 31, 2024, the balances of unfunded commitments, standby and commercial letters of credit were $223.6 million, $13.5 million, and $569,000, respectively. Since some of the financial instruments may expire without being drawn upon, the total amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.

On March 19, 2024, the Company filed a claim against Rubicon Technologies, Inc. ("Rubicon") for failed reimbursement of invoices that were processed and paid by the Company on Rubicon's behalf and fees for Company services that are due for invoice management services and bill pay services. The Company has a receivable at March 31, 2024 for $8.1 million related to these amounts. There is uncertainty of the existence, or extent of any loss exposure at March 31, 2024. In addition, the Company evaluated the receivable from a credit loss perspective, and, based on this evaluation, the Company does not have a reserve related to this receivable at March 31, 2024.

Note 8 – Stock-Based Compensation

On February 16, 2023, the Board of Directors adopted the 2023 Omnibus Stock and Performance Compensation Plan (the "2023 Omnibus Plan"), which was approved by the Company's shareholders on April 18, 2023. The 2023 Omnibus Plan permits the issuance of up to 1.0 million shares of the Company’s common stock in the form of stock options, SARs, restricted stock, restricted stock units, phantom stock, and performance awards. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, 36,852 time-based restricted shares and 51,261 performance-based restricted shares were granted under the 2023 Omnibus Plan. Stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $1.2 million and $2.0 million, respectively.

Restricted Stock

Restricted shares granted to Company employees are amortized to expense over a three-year cliff vesting period, or until vesting occurs upon retirement. Restricted shares granted to members of the Board of Directors are amortized to expense over a one-year service period, with the exception of those shares granted in lieu of cash payments for retainer fees which are expensed in the period earned.

As of March 31, 2024, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested restricted shares was $2.4 million, and the related weighted-average period over which it is expected to be recognized is approximately 0.97 years.

Following is a summary of the activity of the Company's restricted stock for the three months ended March 31, 2024, with total shares and weighted-average fair value:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Shares	Fair Value
Balance at December 31, 2023	237,780	$	42.17
Granted	36,852	44.39
Vested	(37,577)	40.49
Forfeitures	(710)	43.70
Balance at March 31, 2024	236,345	$	42.79

Performance-Based Restricted Stock

The Company has granted three-year performance-based restricted stock (“PBRS”) awards which are contingent upon the Company’s achievement of pre-established financial goals over a three-year cliff vest period. The number of shares issued ranges from 0% to 150% of the target opportunity based on the actual achievement of financial goals for the three-year performance period.

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Following is a summary of the activity of the PBRS for the three months ended March 31, 2024, based on 100% of target value:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Shares	Fair Value
Balance at December 31, 2023	159,073	$	42.74
Granted	51,261	48.19
Vested	(50,840)	40.74
Forfeitures	(1,066)	43.70
Balance at March 31, 2024	158,428	$	43.87

The PBRS that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2024 were based on the Company's achievement of 135.4% of target financial goals for the 2021-2023 performance period, resulting in the issuance of 68,834 shares of common stock. The outstanding PBRS at March 31, 2024 will vest at scheduled vesting dates and the actual number of shares of common stock issued will range from 0% to 150% of the target opportunity based on the actual achievement of financial goals for the respective three-year performance period.

SARs

There were no SARs granted and no expense recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2024. Following is a summary of the activity of the Company’s SARs program for the three months ended March 31, 2024:

	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Average Remaining Contractual Term Years	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2023	30,409	$	46.70	0.08	$	—
Forfeited	(30,409)	46.70		0.00	—
Exercisable at March 31, 2024	—	$	—	0.00	$	—

Note 9 – Defined Pension Plans

The Company has a noncontributory defined-benefit pension plan (the “Plan”), which covers eligible employees. Effective December 31, 2016, the Plan was closed to all new participants. Additionally, the Plan’s benefits were frozen for all remaining participants as of February 28, 2021. As such, subsequent to February 28, 2021, there is no service cost associated with the Plan. The following table represents the components of net periodic pension cost:

(In thousands)	Estimated 2024		Actual 2023
Interest cost on projected benefit obligations	$	4,291	$	4,314
Expected return on plan assets	(3,512)		(3,735)
Net amortization	—		154
Net periodic pension cost	$	779	$	733

The Company recorded net periodic pension cost of $195,000 and $100,000 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2024, and March 31, 2023, respectively. The Company made no contributions to the Plan during the three-month period ended March 31, 2024 and is evaluating the amount of contributions, if any, for the remainder of 2024.

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In addition to the above funded defined-benefit pension plan, the Company has an unfunded supplemental executive retirement plan (the "SERP"). There are no current employees earning benefits and therefore, there is no service cost associated with the SERP. The following table represents the components of the net periodic cost for the SERP:

(In thousands)	Estimated 2024		Actual 2023
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation	$	451	$	472
Net periodic pension cost	$	451	$	472

SERP cost recorded to expense was $113,000 and $118,000 for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024, and March 31, 2023, respectively.

Note 10 – Income Taxes

The effective tax rate was 20.6% and 20.7% for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024, and March 31, 2023, respectively. The effective tax rate for all periods differs from the statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the tax-exempt interest received from municipal bonds and bank-owned life insurance, among other factors.

Note 11 – Investment in Securities

Investment securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The Company’s investment securities available-for-sale are measured at fair value using Level 2 valuations. The market evaluation utilizes several sources which include “observable inputs” rather than “significant unobservable inputs” and therefore fall into the Level 2 category. The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value of investment securities are summarized as follows:

	March 31, 2024
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
State and political subdivisions	$	227,068	$	6	$	(17,370)	$	209,704
Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	208,586		—		(32,218)		176,368
Corporate bonds	119,048		27		(9,162)		109,913
Treasury securities	84,922		—		(400)		84,522
Asset backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	42,201		—		(779)		41,422
Total	$	681,825	$	33	$	(59,929)	$	621,929

	December 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
State and political subdivisions	$	235,297	$	4	$	(16,266)	$	219,035
Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	188,307		—		(30,508)		157,799
Corporate bonds	111,109		—		(8,769)		102,340
Treasury securities	109,836		—		(1,115)		108,721
Asset backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	40,368		—		(1,146)		39,222
Total	$	684,917	$	4	$	(57,804)	$	627,117

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The fair values of securities with unrealized losses are as follows:

	March 31, 2024
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
(In thousands)	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
State and political subdivisions	$	26,244	$	164	$	175,899	$	17,206	$	202,143	$	17,370
Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	29,086		92		147,282		32,126		176,368		32,218
Corporate bonds	12,600		401		82,269		8,761		94,869		9,162
Treasury securities	—		—		84,522		400		84,522		400
Asset backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	—		—		41,422		779		41,422		779
Total	$	67,930	$	657	$	531,394	$	59,272	$	599,324	$	59,929

	December 31, 2023
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
(In thousands)	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
State and political subdivisions	$	63,198	$	220	$	152,854	$	16,046	$	216,052	$	16,266
Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	—		—		157,799		30,508		157,799		30,508
Corporate bonds	19,545		455		82,795		8,314		102,340		8,769
Treasury securities	—		—		108,721		1,115		108,721		1,115
Asset backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	—		—		39,222		1,146		39,222		1,146
Total	$	82,743	$	675	$	541,391	$	57,129	$	624,134	$	57,804

There were 267 securities, or 96.0% (228 of which for greater than 12 months), in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2024. The unrealized losses at March 31, 2024 were primarily attributable to changes in market interest rates after the securities were purchased. The Company does not currently intend to sell, and based on current conditions, the Company does not believe it will be required to sell these available-for-sale securities before the recovery of the amortized cost basis, which may be the maturity dates of the securities. Therefore, the unrealized losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss. There were 275 securities, or 98.9% (210 of which for greater than 12 months), in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2023. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had not recorded an allowance for credit losses on securities.

The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities by contractual maturity are shown in the following table. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

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	March 31, 2024
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in 1 year or less	$	199,175	$	197,437
Due after 1 year through 5 years	94,092		92,440
Due after 5 years through 10 years	208,628		183,284
Due after 10 years	179,930		148,768
Total	$	681,825	$	621,929

Proceeds from sales of investment securities classified as available-for-sale were $0 and $61.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. Gross realized losses were $0 and $148,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Gross realized gains were $0 and $187,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. There were no securities pledged to secure public deposits or for other purposes at March 31, 2024.

Note 12 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Following is a summary of the carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments:

	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Balance sheet assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	192,803	$	192,803	$	372,468	$	372,468
Investment securities	621,929		621,929		627,117		627,117
Loans, net	1,023,698		987,496		1,001,229		962,223
Accrued interest receivable	8,965		8,965		8,450		8,450
Total	$	1,847,395	$	1,811,193	$	2,009,264	$	1,970,258
Balance sheet liabilities:
Deposits	$	1,079,092	$	1,079,092	$	1,140,814	$	1,140,814
Accounts and drafts payable	944,793		944,793		1,071,369		1,071,369
Accrued interest payable	387		387		635		635
Total	$	2,024,272	$	2,024,272	$	2,212,818	$	2,212,818

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value:

Cash and Cash Equivalents - The carrying amount approximates fair value.

Investment in Securities - The fair value is measured on a recurring basis using Level 2 valuations. Refer to Note 11, “Investment in Securities,” for fair value and unrealized gains and losses by investment type.

Loans - The fair value is estimated using present values of future cash flows discounted at risk-adjusted interest rates for each loan category designated by management and is therefore a Level 3 valuation. Management believes that the risk factor embedded in the interest rates along with the allowance for credit losses result in a fair valuation.

Accrued Interest Receivable - The carrying amount approximates fair value.

Deposits - The fair value of demand deposits, savings deposits and certain money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities and therefore, is a Level 2 valuation. The fair value estimates above do not include the benefit that results from the low-cost funding provided by the deposit liabilities compared to the cost of borrowing funds in the market or the benefit derived from the customer relationship inherent in existing deposits.

Accounts and Drafts Payable - The carrying amount approximates fair value.

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Accrued Interest Payable - The carrying amount approximates fair value.

Note 13 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Revenue is recognized as the obligation to the customer is satisfied. The following is detail of the Company’s revenue from contracts with clients.

Processing fees – The Company earns fees on a per-item or monthly basis for the invoice processing services rendered on behalf of customers. Per-item fees are recognized at the point in time when the performance obligation is satisfied. Monthly fees are earned over the course of a month, representing the period over which the performance obligation is satisfied. The contracts have no significant impact of variable consideration and no significant financing components.

Financial fees – The Company earns fees on a transaction level basis for invoice payment services when making customer payments. Fees are recognized at the point in time when the payment transactions are made, which is when the performance obligation is satisfied. The contracts have no significant impact of variable consideration and no significant financing components.

Bank service fees – Revenue from service fees consists of service charges and fees on deposit accounts under depository agreements with customers to provide access to deposited funds. Service charges on deposit accounts are transaction-based fees that are recognized at the point in time when the performance obligation is satisfied. The contracts have no significant impact of variable consideration and no significant financing components.

The following table presents non-interest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope for the periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)	2024		2023
Fee revenue and other income
In-scope of FASB ASC 606
Processing fees	$	21,253	$	19,513
Financial fees	10,777		11,259
Information services payment and processing revenue	32,030		30,772
Bank service fees	281		264
Fee revenue (in-scope of FASB ASC 606)	32,311		31,036
Other income (out-of-scope of FASB ASC 606)	986		1,071
Total fee revenue and other income	$	33,297	$	32,107

Note 14 – Leases

The Company leases certain premises under operating leases. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had lease liabilities of $8.2 million and right-of-use assets of $7.8 million. Lease liabilities and right-of-use assets are reflected in other liabilities and other assets, respectively. Presented within occupancy expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2024, operating lease cost was $341,000, short-term lease cost was $81,000, and there was no variable lease cost. At March 31, 2024, the weighted-average remaining lease term for the operating leases was 7.1 years and the weighted-average discount rate used in the measurement of operating lease liabilities was 3.56%. Certain of the Company’s leases contain options to renew the lease; however, these renewal options are not included in the calculation of the lease liabilities as they are not reasonably certain to be exercised. See the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K for information regarding these commitments.

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A maturity analysis of operating lease liabilities and undiscounted cash flows as of March 31, 2024 is as follows:

(In thousands)	March 31, 2024
Lease payments due
Less than 1 year	$	1,325
1-2 years	1,352
2-3 years	1,347
3-4 years	1,364
4-5 years	1,287
Over 5 years	2,588
Total undiscounted cash flows	9,263
Discount on cash flows	1,046
Total lease liability	$	8,217

There were no sale and leaseback transactions, leveraged leases, or lease transactions with related parties during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Note 15 – Subsequent Events

In accordance with FASB ASC 855, Subsequent Events, the Company has evaluated subsequent events after the consolidated balance sheet date of March 31, 2024. There were no events identified that would require additional disclosures to prevent the Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements from being misleading.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

Cass Information Systems, Inc. ("Cass" or the "Company") provides payment and information processing services to large manufacturing, distribution and retail enterprises across the United States. The Company’s services include freight invoice rating, payment processing, auditing, and the generation of accounting and transportation information. Cass also processes and pays facility-related invoices, which include electricity and gas as well as waste and telecommunications expenses, and is a provider of telecom expense management solutions. Cass solutions include integrated payments, a B2B payment platform for clients that require an agile fintech partner. Additionally, the Company offers a church management software solution and an on-line platform to provide generosity services for faith-based and non-profit organizations. The Company’s bank subsidiary, Cass Commercial Bank (the “Bank”), supports the Company’s payment operations. The Bank also provides banking services to its target markets, which include privately held businesses in the St. Louis metropolitan area and restaurant franchises and faith-based ministries within the United States.

In general, Cass is compensated for its information processing services through service fees, transactional level payment services, and investment of account balances generated during the payment process. Both the number of transactions processed and the dollar volume processed are therefore key metrics followed by management. The Bank earns most of its revenue from net interest income.

Various factors will influence the Company’s revenue and profitability, such as changes in the general level of interest rates, which has a significant effect on net interest income; industry-wide factors, such as the willingness of large corporations to outsource key business functions, the general level of transportation costs, deregulation of energy costs, and consolidation of telecommunication providers; and economic factors that include the general level of economic activity, the ability to hire and retain qualified staff, and the growth and quality of the Bank’s loan portfolio. For a more detailed discussion of the Company’s revenue drivers and factors that impact the Company’s results of operation and financial condition generally, see Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K.

Recent Industry Developments

The transportation industry continues to experience a decline in overall freight rates caused by an ongoing freight recession. The freight recession adversely affects the number of freight transactions and dollar amount of invoices processed. Partially as a result, the Company's average accounts and drafts payable has declined $59.3 million, or 5.4%, from the first quarter of 2023 to the first quarter of 2024. Transportation dollar volumes are key to the Company’s revenue as higher volumes generally lead to an increase in payment float, which generates interest income, as well as an increase in payments in advance of funding, which generates financial fees.

Despite the decline in average accounts and drafts payable as well as a decline in average deposits partially stemming from the disruption in the banking industry in the first quarter of 2023, the Company’s liquidity position and balance sheet remains strong. The Company maintained average short-term investments of $352.2 million during the first quarter of 2024. In addition, all of the Company's investment securities are classified as available-for-sale and there were no outstanding borrowings at March 31, 2024.

As a result of rising inflation, the Federal Reserve has increased the Federal Funds rate. The increase in the Federal Funds rate has contributed to a slight increase in the Company's net interest margin, therefore positively impacting net interest income. Inflation has also had the impact of increasing operating expenses, such as compensation expense.

Critical Accounting Policies

The Company has prepared the consolidated financial statements in this report in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates have been generally accurate in the past, have been consistent and have not required any material changes. There can be no assurances that actual results will not differ from those estimates. The accounting policy that requires significant management estimates and is deemed critical to the Company’s results of operations or financial position has been discussed with the Audit and Risk Committee of the Board of Directors and is described below.

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Allowance for Credit Losses. The Company performs periodic and systematic detailed reviews of its loan portfolio to determine management’s estimate of the lifetime expected credit losses. Although these estimates are based on established methodologies for determining allowance requirements, actual results can differ significantly from estimated results. These policies affect both segments of the Company. The impact and associated risks related to these policies on the Company’s business operations are discussed in the “Provision and Allowance for Credit Losses and Allowance for Unfunded Commitments” section of this report.

Results of Operations

The following paragraphs more fully discuss the results of operations and changes in financial condition for the three-month period ended March 31, 2024 (“first quarter of 2024”) compared to the three-month period ended March 31, 2023 (“first quarter of 2023”). The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes and with the statistical information and financial data appearing in this report, as well as in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K. Results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be attained for any other period.

Summary of Results

The following table summarizes the Company’s operating results:

(In thousands except per share data)	First Quarter of
	2024			2023			% Change
Processing fees	$	21,253		$	19,513		8.9	%
Financial fees	10,777			11,259			(4.3)	%
Net interest income	16,476			16,898			(2.5)	%
Provision for (release of) credit loss	95			(340)			(127.9)	%
Other	1,267			1,335			(5.1)	%
Total net revenue	49,678			49,345			0.7	%
Operating expense	40,671			40,372			0.7	%
Income before income tax expense	9,007			8,973			0.4	%
Income tax expense	1,855			1,856			(0.1)	%
Net income	$	7,152		$	7,117		0.5	%
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.52		$	0.51		2.0	%
Return on average assets	1.20		%	1.15		%	—
Return on average equity	12.66		%	13.76		%	—

The Company recorded net revenue of $49.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, up 0.7% from the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily driven by higher processing fees. Operating expense increased 0.7% primarily driven by an increase in full-time equivalent employees. Net income was $7.2 million and diluted EPS was $0.52 per share, increases of 0.5% and 2.0% from the three months ended March 31, 2023, respectively.

The Company posted a 1.20% return on average assets and 12.66% return on average equity.

Fee Revenue and Other Income

The Company’s fee revenue is derived mainly from transportation and facility processing and financial fees. As the Company provides its processing and payment services, it is compensated by service fees which are typically calculated on a per-item basis, discounts received for services provided to carriers and by the accounts and drafts payable balances

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generated in the payment process which can be used to generate interest income. Processing volumes, average payments in advance of funding, and fee revenue were as follows:

(In thousands)	First Quarter of
	2024		2023		% Change
Transportation invoice volume	8,771		9,098		(3.6)	%
Transportation invoice dollar volume	$	8,939,646	$	10,268,451	(12.9)	%
Facility-related transaction volume 1	4,264		3,468		23.0	%
Facility-related dollar volume 1	$	5,329,566	$	5,313,385	0.3	%
Average payments in advance of funding	$	194,338	$	240,890	(19.3)	%
Processing fees	$	21,253	$	19,513	8.9	%
Financial fees	$	10,777	$	11,259	(4.3)	%
Other fees	$	1,267	$	1,335	(5.1)	%

1.Includes energy, telecom and environmental.

Processing fee revenue increased $1.7 million, or 8.9%, primarily attributable to an increase in facility-related invoice volumes of 23.0%. The Company has experienced recent success in adding facility clients with high transaction volumes. Transportation invoice volumes decreased 3.6% over the same period. The decline in transportation volumes is due to the ongoing freight recession.

Financial fee revenue decreased $482,000, or 4.3%, primarily attributable to a decline in transportation dollar volumes of 12.9% in addition to changes in the manner certain vendors receive payments, partially offset by the increase in short-term interest rates in between periods.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income is the difference between interest earned on loans, investments, and other earning assets and interest expense on deposits and other interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest income is a significant source of the Company’s revenues. The following table summarizes the changes in tax-equivalent net interest income and related factors:

(In thousands)	First Quarter of
	2024			2023			% Change
Average earning assets	$	2,063,239		$	2,162,734		(4.6)	%
Average interest-bearing liabilities	631,622			591,102			6.9	%
Net interest income*	16,720			17,219			(2.9)	%
Net interest margin*	3.26		%	3.23		%
Yield on earning assets*	4.27		%	3.84		%
Cost of interest-bearing liabilities	3.30		%	2.20		%

*Presented on a tax-equivalent basis assuming a tax rate of 21% for both 2024 and 2023.

The decrease in net interest income is primarily due to the decrease in average earning assets of $99.5 million, or 4.6%, partially offset by the increase in the Federal Funds rate throughout 2022 and 2023, positively impacting the net interest margin which increased to 3.26%, as compared to 3.23% in the prior year. The yield on interest-earning assets increased 43 basis points from 3.84% to 4.27% while the cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased 110 basis points from 2.20% to 3.30%.

Average loans decreased $60.0 million, or 5.6%, to $1.02 billion. The decrease in average loans was primarily due to the Company opting to be more selective in booking new loans as a result of a decline in average deposits during the first half of 2023. The average yield on loans increased 45 basis points to 5.06%, primarily due to the increase in short-term interest rates.

Average investment securities decreased $96.5 million, or 12.2%, to $694.8 million due to the maturity of investment securities throughout 2023 and the first three months of 2024. The average yield on taxable investment securities increased

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18 basis points to 2.72% as a result of the increase in short and long-term interest rates. The average yield on tax-exempt investment securities declined 13 basis points to 2.69% driven by maturities of higher rate securities.

Average short-term investments, consisting of interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions and federal funds sold, increased $57.0 million, or 19.3%, to $352.2 million. The increase is primarily a result of maturities of investment securities and the decline in average loans, partially offset by a decrease in average funding sources. The average yield on short-term investments increased 79 basis points to 5.07%, primarily due to the increase in short-term interest rates that began in March 2022. The majority of these short-term investments are held at the Federal Reserve Bank.

The average balance of interest-bearing deposits increased $40.5 million, or 6.9%, to $631.6 million. Average non-interest-bearing demand deposits decreased $105.7 million, or 19.1%, to $447.9 million. The Company experienced deposit attrition during the first half of 2023 as larger commercial depository clients moved their funds to higher interest rate alternatives outside the Company. The Company also incurred a shift from non-interest bearing to interest-bearing deposits from current customers. However, the Company has experienced recent growth in its average deposit balances as a result of higher deposit rates and increased depositor confidence across the banking industry. The average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits increased 112 basis points to 3.30% due to the increase in short-term interest rates.

Average accounts and drafts payable decreased $59.3 million, or 5.4%, to $1.04 billion. The decrease in average accounts and drafts payable was primarily driven by the decrease in transportation dollar volumes of 12.9%. In addition, a cyber attack at a CassPay client during the first quarter of 2024 reduced payment volumes and related average accounts and drafts payable to that client.

Distribution of Assets, Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity; Interest Rate and Interest Differential

The following tables show the condensed average balance sheets for each of the periods reported, the tax-equivalent interest income and expense for each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and the average yield on such categories of interest-earning assets and the average rates paid on such categories of interest-bearing liabilities for each of the periods reported.

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(In thousands)	First Quarter of 2024						First Quarter of 2023
	Average  Balance		Interest  Income/  Expense		Yield/  Rate		Average  Balance		Interest  Income/  Expense		Yield/  Rate
Assets1
Interest-earning assets
Loans2:	$	1,016,246	$	12,776	5.06	%	$	1,076,221	$	12,235	4.61	%
Investment securities3:
Taxable	521,144		3,519		2.72	%	571,673		3,586		2.54	%
Tax-exempt4	173,685		1,162		2.69	%	219,690		1,529		2.82	%
Short-term investments	352,163		4,441		5.07	%	295,150		3,113		4.28	%
Total interest-earning assets	2,063,238		21,898		4.27	%	2,162,734		20,463		3.84	%
Non-interest-earning assets
Cash and due from banks	23,226						22,044
Premises and equipment, net	31,531						20,433
Bank-owned life insurance	49,284						48,111
Goodwill and other intangibles	20,574						21,355
Payments in advance of funding	194,338						240,890
Unrealized loss on investment securities	(59,407)						(66,525)
Other assets	71,889						63,834
Allowance for credit losses	(13,091)						(13,535)
Total assets	$	2,381,582					$	2,499,341
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity1
Interest-bearing liabilities
Interest-bearing demand deposits	$	548,071	$	4,404	3.23	%	$	523,410	$	2,824	2.19	%
Savings deposits	7,445		32		1.73	%	7,102		22		1.26	%
Time deposits >= $100	27,627		257		3.74	%	23,803		110		1.87	%
Other time deposits	48,479		485		4.02	%	36,787		215		2.37	%
Total interest-bearing deposits	631,622		5,178		3.30	%	591,102		3,171		2.18	%
Short-term borrowings	11		—		—	%	5,833		73		5.08	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	631,633		5,178		3.30	%	596,935		3,244		2.20	%
Non-interest bearing liabilities
Demand deposits	447,900						553,644
Accounts and drafts payable	1,035,833						1,095,182
Other liabilities	39,547						43,789
Total liabilities	2,154,913						2,289,550
Shareholders’ equity	226,669						209,791
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,381,582					$	2,499,341
Net interest income			$	16,720					$	17,219
Net interest margin					3.26	%					3.23	%
Interest spread					0.97	%					1.64	%

1.Balances shown are daily averages.

2.Interest income on loans includes net loan fees of $83,000 and $220,000 for the first quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively.

3.For purposes of these computations, yields on investment securities are computed as interest income divided by the average amortized cost of the investments.

4.Interest income is presented on a tax-equivalent basis assuming a tax rate of 21% for both 2024 and 2023. The tax-equivalent adjustment was approximately $244,000 and $321,000 for the first quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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Analysis of Net Interest Income Changes

The following tables present the changes in interest income and expense between periods due to changes in volume and interest rates. That portion of the change in interest attributable to the combined rate/volume variance has been allocated to rate and volume changes in proportion to the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each.

(In thousands)	First Quarter of 2024 Compared to First Quarter of 2023
	Volume		Rate		Total
Increase (decrease) in interest income:
Loans1:	$	(677)	$	1,218	$	541
Investment securities:
Taxable	(316)		249		(67)
Tax-exempt2	(300)		(67)		(367)
Short-term investments	677		651		1,328
Total interest income	(616)		2,051		1,435
Increase (decrease) in interest expense:
Interest-bearing demand deposits	142		1,438		1,580
Savings deposits	1		9		10
Time deposits >=$100	20		127		147
Other time deposits	85		185		270
Short-term borrowings	(36)		(37)		(73)
Total interest expense	212		1,722		1,934
Net interest income	$	(828)	$	329	$	(499)

1.Interest income includes net loan fees.

2.Interest income is presented on a tax-equivalent basis assuming a tax rate of 21% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Provision and Allowance for Credit Losses and Allowance for Unfunded Commitments

The Company recorded a provision for credit losses and off-balance sheet credit exposures of $95,000 for the first quarter of 2024 and release of credit losses of $340,000 in first quarter of 2023. The amount of the provision for (release of) credit losses is derived from the Company’s quarterly Current Expected Credit Loss (“CECL”) model. The amount of the provision for (release of) credit losses will fluctuate as determined by these quarterly analyses. The provision for credit losses in the first quarter of 2024 was driven by an increase in total loans of $22.7 million, or 2.2%, as compared to December 31, 2023.

The Company experienced no loan charge-offs in the first quarter of 2024 and 2023. The ACL was $13.3 million at March 31, 2024 and $13.1 million at December 31, 2023. The ACL represented 1.28% of outstanding loans at March 31, 2024 and 1.29% of outstanding loans at December 31, 2023. The allowance for unfunded commitments was $17,000 at March 31, 2024 and $132,000 at December 31, 2023. There were no nonperforming loans outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The ACL has been established and is maintained to estimate the lifetime expected credit losses in the loan portfolio. An ongoing assessment is performed to determine if the balance is adequate. Charges or credits are made to expense based on changes in the economic forecast, qualitative risk factors, loan volume, and individual loans. For loans that are individually evaluated, the Company uses two impairment measurement methods: 1) the present value of expected future cash flows and 2) collateral value.

The Company also utilizes ratio analyses to evaluate the overall reasonableness of the ACL compared to its peers and required levels of regulatory capital. Federal and state regulatory agencies review the Company’s methodology for maintaining the ACL. These agencies may require the Company to adjust the ACL based on their judgments and interpretations about information available to them at the time of their examinations.

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Summary of Credit Loss Experience

The following table presents information on the Company's provision for (release of) credit losses and analysis of the ACL:

	First Quarter of
(In thousands)	2024			2023
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	13,089		$	13,539
Provision for (release of) credit losses	210			(285)
Net recoveries	—			—
Allowance for credit losses at end of period	$	13,299		$	13,254
Allowance for unfunded commitments at beginning of period	$	132		$	232
Provision for (release of) credit losses	(115)			(55)
Allowance for unfunded commitments at end of period	$	17		$	177
Loans outstanding:
Average	$	1,016,246		$	1,076,221
March 31	$	1,036,997		$	1,070,373
Ratio of allowance for credit losses to loans outstanding at March 31	1.28		%	1.24		%

Operating Expenses

Total operating expenses for the first quarter of 2024 increased $299,000, or 0.7%, compared to the first quarter of 2023. The following table details the components of operating expenses:

(In thousands)	First Quarter of
	2024		2023
Salaries and commissions	$	23,976	$	22,605
Share-based compensation	1,226		1,950
Net periodic pension cost (benefit)	195		100
Other benefits	5,210		5,371
Personnel	$	30,607	$	30,026
Occupancy	861		855
Equipment	1,881		2,082
Amortization of intangible assets	191		195
Other operating	7,131		7,214
Total operating expense	$	40,671	$	40,372

Personnel expenses increased $581,000, or 1.9%. Salaries and commissions increased $1.4 million, or 6.1%, as a result of merit increases and an increase in average full-time equivalent employees of 5.2% due to strategic investments in various technology initiatives. Share-based compensation decreased $724,000, reflecting the Company's financial performance and the impact on performance-based restricted stock between the periods.

Non-Personnel expenses decreased $282,000, or 1.9%. Certain expense categories related to technology initiatives declined as the Company transitioned to new technology platforms for data entry.

Financial Condition

Total assets at March 31, 2024 were $2.29 billion, a decrease of $185.0 million, or 7.5%, from December 31, 2023.

The Company experienced a decrease in cash and cash equivalents of $179.7 million, or 48.2%, during the first three months of 2024. The change in cash and cash equivalents reflects the Company’s daily liquidity position and is primarily

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affected by changes in funding sources, mainly accounts and drafts payable and deposits, cash flows in and out of loans, investments securities and payments in advance of funding.

The investment securities portfolio decreased $5.2 million, or 0.8%, during the first three months of 2024. The decrease is due to maturities of $39.6 million and an increase in unrealized losses of $1.7 million driven by the increase in long-term interest rates, partially offset by purchases of $37.5 million.

Loans increased $22.7 million, or 2.2%, from December 31, 2023. The Company experienced growth in its commercial and industrial loan portfolio during the first quarter of 2024.

Payments in advance of funding increased $22.7 million, or 11.4%. The Company has experienced a recent increase in these balances dues to sales activities and other external factors.

Accounts and drafts receivable from customers decreased $77.8 million, or 70.3%, from December 31, 2023. The decrease is solely due to timing of customer funding.

Total deposits at March 31, 2024 were $1.08 billion, a decrease of $61.7 million, or 5.4%, from December 31, 2023. The decrease is primarily due to timing as well as client tax payments occurring towards the end of the first quarter.

Accounts and drafts payable at March 31, 2024 were $944.8 million, a decrease of $126.6 million, or 11.8%, from December 31, 2023. Accounts and drafts payable are a stable source of funding generated by payment float from transportation and facility clients. Accounts and drafts payable will fluctuate from period-end to period-end due to the payment processing cycle, which results in lower balances on days when payments clear and higher balances on days when payments are issued. For this reason, average balances are generally a more meaningful measure of accounts and drafts payable.

Total liabilities at March 31, 2024 were $2.06 billion, a decrease of $184.7 million, or 8.2%, from December 31, 2023, reflective of the decrease in deposits and accounts and drafts payable.

Total shareholders’ equity at March 31, 2024 was $229.5 million, a $322,000 decrease from December 31, 2023. The decrease in shareholders’ equity is a result of dividends paid of $4.1 million, the repurchase of Company stock of $1.1 million, and an increase in accumulated other comprehensive loss of $1.7 million primarily related to the fair value of available-for-sale investment securities, partially offset by first quarter of 2024 earnings of $7.2 million.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The discipline of liquidity management as practiced by the Company seeks to ensure that funds are available to fulfill all payment obligations relating to invoices processed as they become due and meet depositor withdrawal requests and borrower credit demands while at the same time maximizing profitability. This is accomplished by balancing changes in demand for funds with changes in supply of funds. Primary liquidity to meet demand is provided by short-term liquid assets that can be converted to cash, maturing securities and the ability to obtain funds from external sources. The Company's Asset/Liability Committee has direct oversight responsibility for the Company's liquidity position and profile. Management considers both on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet items in its evaluation of liquidity.

The balance of liquid assets consists of cash and cash equivalents, which include cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions, federal funds sold and money market funds. Cash and cash equivalents totaled $192.8 million at March 31, 2024, a decrease of $179.7 million, or 48.2%, from December 31, 2023. At March 31, 2024, these assets represented 8.4% of total assets and are the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ primary source of liquidity to meet future expected and unexpected loan demand, depositor withdrawals or reductions in accounts and drafts payable.

Secondary sources of liquidity include the investment portfolio and borrowing lines. Total investment securities were $621.9 million at March 31, 2024, a decrease of $5.2 million from December 31, 2023. These assets represented 27.1% of total assets at March 31, 2024. Of the total portfolio, 19.3% mature in one year, 20.6% mature in one to five years, and 60.1% mature in five or more years.

The Bank has unsecured lines of credit at six correspondent banks to purchase federal funds up to a maximum of $83.0 million in aggregate. As of March 31, 2024, the Bank also has secured lines of credit with the Federal Home Loan Bank of $238.5 million collateralized by mortgage loans. The Company also has secured lines of credit from three banks up to a maximum of $250.0 million in aggregate collateralized by investment securities. There were no amounts outstanding under any line of credit as of March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

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The deposits of the Company's banking subsidiary have historically been stable, consisting of a sizable volume of core deposits related to customers that utilize other commercial products of the Bank, including CassPay and faith-based customers. The accounts and drafts payable generated by the Company has also historically been a stable source of funds. The Company is part of the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (“CDARS”) and Insured Cash Sweep (“ICS”) deposit placement programs. Time deposits include $47.5 million of CDARS deposits and interest-bearing demand deposits include $164.6 million of ICS deposits. These programs offer the Bank’s customers the ability to maximize Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance coverage. The Company uses these programs to retain or attract deposits from existing customers.

Net cash flows provided by operating activities were $9.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $9.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, an increase of $534,000. Net cash flows from investing and financing activities fluctuate greatly as the Company actively manages its investment and loan portfolios and customer activity influences changes in deposit and accounts and drafts payable balances. Other causes for the changes in these account balances are discussed earlier in this report. Due to the daily fluctuations in these account balances, the analysis of changes in average balances, also discussed earlier in this report, can be more indicative of underlying activity than the period-end balances used in the statements of cash flows. Management anticipates that cash and cash equivalents, maturing investments and cash from operations will continue to be sufficient to fund the Company’s operations and capital expenditures in 2024, which are estimated to range from $10 million to $12 million.

Net income plus amortization of intangible assets, net amortization of premium/discount on investment securities and depreciation of premises and equipment was $9.5 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The first quarter of 2024 reflected higher net income of $35,000 and higher depreciation of $196,000, which was partially offset by a decrease in net amortization of premium/discount on investment securities of $182,000. The net amortization of premium/discount on investment securities is dependent on the type of securities purchased and changes in the prevailing market interest rate environment.

Other factors impacting the $534,000 increase in net cash provided by operating activities include:

•An increase in other operating activities, net of $269,000, primarily due to changes in various other assets and liabilities;

•A smaller increase in accounts receivable of $277,000; and

•A change in the provision for (release of) credit losses of $435,000 primarily due to changes in loans outstanding during the respective periods.

These factors were partially offset by a decrease in the stock compensation expense of $724,000.

The Company faces market risk to the extent that its net interest income and fair market value of equity are affected by changes in market interest rates. For information regarding the market risk of the Company’s financial instruments, see Item 3, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.”

There are several trends and uncertainties that may impact the Company’s ability to generate revenues and income at the levels that it has in the past. Those that could significantly impact the Company include the general levels of interest rates, business activity, inflation, and energy costs as well as new business opportunities available to the Company. For more detailed information on these trends and uncertainties and how they can generally affect the Company’s available liquidity, see Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity” in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K.

As a bank holding company, the Company and the Bank are subject to capital requirements administered by state and federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines, and, for banks, prompt correct action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are subject to qualitative judgments by regulators about components, risk weighting, and other factors. In addition, the calculation of all types of regulatory capital is subject to deductions and adjustments specified in the regulations. For example, as allowed under the Basel III Capital Rules, the Company has elected to opt-out of the requirement to include most components of accumulated other comprehensive income in common equity Tier 1 capital. For more information on these regulatory requirements, including the Basel III Capital Rules and capital classifications, see Item 1, "Business-Supervision and Regulation" and Item 8, Note 2, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of the Company's 2023 Form 10-K.

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The Company and the Bank continue to exceed all regulatory capital requirements, as evidenced by the following capital amounts and ratios:

	Actual				Capital Requirements				Requirement to be Well-Capitalized
(In thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount	Ratio
At March 31, 2024
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Cass Information Systems, Inc.	$	271,145	15.60	%	$	139,011	8.00	%	$        N/A	N/A %
Cass Commercial Bank	205,707		18.68		88,109		8.00		110,137	10.00
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Cass Information Systems, Inc.	257,826		14.84		78,194		4.50		N/A	N/A
Cass Commercial Bank	193,197		17.54		49,562		4.50		71,589	6.50
Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Cass Information Systems, Inc.	257,826		14.84		104,258		6.00		N/A	N/A
Cass Commercial Bank	193,197		17.54		66,082		6.00		88,109	8.00
Tier I capital (to average assets)
Cass Information Systems, Inc.	257,826		10.92		94,445		4.00		N/A	N/A
Cass Commercial Bank	193,197		12.83		60,240		4.00		75,300	5.00
At December 31, 2023
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Cass Information Systems, Inc.	$	269,580	15.49	%	$	139,266	8.00	%	$        N/A	N/A %
Cass Commercial Bank	204,584		19.04		85,964		8.00		107,455	10.00
Common Equity Tier I Capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Cass Information Systems, Inc.	256,359		14.73		78,337		4.50		N/A	N/A
Cass Commercial Bank	192,104		17.88		48,355		4.50		69,846	6.50
Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Cass Information Systems, Inc.	256,359		14.73		104,449		6.00		N/A	N/A
Cass Commercial Bank	192,104		17.88		64,473		6.00		85,964	8.00
Tier I capital (to average assets)
Cass Information Systems, Inc.	256,359		10.71		95,760		4.00		N/A	N/A
Cass Commercial Bank	192,104		12.49		61,526		4.00		76,908	5.00

Impact of New and Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2023, the FASB issued 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements - Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative ("ASU 2023-06"). This ASU amends the ASC to incorporate certain disclosure requirements from SEC Release No. 33-10532 - Disclosure Update and Simplification that was issued in 2018.

The effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC's removal of that related disclosure from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective, with early adoption prohibited. ASU 2023-06 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company's financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 820): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures ("ASU 2023-07"). This ASU expands segment disclosure requirements for public entities to require disclosure of significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis and to provide in interim periods all disclosures about a reportable segment's profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after

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December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2023-07 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company's financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures ("ASU 2023-09"). This ASU requires public business entities to disclose in their rate reconciliation table additional categories of information about federal, state, and foreign income taxes and to provide more details about the reconciling items in some categories if items meet a quantitative threshold. It also requires all entities to disclose income taxes paid, net of refunds, disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes for annual periods and to disaggregate the information by jurisdiction based on a quantitative threshold, among other things. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, though early adoption is permitted. ASU 2023-09 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company's financial statements.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As described in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company manages its interest rate risk through measurement techniques that include gap analysis and a simulation model. As part of the risk management process, asset/liability management policies are established and monitored by management.

The following table summarizes simulated changes in net interest income versus unchanged rates over the next 12 months as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

	% change in projected net interest income
		March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
+200 basis points		11.5	%	14.7	%
+100 basis points		6.7	%	6.5	%
Flat rates		—	%	—	%
-100 basis points		(0.9)	%	(3.2)	%
-200 basis points		(1.4)	%	(6.0)	%

The Company is generally asset sensitive as average interest-earning assets of $2.06 billion for the first quarter of 2024 greatly exceeded average interest-bearing liabilities of $631.6 million. The table above on the projected impact of interest rate shocks results from a static balance sheet at March 31, 2024.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

The Company’s management, under the supervision and with the participation of the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this report and concluded that, as of such date, these controls and procedures were effective.

There were no changes in the first quarter of 2024 in the Company's internal control over financial reporting identified by the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer in connection with their evaluation that materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended).

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company is the subject of various pending or threatened legal actions and proceedings, including those that arise in the ordinary course of business. Management believes the outcome of all such proceedings will not have a material effect on the businesses or financial conditions of the Company or its subsidiaries.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The Company has included in Part I, Item 1A of its 2023 Form 10-K, a description of certain risks and uncertainties that could affect the Company’s business, future performance or financial condition (the “Risk Factors”). There are no material changes to the Risk Factors as disclosed in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company repurchased shares of its common stock as follows:

Period	Total  Number of  Shares  Purchased(1)	Average Price  Paid per Share		Total Number  of Shares  Purchased as  Part of  Publicly  Announced  Plans or  Programs(2)	Maximum  Number of  Shares that  May Yet Be  Purchased  Under the  Plans or  Programs
January 1, 2024–January 31, 2024	43,942	$	44.01	—	486,036
February 1, 2024–February 29, 2024	18,765	44.94		18,765	467,271
March 1, 2024–March 31, 2024	4,506	46.79		4,506	462,765
Total	67,213	$	44.46	23,271	462,765

(1)During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, there were 23,271 shares repurchased pursuant to the Company's publicly announced treasury stock buyback program and 43,942 shares transferred from employees in satisfaction of tax withholding obligations upon the vesting of restricted stock.

(2)The Board of Directors authorized the treasury stock buyback program on October 17, 2023, announced by the Company on October 19, 2023. The program provides that the Company may repurchase up to an aggregate of 500,000 shares of common stock and has no expiration date.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

(a)None.

(b)There have been no material changes to the procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to the Company’s Board of Directors implemented in the first quarter of 2024.

(c)During the three months ended March 31, 2024, none of the Company's officers or directors adopted or terminated any "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as such terms are defined under Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit 31.1 Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Exhibit 31.2 Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Exhibit 32.1 Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Exhibit 32.2 Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Exhibit 101.INS XBRL Instance Document. The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

Exhibit 101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

Exhibit 101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

Exhibit 101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

Exhibit 101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

Exhibit 101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

Exhibit 104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

*Management contract or compensatory plan arrangement.

-33-

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	CASS INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC.
DATE: May 3, 2024	By	/s/ Martin H. Resch
		Martin H. Resch
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)
DATE: May 3, 2024	By	/s/ Michael J. Normile
		Michael J. Normile
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

-34-

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Martin H. Resch, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Cass Information Systems, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 3, 2024
	/s/ Martin H. Resch
	Martin H. Resch
	President and Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)

-37-

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Michael J. Normile, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Cass Information Systems, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 3, 2024
	/s/ Michael J. Normile
	Michael J. Normile
	Executive Vice President and Chief
	Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

-38-

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Cass Information Systems, Inc. (“the Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Martin H. Resch, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Martin H. Resch

Martin H. Resch

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

May 3, 2024

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Cass Information Systems, Inc. and will be retained by Cass Information Systems, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

-39-

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Cass Information Systems, Inc. (“the Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Michael J. Normile, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Michael J. Normile

Michael J. Normile

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

May 3, 2024

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Cass Information Systems, Inc. and will be retained by Cass Information Systems, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

-40-

XML

Cover Page - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Apr. 26, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	000-20827
Entity Registrant Name	CASS INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	MO
Entity Tax Identification Number	43-1265338
Entity Address, Address Line One	12444 Powerscourt Drive
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 550
Entity Address, City or Town	St. Louis
Entity Address, State or Province	MO
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	63131
City Area Code	314
Local Phone Number	506-5500
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, par value $.50
Trading Symbol	CASS
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		13,643,658
Entity Central Index Key	0000708781
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$ 17,323	$ 20,908
Short-term investments	175,480	351,560
Cash and cash equivalents	192,803	372,468
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value	621,929	627,117
Loans	1,036,997	1,014,318
Less: Allowance for credit losses	13,299	13,089
Loans, net	1,023,698	1,001,229
Payments in advance of funding	221,552	198,861
Premises and equipment, net	32,613	30,093
Investment in bank-owned life insurance	49,496	49,159
Goodwill	17,309	17,309
Other intangible assets, net	3,154	3,345
Receivables from Customers	32,856	110,651
Other assets	98,169	68,390
Total assets	2,293,579	2,478,622
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	412,879	524,359
Interest-bearing	666,213	616,455
Total deposits	1,079,092	1,140,814
Accounts and drafts payable	944,793	1,071,369
Other liabilities	40,207	36,630
Total liabilities	2,064,092	2,248,813
Shareholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock, par value $.50 per share; 2,000,000 shares authorized and no shares issued	0	0
Common Stock, Value, Outstanding	7,753	7,753
Additional paid-in capital	204,361	208,007
Retained earnings	148,845	145,782
Common shares in treasury, at cost (1,877,924 shares at March 31, 2024 and 1,923,397 shares at December 31, 2023)	82,316	84,264
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(49,156)	(47,469)
Total shareholders’ equity	229,487	229,809
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$ 2,293,579	$ 2,478,622

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par or stated value per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.50	$ 0.50
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,000,000	2,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par or stated value per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.50	$ 0.50
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	40,000,000	40,000,000
Common stock, shares, issued (in shares)	15,505,772	15,505,772
Common stock, shares, outstanding (in shares)	13,627,848	13,582,375
Treasury stock shares (in shares)	1,877,924	1,923,397

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Fee Revenue and Other Income:
Fee revenues	$ 32,311	$ 31,036
Other	1,267	1,335
Total fee revenue and other income	33,297	32,107
Interest Income:
Interest and fees on loans	12,776	12,235
Interest and dividends on securities:
Taxable	3,519	3,586
Exempt from federal income taxes	918	1,208
Interest on federal funds sold and other short-term investments	4,441	3,113
Total interest income	21,654	20,142
Interest Expense:
Interest on deposits	5,178	3,171
Interest on short-term borrowings	0	73
Total interest expense	5,178	3,244
Net interest income	16,476	16,898
Provision for (release of) credit losses	95	(340)
Net interest income after provision for (release of) credit losses	16,381	17,238
Total net revenue	49,678	49,345
Operating Expense:
Personnel	30,607	30,026
Occupancy	861	855
Equipment	1,881	2,082
Amortization of intangible assets	191	195
Other operating expense	7,131	7,214
Total operating expense	40,671	40,372
Income before income tax expense	9,007	8,973
Income tax expense	1,855	1,856
Net income	$ 7,152	$ 7,117
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.53	$ 0.52
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.52	$ 0.51
Processing fees
Fee Revenue and Other Income:
Fee revenues	$ 21,253	$ 19,513
Financial fees
Fee Revenue and Other Income:
Fee revenues	$ 10,777	$ 11,259

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Comprehensive Income
Net income	$ 7,152	$ 7,117
Other comprehensive income:
Net unrealized (loss) gain on securities available-for-sale	(2,096)	9,181
Tax effect	499	(2,185)
Reclassification adjustments for gains included in net income	0	(39)
Tax effect	0	9
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(90)	85
Total comprehensive income	$ 5,465	$ 14,168

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net income	$ 7,152	$ 7,117
Amortization of intangible assets	191	195
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Accretion (Amortization) of Discounts and Premiums, Investments	1,037	(1,219)
Depreciation	1,141	945
Gains on sales of securities	0	(39)
Stock-based compensation expense	1,226	1,950
Provision for (release of) credit losses	95	(340)
Increase in current income tax liability	1,786	1,704
Increase in pension liability	212	101
Increase in accounts receivable	(1,601)	(1,878)
Other operating activities, net	(1,412)	(1,681)
Net cash provided by operating activities	9,827	9,293
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Proceeds from sales of securities available-for-sale	0	61,418
Proceeds from maturities of securities available-for-sale	14,559	13,164
Purchase of securities available-for-sale	(37,504)	(15,190)
Net (increase) decrease in loans	(22,679)	12,533
(Increase) decrease in payments in advance of funding	(22,691)	33,956
Purchases of premises and equipment, net	(3,661)	(1,954)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(71,976)	103,927
Net decrease in noninterest-bearing demand deposits	(111,480)	(57,434)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Net (Increase) Decrease In Accounts and Drafts Receivable From Customers	77,795	58,491
Net decrease in noninterest-bearing demand deposits	(111,480)	(57,434)
Net increase (decrease) in interest-bearing demand and savings deposits	51,116	(106,201)
Net (decrease) increase in time deposits	(1,358)	22,568
Net decrease in accounts and drafts receivable from customers	(126,576)	(16,165)
Cash dividends paid	(4,089)	(3,977)
Purchase of common shares for treasury	(1,054)	0
Other financing activities, net	(1,870)	(966)
Net cash used in financing activities	(117,516)	(103,684)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(179,665)	9,536
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	372,468	200,942
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	192,803	210,478
Supplemental information:
Cash paid for interest	5,425	3,135
Cash paid for income taxes	$ 61	$ 139

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Retained Earnings	Treasury Stock	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 206,325	$ 7,753	$ 207,422	$ 131,682	$ (81,211)	$ (59,321)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	7,117			7,117
Cash dividends	(3,977)			(3,977)
Issuance of common shares pursuant to stock-based compensation plan, net	(850)		(2,520)		1,670
Exercise of SARs	(116)		(238)		122
Stock-based compensation expense	1,950		1,950
Purchase of common shares	0				0
Other comprehensive income (loss)	7,051					7,051
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	217,500	7,753	206,614	134,822	(79,419)	(52,270)
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	229,809	7,753	208,007	145,782	(84,264)	(47,469)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	7,152			7,152
Cash dividends	(4,089)			(4,089)
Issuance of common shares pursuant to stock-based compensation plan, net	(1,870)		(4,904)		3,034
Exercise of SARs	0		0		0
Stock-based compensation expense	1,226		1,258
Purchase of common shares	(1,054)				(1,054)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,687)					(1,687)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 229,487	$ 7,753	$ 204,361	$ 148,845	(82,316)	$ (49,156)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Restricted Stock Award, Forfeitures					$ (32)

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Cash dividends (in dollars per share)	$ 0.30	$ 0.29
Issuance of common shares pursuant to stock-based compensation plan, net (in shares)	105,686	61,534
Purchase of common shares (in shares)	23,271	0

XML

Basis of Presentation	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Certain amounts in prior-period financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation. Such reclassifications have no effect on previously reported net income or shareholders’ equity. For further information, refer to the audited consolidated financial statements and related footnotes included in Cass Information System, Inc.’s (the “Company” or “Cass”) Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 ("2023 Form 10-K").

XML

Intangible Assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets

The Company accounts for intangible assets in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, which requires that intangibles with indefinite useful lives be tested annually for impairment, or when management deems there is a triggering event, and those with finite useful lives be amortized over their useful lives.

Details of the Company’s intangible assets are as follows:

	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Assets eligible for amortization:
Customer lists	$	6,470	$	(4,919)	$	6,470	$	(4,851)
Patents	72		(37)		72		(36)
Software	3,212		(2,040)		3,212		(1,933)
Trade name	373		(77)		373		(70)
Other	500		(400)		500		(392)
Unamortized intangible assets:
Goodwill	17,309		—		17,309		—
Total intangible assets	$	27,936	$	(7,473)	$	27,936	$	(7,282)

The customer lists are amortized over 7 to 10 years; the patents over 18 years; software over 3 to 7 years; the trade names over 10 to 20 years; and other intangible assets over 15 years. Amortization of intangible assets amounted to $191,000 and $195,000 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Estimated annual amortization of intangibles is $738,000 in 2024, $730,000 in 2025, $582,000 in 2026, $262,000 in 2027, and $254,000 in 2028.

XML

Earnings Per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the sum of the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and the weighted-average number of potential common shares outstanding. Under the treasury stock method, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) are dilutive when the average market price of the Company’s common stock, combined with the effect of any unamortized compensation expense, exceeds the SAR price during a period.

The calculations of basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows:

(In thousands except share and per share data)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Basic
Net income	$	7,152	$	7,117
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	13,530,228		13,599,472
Basic earnings per share	$	0.53	$	0.52
Diluted
Net income	$	7,152	$	7,117
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	13,530,228		13,599,472
Effect of dilutive restricted stock and stock appreciation rights	255,049		263,926
Weighted-average common shares outstanding assuming dilution	13,785,277		13,863,398
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.52	$	0.51

XML

Stock Repurchases	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Equity [Abstract]
Stock Repurchases	Stock Repurchases The Company maintains a treasury stock buyback program pursuant to which, in October 2023, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock with no expiration date. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had 462,765 shares remaining available for repurchase under the program. The Company repurchased 23,271 and 0 shares during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Repurchases may be made in the open market or through negotiated transactions from time to time depending on market conditions.

XML

Industry Segment Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Industry Segment Information

Industry Segment Information

The services provided by the Company are classified into two reportable segments: Information Services and Banking Services. Each of these segments provides distinct services that are marketed through different channels. They are managed separately due to their unique service and processing requirements.

The Information Services segment provides transportation, energy, telecommunication, and environmental invoice processing and payment services to large corporations. In addition, this segment provides church management software and on-line generosity services primarily for faith-based ministries. The Banking Services segment provides banking services primarily to privately held businesses, franchise restaurants, and faith-based ministries, as well as supporting the banking needs of the Information Services segment.

The Company’s accounting policies for segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K. Management evaluates segment performance based on pre-tax income after allocations for corporate expenses. Transactions between segments are accounted for at what management believes to be fair value.

Substantially all revenue originates from, and all long-lived assets are located within, the United States and no revenue from any customer of any segment exceeds 10% of the Company’s consolidated revenue.

Funding sources represent average balances and deposits generated by Information Services and Banking Services and there is no allocation methodology used. Banking Services interest income is determined by actual interest income on loans minus actual interest expense paid on deposits plus/minus an allocation for interest income or expense dependent on the remaining available liquidity of the segment. Information Services interest income is determined by multiplying available liquidity by actual yields on short-term investments and investment securities.

Any difference between total segment interest income and overall total Company interest income is included in Corporate, Eliminations, and Other.

Summarized information about the Company’s operations in each industry segment is as follows:

(In thousands)	Information Services		Banking Services		Corporate, Eliminations and Other		Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024:
Fee income	$	32,321	$	640	$	336	$	33,297
Interest income	10,191		13,884		(2,421)		21,654
Interest expense	598		7,890		(3,310)		5,178
Intersegment income (expense)	(1,038)		1,038		—		—
Pre-tax income	5,964		1,818		1,225		9,007
Goodwill	17,173		136		—		17,309
Other intangible assets, net	3,154		—		—		3,154
Total assets	1,386,858		1,122,954		(216,233)		2,293,579
Average funding sources	$	1,315,614	$	799,740	$	—	$	2,115,354
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023:
Fee income	$	31,077	$	711	$	319	$	32,107
Interest income	9,447		13,177		(2,482)		20,142
Interest expense	98		5,433		(2,287)		3,244
Intersegment income (expense)	(914)		914		—		—
Pre-tax income	4,991		3,859		123		8,973
Goodwill	17,173		136		—		17,309
Other intangible assets, net	3,931		—		—		3,931
Total assets	1,526,001		1,167,979		(266,591)		2,427,389
Average funding sources	$	1,357,035	$	882,892	$	—	$	2,239,927

XML

Loans by Type

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Receivables [Abstract]

Loans by Type

Loans by Type

A summary of loans is as follows:

(In thousands)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Commercial and industrial	$	526,486	$	498,502
Real estate:
Commercial:
Mortgage	114,200		118,371
Construction	8,812		8,233
Faith-based:
Mortgage	378,158		381,368
Construction	9,336		7,790
Other	5		54
Total loans	$	1,036,997	$	1,014,318

The following table presents the aging of loans past due by category at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

	Performing						Nonperforming
(In thousands)	Current		30-59 Days		60-89 Days		90 Days and Over		Non- accrual		Total Loans
March 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial	$	526,486	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	526,486
Real estate
Commercial:
Mortgage	114,200		—		—		—		—		114,200
Construction	8,812		—		—		—		—		8,812
Faith-based:
Mortgage	378,158		—		—		—		—		378,158
Construction	9,336		—		—		—		—		9,336
Other	5		—		—		—		—		5
Total	$	1,036,997	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,036,997
December 31, 2023
Commercial and industrial	$	498,502	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	498,502
Real estate
Commercial:
Mortgage	118,371		—		—		—		—		118,371
Construction	8,233		—		—		—		—		8,233
Faith-based:
Mortgage	381,368		—		—		—		—		381,368
Construction	7,790		—		—		—		—		7,790
Other	54		—		—		—		—		54
Total	$	1,014,318	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,014,318

The following table presents the credit exposure of the loan portfolio by internally assigned credit grade as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(In thousands)	Loans Subject to Normal Monitoring1		Performing Loans Subject to Special Monitoring2		Nonperforming Loans Subject to Special Monitoring2		Total Loans
March 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial	$	526,486	$	—	$	—	$	526,486
Real estate
Commercial:
Mortgage	110,407		3,793		—		114,200
Construction	8,812		—		—		8,812
Faith-based:
Mortgage	371,711		6,447		—		378,158
Construction	9,336		—		—		9,336
Other	5		—		—		5
Total	$	1,026,757	$	10,240	$	—	$	1,036,997
December 31, 2023
Commercial and industrial	$	498,502	$	—	$	—	$	498,502
Real estate
Commercial:
Mortgage	118,371		—		—		118,371
Construction	8,233		—		—		8,233
Faith-based:
Mortgage	375,865		5,503		—		381,368
Construction	7,790		—		—		7,790
Other	54		—		—		54
Total	$	1,008,815	$	5,503	$	—	$	1,014,318

1 Loans subject to normal monitoring involve borrowers of acceptable-to-strong credit quality and risk, who have the apparent ability to satisfy their loan obligations.

2 Loans subject to special monitoring possess some credit deficiency or potential weakness which requires a high level of management attention.

Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may be in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, a term extension, or a combination thereof, among other things. There were no loans modified during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The following table shows the amortized

cost of loans that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the three months ended March 31, 2023, segregated by category and type of modification.

(In thousands)	Payment Delay		Term Extension		Interest Rate Reduction		Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction		Percentage of Total Loans Held for Investment
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	11,225	$	—	$	—	2.04	%
Total	$	—	$	11,225	$	—	$	—	1.05	%

There were two loans modified during the three months ended March 31, 2023. The terms were extended by periods of two and three years and there was not an interest rate reduction associated with the modifications.

The following table shows the payment status of loans that have been modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the last twelve months:

(In thousands)	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due
Commercial and industrial	$	11,686	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total	$	11,686	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

At March 31, 2024, the Company had no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for which the Company modified the terms of the loans in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, or a term extension during the current period.

There were no modified loans that had a payment default during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023 and that had been modified due to the borrower experiencing financial difficulty within the 12 previous months preceding the default.

Upon the Company's determination that a modified loan has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan is written off. There were no loans written off during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

The Company had no loans evaluated for expected credit losses on an individual basis as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively.

There were no foreclosed loans recorded as other real estate owned as of March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

A summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) by category for the three-month period ended March 31, 2024 and year-ended December 31, 2023 is as follows:

(In thousands)	C&I		CRE		Faith-based CRE		Construction		Total
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	5,978	$	940	$	6,437	$	184	$	13,539
Provision for (release of) credit losses	(566)		153		39		(76)		(450)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	5,412	$	1,093	$	6,476	$	108	$	13,089
(Release of) provision for credit losses (1)	215		(58)		38		15		210
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	5,627	$	1,035	$	6,514	$	123	$	13,299

(1) For the three month period ended March 31, 2024 and year-ended December 31, 2023, there was a release of credit losses of $115,000 and $100,000, respectively, for unfunded commitments.

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company is party to activities that contain credit, market and operational risks that are not reflected in whole or in part in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. As more fully described in the Form

10-K, such activities include traditional off-balance sheet credit-related financial instruments. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, commercial letters of credit and standby letters of credit. The Company’s maximum potential exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit, commercial letters of credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amounts of those instruments. Commitments to extend credit and letters of credit are subject to the same underwriting standards as those financial instruments included on the consolidated balance sheets. An allowance for unfunded commitments of $17,000 and $132,000 had been recorded at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

At March 31, 2024, the balances of unfunded commitments, standby and commercial letters of credit were $223.6 million, $13.5 million, and $569,000, respectively. Since some of the financial instruments may expire without being drawn upon, the total amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.

On March 19, 2024, the Company filed a claim against Rubicon Technologies, Inc. ("Rubicon") for failed reimbursement of invoices that were processed and paid by the Company on Rubicon's behalf and fees for Company services that are due for invoice management services and bill pay services. The Company has a receivable at March 31, 2024 for $8.1 million related to these amounts. There is

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Stock-Based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

On February 16, 2023, the Board of Directors adopted the 2023 Omnibus Stock and Performance Compensation Plan (the "2023 Omnibus Plan"), which was approved by the Company's shareholders on April 18, 2023. The 2023 Omnibus Plan permits the issuance of up to 1.0 million shares of the Company’s common stock in the form of stock options, SARs, restricted stock, restricted stock units, phantom stock, and performance awards. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, 36,852 time-based restricted shares and 51,261 performance-based restricted shares were granted under the 2023 Omnibus Plan. Stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $1.2 million and $2.0 million, respectively.

Restricted Stock

Restricted shares granted to Company employees are amortized to expense over a three-year cliff vesting period, or until vesting occurs upon retirement. Restricted shares granted to members of the Board of Directors are amortized to expense over a one-year service period, with the exception of those shares granted in lieu of cash payments for retainer fees which are expensed in the period earned.

As of March 31, 2024, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested restricted shares was $2.4 million, and the related weighted-average period over which it is expected to be recognized is approximately 0.97 years.

Following is a summary of the activity of the Company's restricted stock for the three months ended March 31, 2024, with total shares and weighted-average fair value:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Shares	Fair Value
Balance at December 31, 2023	237,780	$	42.17
Granted	36,852	44.39
Vested	(37,577)	40.49
Forfeitures	(710)	43.70
Balance at March 31, 2024	236,345	$	42.79

Performance-Based Restricted Stock

The Company has granted three-year performance-based restricted stock (“PBRS”) awards which are contingent upon the Company’s achievement of pre-established financial goals over a three-year cliff vest period. The number of shares issued ranges from 0% to 150% of the target opportunity based on the actual achievement of financial goals for the three-year performance period.

Following is a summary of the activity of the PBRS for the three months ended March 31, 2024, based on 100% of target value:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Shares	Fair Value
Balance at December 31, 2023	159,073	$	42.74
Granted	51,261	48.19
Vested	(50,840)	40.74
Forfeitures	(1,066)	43.70
Balance at March 31, 2024	158,428	$	43.87

The PBRS that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2024 were based on the Company's achievement of 135.4% of target financial goals for the 2021-2023 performance period, resulting in the issuance of 68,834 shares of common stock. The outstanding PBRS at March 31, 2024 will vest at scheduled vesting dates and the actual number of shares of common stock issued will range from 0% to 150% of the target opportunity based on the actual achievement of financial goals for the respective three-year performance period.

SARs

There were no SARs granted and no expense recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2024. Following is a summary of the activity of the Company’s SARs program for the three months ended March 31, 2024:

	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Average Remaining Contractual Term Years	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2023	30,409	$	46.70	0.08	$	—
Forfeited	(30,409)	46.70		0.00	—
Exercisable at March 31, 2024	—	$	—	0.00	$	—

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Defined Pension Plans

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Defined Pension Plans

Defined Pension Plans

The Company has a noncontributory defined-benefit pension plan (the “Plan”), which covers eligible employees. Effective December 31, 2016, the Plan was closed to all new participants. Additionally, the Plan’s benefits were frozen for all remaining participants as of February 28, 2021. As such, subsequent to February 28, 2021, there is no service cost associated with the Plan. The following table represents the components of net periodic pension cost:

(In thousands)	Estimated 2024		Actual 2023
Interest cost on projected benefit obligations	$	4,291	$	4,314
Expected return on plan assets	(3,512)		(3,735)
Net amortization	—		154
Net periodic pension cost	$	779	$	733

The Company recorded net periodic pension cost of $195,000 and $100,000 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2024, and March 31, 2023, respectively. The Company made no contributions to the Plan during the three-month period ended March 31, 2024 and is evaluating the amount of contributions, if any, for the remainder of 2024.

In addition to the above funded defined-benefit pension plan, the Company has an unfunded supplemental executive retirement plan (the "SERP"). There are no current employees earning benefits and therefore, there is no service cost associated with the SERP. The following table represents the components of the net periodic cost for the SERP:

(In thousands)	Estimated 2024		Actual 2023
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation	$	451	$	472
Net periodic pension cost	$	451	$	472

SERP cost recorded to expense was $113,000 and $118,000 for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024, and March 31, 2023, respectively.

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Income Taxes	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The effective tax rate was 20.6% and 20.7% for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024, and March 31, 2023, respectively. The effective tax rate for all periods differs from the statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the tax-exempt interest received from municipal bonds and bank-owned life insurance, among other factors.

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Investment in Securities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Investments in Securities

Investment in Securities

Investment securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The Company’s investment securities available-for-sale are measured at fair value using Level 2 valuations. The market evaluation utilizes several sources which include “observable inputs” rather than “significant unobservable inputs” and therefore fall into the Level 2 category. The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value of investment securities are summarized as follows:

	March 31, 2024
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
State and political subdivisions	$	227,068	$	6	$	(17,370)	$	209,704
Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	208,586		—		(32,218)		176,368
Corporate bonds	119,048		27		(9,162)		109,913
Treasury securities	84,922		—		(400)		84,522
Asset backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	42,201		—		(779)		41,422
Total	$	681,825	$	33	$	(59,929)	$	621,929

	December 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
State and political subdivisions	$	235,297	$	4	$	(16,266)	$	219,035
Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	188,307		—		(30,508)		157,799
Corporate bonds	111,109		—		(8,769)		102,340
Treasury securities	109,836		—		(1,115)		108,721
Asset backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	40,368		—		(1,146)		39,222
Total	$	684,917	$	4	$	(57,804)	$	627,117

The fair values of securities with unrealized losses are as follows:

	March 31, 2024
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
(In thousands)	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
State and political subdivisions	$	26,244	$	164	$	175,899	$	17,206	$	202,143	$	17,370
Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	29,086		92		147,282		32,126		176,368		32,218
Corporate bonds	12,600		401		82,269		8,761		94,869		9,162
Treasury securities	—		—		84,522		400		84,522		400
Asset backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	—		—		41,422		779		41,422		779
Total	$	67,930	$	657	$	531,394	$	59,272	$	599,324	$	59,929

	December 31, 2023
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
(In thousands)	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
State and political subdivisions	$	63,198	$	220	$	152,854	$	16,046	$	216,052	$	16,266
Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	—		—		157,799		30,508		157,799		30,508
Corporate bonds	19,545		455		82,795		8,314		102,340		8,769
Treasury securities	—		—		108,721		1,115		108,721		1,115
Asset backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	—		—		39,222		1,146		39,222		1,146
Total	$	82,743	$	675	$	541,391	$	57,129	$	624,134	$	57,804

There were 267 securities, or 96.0% (228 of which for greater than 12 months), in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2024. The unrealized losses at March 31, 2024 were primarily attributable to changes in market interest rates after the securities were purchased. The Company does not currently intend to sell, and based on current conditions, the Company does not believe it will be required to sell these available-for-sale securities before the recovery of the amortized cost basis, which may be the maturity dates of the securities. Therefore, the unrealized losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss. There were 275 securities, or 98.9% (210 of which for greater than 12 months), in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2023. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had not recorded an allowance for credit losses on securities.

The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities by contractual maturity are shown in the following table. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

	March 31, 2024
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in 1 year or less	$	199,175	$	197,437
Due after 1 year through 5 years	94,092		92,440
Due after 5 years through 10 years	208,628		183,284
Due after 10 years	179,930		148,768
Total	$	681,825	$	621,929

Proceeds from sales of investment securities classified as available-for-sale were $0 and $61.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. Gross realized losses were $0 and $148,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Gross realized gains were $0 and $187,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. There were no securities pledged to secure public deposits or for other purposes at March 31, 2024

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Following is a summary of the carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments:

	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Balance sheet assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	192,803	$	192,803	$	372,468	$	372,468
Investment securities	621,929		621,929		627,117		627,117
Loans, net	1,023,698		987,496		1,001,229		962,223
Accrued interest receivable	8,965		8,965		8,450		8,450
Total	$	1,847,395	$	1,811,193	$	2,009,264	$	1,970,258
Balance sheet liabilities:
Deposits	$	1,079,092	$	1,079,092	$	1,140,814	$	1,140,814
Accounts and drafts payable	944,793		944,793		1,071,369		1,071,369
Accrued interest payable	387		387		635		635
Total	$	2,024,272	$	2,024,272	$	2,212,818	$	2,212,818

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value:

Cash and Cash Equivalents - The carrying amount approximates fair value.

Investment in Securities - The fair value is measured on a recurring basis using Level 2 valuations. Refer to Note 11, “Investment in Securities,” for fair value and unrealized gains and losses by investment type.

Loans - The fair value is estimated using present values of future cash flows discounted at risk-adjusted interest rates for each loan category designated by management and is therefore a Level 3 valuation. Management believes that the risk factor embedded in the interest rates along with the allowance for credit losses result in a fair valuation.

Accrued Interest Receivable - The carrying amount approximates fair value.

Deposits - The fair value of demand deposits, savings deposits and certain money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities and therefore, is a Level 2 valuation. The fair value estimates above do not include the benefit that results from the low-cost funding provided by the deposit liabilities compared to the cost of borrowing funds in the market or the benefit derived from the customer relationship inherent in existing deposits.

Accounts and Drafts Payable - The carrying amount approximates fair value.

Accrued Interest Payable - The carrying amount approximates fair value.

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from Contract with Customers

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Revenue is recognized as the obligation to the customer is satisfied. The following is detail of the Company’s revenue from contracts with clients.

Processing fees – The Company earns fees on a per-item or monthly basis for the invoice processing services rendered on behalf of customers. Per-item fees are recognized at the point in time when the performance obligation is satisfied. Monthly fees are earned over the course of a month, representing the period over which the performance obligation is satisfied. The contracts have no significant impact of variable consideration and no significant financing components.

Financial fees – The Company earns fees on a transaction level basis for invoice payment services when making customer payments. Fees are recognized at the point in time when the payment transactions are made, which is when the performance obligation is satisfied. The contracts have no significant impact of variable consideration and no significant financing components.

Bank service fees – Revenue from service fees consists of service charges and fees on deposit accounts under depository agreements with customers to provide access to deposited funds. Service charges on deposit accounts are transaction-based fees that are recognized at the point in time when the performance obligation is satisfied. The contracts have no significant impact of variable consideration and no significant financing components.

The following table presents non-interest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope for the periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)	2024		2023
Fee revenue and other income
In-scope of FASB ASC 606
Processing fees	$	21,253	$	19,513
Financial fees	10,777		11,259
Information services payment and processing revenue	32,030		30,772
Bank service fees	281		264
Fee revenue (in-scope of FASB ASC 606)	32,311		31,036
Other income (out-of-scope of FASB ASC 606)	986		1,071
Total fee revenue and other income	$	33,297	$	32,107

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Leases

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Leases

The Company leases certain premises under operating leases. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had lease liabilities of $8.2 million and right-of-use assets of $7.8 million. Lease liabilities and right-of-use assets are reflected in other liabilities and other assets, respectively. Presented within occupancy expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2024, operating lease cost was $341,000, short-term lease cost was $81,000, and there was no variable lease cost. At March 31, 2024, the weighted-average remaining lease term for the operating leases was 7.1 years and the weighted-average discount rate used in the measurement of operating lease liabilities was 3.56%. Certain of the Company’s leases contain options to renew the lease; however, these renewal options are not included in the calculation of the lease liabilities as they are not reasonably certain to be exercised. See the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K for information regarding these commitments.

A maturity analysis of operating lease liabilities and undiscounted cash flows as of March 31, 2024 is as follows:

(In thousands)	March 31, 2024
Lease payments due
Less than 1 year	$	1,325
1-2 years	1,352
2-3 years	1,347
3-4 years	1,364
4-5 years	1,287
Over 5 years	2,588
Total undiscounted cash flows	9,263
Discount on cash flows	1,046
Total lease liability	$	8,217

There were no sale and leaseback transactions, leveraged leases, or lease transactions with related parties during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

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Subsequent Events

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

In accordance with FASB ASC 855, Subsequent Events, the Company has evaluated subsequent events after the consolidated balance sheet date of March 31, 2024. There were no events identified that would require additional disclosures to prevent the Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements from being misleading.

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Intangible Assets (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Details of the Company’s intangible assets are as follows:

	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Assets eligible for amortization:
Customer lists	$	6,470	$	(4,919)	$	6,470	$	(4,851)
Patents	72		(37)		72		(36)
Software	3,212		(2,040)		3,212		(1,933)
Trade name	373		(77)		373		(70)
Other	500		(400)		500		(392)
Unamortized intangible assets:
Goodwill	17,309		—		17,309		—
Total intangible assets	$	27,936	$	(7,473)	$	27,936	$	(7,282)

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

The calculations of basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows:

(In thousands except share and per share data)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Basic
Net income	$	7,152	$	7,117
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	13,530,228		13,599,472
Basic earnings per share	$	0.53	$	0.52
Diluted
Net income	$	7,152	$	7,117
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	13,530,228		13,599,472
Effect of dilutive restricted stock and stock appreciation rights	255,049		263,926
Weighted-average common shares outstanding assuming dilution	13,785,277		13,863,398
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.52	$	0.51

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Industry Segment Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment

Summarized information about the Company’s operations in each industry segment is as follows:

(In thousands)	Information Services		Banking Services		Corporate, Eliminations and Other		Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024:
Fee income	$	32,321	$	640	$	336	$	33,297
Interest income	10,191		13,884		(2,421)		21,654
Interest expense	598		7,890		(3,310)		5,178
Intersegment income (expense)	(1,038)		1,038		—		—
Pre-tax income	5,964		1,818		1,225		9,007
Goodwill	17,173		136		—		17,309
Other intangible assets, net	3,154		—		—		3,154
Total assets	1,386,858		1,122,954		(216,233)		2,293,579
Average funding sources	$	1,315,614	$	799,740	$	—	$	2,115,354
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023:
Fee income	$	31,077	$	711	$	319	$	32,107
Interest income	9,447		13,177		(2,482)		20,142
Interest expense	98		5,433		(2,287)		3,244
Intersegment income (expense)	(914)		914		—		—
Pre-tax income	4,991		3,859		123		8,973
Goodwill	17,173		136		—		17,309
Other intangible assets, net	3,931		—		—		3,931
Total assets	1,526,001		1,167,979		(266,591)		2,427,389
Average funding sources	$	1,357,035	$	882,892	$	—	$	2,239,927

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Loans by Type (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Receivables [Abstract]

Summary of Loan Categories

A summary of loans is as follows:

(In thousands)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Commercial and industrial	$	526,486	$	498,502
Real estate:
Commercial:
Mortgage	114,200		118,371
Construction	8,812		8,233
Faith-based:
Mortgage	378,158		381,368
Construction	9,336		7,790
Other	5		54
Total loans	$	1,036,997	$	1,014,318

Schedule of Debt

The following table presents the aging of loans past due by category at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

	Performing						Nonperforming
(In thousands)	Current		30-59 Days		60-89 Days		90 Days and Over		Non- accrual		Total Loans
March 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial	$	526,486	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	526,486
Real estate
Commercial:
Mortgage	114,200		—		—		—		—		114,200
Construction	8,812		—		—		—		—		8,812
Faith-based:
Mortgage	378,158		—		—		—		—		378,158
Construction	9,336		—		—		—		—		9,336
Other	5		—		—		—		—		5
Total	$	1,036,997	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,036,997
December 31, 2023
Commercial and industrial	$	498,502	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	498,502
Real estate
Commercial:
Mortgage	118,371		—		—		—		—		118,371
Construction	8,233		—		—		—		—		8,233
Faith-based:
Mortgage	381,368		—		—		—		—		381,368
Construction	7,790		—		—		—		—		7,790
Other	54		—		—		—		—		54
Total	$	1,014,318	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,014,318

Schedule of Credit Exposure of the Loan Portfolio

The following table presents the credit exposure of the loan portfolio by internally assigned credit grade as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(In thousands)	Loans Subject to Normal Monitoring1		Performing Loans Subject to Special Monitoring2		Nonperforming Loans Subject to Special Monitoring2		Total Loans
March 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial	$	526,486	$	—	$	—	$	526,486
Real estate
Commercial:
Mortgage	110,407		3,793		—		114,200
Construction	8,812		—		—		8,812
Faith-based:
Mortgage	371,711		6,447		—		378,158
Construction	9,336		—		—		9,336
Other	5		—		—		5
Total	$	1,026,757	$	10,240	$	—	$	1,036,997
December 31, 2023
Commercial and industrial	$	498,502	$	—	$	—	$	498,502
Real estate
Commercial:
Mortgage	118,371		—		—		118,371
Construction	8,233		—		—		8,233
Faith-based:
Mortgage	375,865		5,503		—		381,368
Construction	7,790		—		—		7,790
Other	54		—		—		54
Total	$	1,008,815	$	5,503	$	—	$	1,014,318

1 Loans subject to normal monitoring involve borrowers of acceptable-to-strong credit quality and risk, who have the apparent ability to satisfy their loan obligations.

2 Loans subject to special monitoring possess some credit deficiency or potential weakness which requires a high level of management attention.

Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring

The following table shows the amortized

cost of loans that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the three months ended March 31, 2023, segregated by category and type of modification.

(In thousands)	Payment Delay		Term Extension		Interest Rate Reduction		Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction		Percentage of Total Loans Held for Investment
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	11,225	$	—	$	—	2.04	%
Total	$	—	$	11,225	$	—	$	—	1.05	%

The following table shows the payment status of loans that have been modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the last twelve months:

(In thousands)	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due
Commercial and industrial	$	11,686	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total	$	11,686	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Summary of ACL by Category

A summary of the activity in the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) by category for the three-month period ended March 31, 2024 and year-ended December 31, 2023 is as follows:

(In thousands)	C&I		CRE		Faith-based CRE		Construction		Total
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	5,978	$	940	$	6,437	$	184	$	13,539
Provision for (release of) credit losses	(566)		153		39		(76)		(450)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	5,412	$	1,093	$	6,476	$	108	$	13,089
(Release of) provision for credit losses (1)	215		(58)		38		15		210
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	5,627	$	1,035	$	6,514	$	123	$	13,299

(1) For the three month period ended March 31, 2024 and year-ended December 31, 2023, there was a release of credit losses of $115,000 and $100,000, respectively, for unfunded commitments.

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Restricted Stock Activity

Following is a summary of the activity of the Company's restricted stock for the three months ended March 31, 2024, with total shares and weighted-average fair value:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Shares	Fair Value
Balance at December 31, 2023	237,780	$	42.17
Granted	36,852	44.39
Vested	(37,577)	40.49
Forfeitures	(710)	43.70
Balance at March 31, 2024	236,345	$	42.79

Schedule of Performance Shares Activity

Following is a summary of the activity of the PBRS for the three months ended March 31, 2024, based on 100% of target value:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Shares	Fair Value
Balance at December 31, 2023	159,073	$	42.74
Granted	51,261	48.19
Vested	(50,840)	40.74
Forfeitures	(1,066)	43.70
Balance at March 31, 2024	158,428	$	43.87

Schedule of Stock Appreciation Right Activity

Following is a summary of the activity of the Company’s SARs program for the three months ended March 31, 2024:

	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Average Remaining Contractual Term Years	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2023	30,409	$	46.70	0.08	$	—
Forfeited	(30,409)	46.70		0.00	—
Exercisable at March 31, 2024	—	$	—	0.00	$	—

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Defined Pension Plans (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments

The following table represents the components of net periodic pension cost:

(In thousands)	Estimated 2024		Actual 2023
Interest cost on projected benefit obligations	$	4,291	$	4,314
Expected return on plan assets	(3,512)		(3,735)
Net amortization	—		154
Net periodic pension cost	$	779	$	733

Schedule of Net Benefit Costs

The following table represents the components of the net periodic cost for the SERP:

(In thousands)	Estimated 2024		Actual 2023
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation	$	451	$	472
Net periodic pension cost	$	451	$	472

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Investment in Securities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Schedule of Investment Securities

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value of investment securities are summarized as follows:

	March 31, 2024
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
State and political subdivisions	$	227,068	$	6	$	(17,370)	$	209,704
Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	208,586		—		(32,218)		176,368
Corporate bonds	119,048		27		(9,162)		109,913
Treasury securities	84,922		—		(400)		84,522
Asset backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	42,201		—		(779)		41,422
Total	$	681,825	$	33	$	(59,929)	$	621,929

	December 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
State and political subdivisions	$	235,297	$	4	$	(16,266)	$	219,035
Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	188,307		—		(30,508)		157,799
Corporate bonds	111,109		—		(8,769)		102,340
Treasury securities	109,836		—		(1,115)		108,721
Asset backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	40,368		—		(1,146)		39,222
Total	$	684,917	$	4	$	(57,804)	$	627,117

Schedule of Unrealized Loss on Investments

The fair values of securities with unrealized losses are as follows:

	March 31, 2024
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
(In thousands)	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
State and political subdivisions	$	26,244	$	164	$	175,899	$	17,206	$	202,143	$	17,370
Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	29,086		92		147,282		32,126		176,368		32,218
Corporate bonds	12,600		401		82,269		8,761		94,869		9,162
Treasury securities	—		—		84,522		400		84,522		400
Asset backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	—		—		41,422		779		41,422		779
Total	$	67,930	$	657	$	531,394	$	59,272	$	599,324	$	59,929

	December 31, 2023
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
(In thousands)	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
State and political subdivisions	$	63,198	$	220	$	152,854	$	16,046	$	216,052	$	16,266
Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	—		—		157,799		30,508		157,799		30,508
Corporate bonds	19,545		455		82,795		8,314		102,340		8,769
Treasury securities	—		—		108,721		1,115		108,721		1,115
Asset backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises	—		—		39,222		1,146		39,222		1,146
Total	$	82,743	$	675	$	541,391	$	57,129	$	624,134	$	57,804

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense

The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities by contractual maturity are shown in the following table. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

	March 31, 2024
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in 1 year or less	$	199,175	$	197,437
Due after 1 year through 5 years	94,092		92,440
Due after 5 years through 10 years	208,628		183,284
Due after 10 years	179,930		148,768
Total	$	681,825	$	621,929

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value Measurements by Balance Sheet Grouping

Following is a summary of the carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments:

	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Balance sheet assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	192,803	$	192,803	$	372,468	$	372,468
Investment securities	621,929		621,929		627,117		627,117
Loans, net	1,023,698		987,496		1,001,229		962,223
Accrued interest receivable	8,965		8,965		8,450		8,450
Total	$	1,847,395	$	1,811,193	$	2,009,264	$	1,970,258
Balance sheet liabilities:
Deposits	$	1,079,092	$	1,079,092	$	1,140,814	$	1,140,814
Accounts and drafts payable	944,793		944,793		1,071,369		1,071,369
Accrued interest payable	387		387		635		635
Total	$	2,024,272	$	2,024,272	$	2,212,818	$	2,212,818

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)	2024		2023
Fee revenue and other income
In-scope of FASB ASC 606
Processing fees	$	21,253	$	19,513
Financial fees	10,777		11,259
Information services payment and processing revenue	32,030		30,772
Bank service fees	281		264
Fee revenue (in-scope of FASB ASC 606)	32,311		31,036
Other income (out-of-scope of FASB ASC 606)	986		1,071
Total fee revenue and other income	$	33,297	$	32,107

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Leases (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Operating Lease Maturity

A maturity analysis of operating lease liabilities and undiscounted cash flows as of March 31, 2024 is as follows:

(In thousands)	March 31, 2024
Lease payments due
Less than 1 year	$	1,325
1-2 years	1,352
2-3 years	1,347
3-4 years	1,364
4-5 years	1,287
Over 5 years	2,588
Total undiscounted cash flows	9,263
Discount on cash flows	1,046
Total lease liability	$	8,217

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Intangible Assets - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 17,309	$ 17,309	$ 17,309
Amortization of intangible assets	191	$ 195
Expected amortization, remainder of fiscal year	738
Amortization expense, next rolling twelve months	730
Amortization expense, rolling year two	582
Amortization expense, rolling year three	262
Amortization expense, rolling year four	$ 254
Customer lists | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	7 years
Customer lists | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	10 years
Patents
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	18 years
Software | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	3 years
Software | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	7 years
Trade name | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	10 years
Trade name | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	20 years
Other
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	15 years

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Intangible Assets - Schedule of Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Assets eligible for amortization:
Accumulated Amortization	$ (7,473)	$ (7,282)
Unamortized intangible assets:
Goodwill, gross carrying amount	17,309	17,309
Total intangible assets, net	27,936	27,936
Total intangible assets, accumulated amortization	7,473	7,282
Customer lists
Assets eligible for amortization:
Gross Carrying Amount	6,470	6,470
Accumulated Amortization	(4,919)	(4,851)
Unamortized intangible assets:
Total intangible assets, accumulated amortization	4,919	4,851
Patents
Assets eligible for amortization:
Gross Carrying Amount	72	72
Accumulated Amortization	(37)	(36)
Unamortized intangible assets:
Total intangible assets, accumulated amortization	37	36
Software
Assets eligible for amortization:
Gross Carrying Amount	3,212	3,212
Accumulated Amortization	(2,040)	(1,933)
Unamortized intangible assets:
Total intangible assets, accumulated amortization	2,040	1,933
Trade name
Assets eligible for amortization:
Gross Carrying Amount	373	373
Accumulated Amortization	(77)	(70)
Unamortized intangible assets:
Total intangible assets, accumulated amortization	77	70
Other
Assets eligible for amortization:
Gross Carrying Amount	500	500
Accumulated Amortization	(400)	(392)
Unamortized intangible assets:
Total intangible assets, accumulated amortization	$ 400	$ 392

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Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Basic
Net income	$ 7,152	$ 7,117
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (in shares)	13,530,228	13,599,472
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.53	$ 0.52
Diluted
Net Income	$ 7,152	$ 7,117
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (in shares)	13,530,228	13,599,472
Effect of dilutive restricted stock and stock appreciation rights (in shares)	255,049	263,926
Weighted-average common shares outstanding assuming dilution (in shares)	13,785,277	13,863,398
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.52	$ 0.51

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Stock Repurchases (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2021
Equity [Abstract]
Number of shares authorized to be repurchased (in shares)			500,000
Remaining number of shares authorized to be repurchased (in shares)	462,765
Treasury stock, shares repurchased (in shares)	23,271	0

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Industry Segment Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Interest Income (Expense), after Provision for Loan Loss [Abstract]
Fee income	$ 33,297	$ 32,107
Interest income	21,654	20,142
Interest expense	5,178	3,244
Intersegment income (expense)	16,476	16,898
Tax-equivalized pre-tax income	9,007	8,973
Goodwill	17,309	17,309	$ 17,309
Other intangible assets, net	3,154	3,931
Total assets	2,293,579	2,427,389	$ 2,478,622
Average funding sources	2,115,354	2,239,927
Corporate, Eliminations and Other
Interest Income (Expense), after Provision for Loan Loss [Abstract]
Fee income	336	319
Interest income	(2,421)	(2,482)
Interest expense	(3,310)	(2,287)
Intersegment income (expense)	0	0
Tax-equivalized pre-tax income	1,225	123
Goodwill	0	0
Other intangible assets, net	0	0
Total assets	(216,233)	(266,591)
Average funding sources	0	0
Information services payment and processing revenue | Operating Segments
Interest Income (Expense), after Provision for Loan Loss [Abstract]
Fee income	32,321	31,077
Interest income	10,191	9,447
Interest expense	598	98
Intersegment income (expense)	(1,038)	(914)
Tax-equivalized pre-tax income	5,964	4,991
Goodwill	17,173	17,173
Other intangible assets, net	3,154	3,931
Total assets	1,386,858	1,526,001
Average funding sources	1,315,614	1,357,035
Banking Services | Operating Segments
Interest Income (Expense), after Provision for Loan Loss [Abstract]
Fee income	640	711
Interest income	13,884	13,177
Interest expense	7,890	5,433
Intersegment income (expense)	1,038	914
Tax-equivalized pre-tax income	1,818	3,859
Goodwill	136	136
Other intangible assets, net	0	0
Total assets	1,122,954	1,167,979
Average funding sources	$ 799,740	$ 882,892

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Loans by Type - Summary of Loan Categories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	$ 1,036,997	$ 1,014,318
Commercial and industrial
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	526,486	498,502
Commercial: | Mortgage
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	114,200	118,371
Commercial: | Construction
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	8,812	8,233
Faith-based: | Mortgage
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	378,158	381,368
Faith-based: | Construction
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	9,336	7,790
Other
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	$ 5	$ 54

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Loans by Type - Schedule of the Aging of Loans by Loan Categories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	$ 1,036,997	$ 1,014,318
Non- accrual	0	0
Commercial and industrial
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	526,486	498,502
Non- accrual	0	0
Commercial: | Mortgage
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	114,200	118,371
Non- accrual	0	0
Commercial: | Construction
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	8,812	8,233
Non- accrual	0	0
Faith-based: | Mortgage
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	378,158	381,368
Non- accrual	0	0
Faith-based: | Construction
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	9,336	7,790
Non- accrual	0	0
Other
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	5	54
Non- accrual	0	0
Current
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	1,036,997	1,014,318
Current | Commercial and industrial
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	526,486	498,502
Current | Commercial: | Mortgage
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	114,200	118,371
Current | Commercial: | Construction
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	8,812	8,233
Current | Faith-based: | Mortgage
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	378,158	381,368
Current | Faith-based: | Construction
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	9,336	7,790
Current | Other
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	5	54
30-59 Days
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	0	0
30-59 Days | Commercial and industrial
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	0	0
30-59 Days | Commercial: | Mortgage
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	0	0
30-59 Days | Commercial: | Construction
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	0	0
30-59 Days | Faith-based: | Mortgage
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	0	0
30-59 Days | Faith-based: | Construction
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	0	0
30-59 Days | Other
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	0	0
60-89 Days
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	0	0
60-89 Days | Commercial and industrial
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	0	0
60-89 Days | Commercial: | Mortgage
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	0	0
60-89 Days | Commercial: | Construction
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	0	0
60-89 Days | Faith-based: | Mortgage
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	0	0
60-89 Days | Faith-based: | Construction
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	0	0
60-89 Days | Other
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	0	0
90 Days and Over
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	0	0
90 Days and Over | Commercial and industrial
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	0	0
90 Days and Over | Commercial: | Mortgage
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	0	0
90 Days and Over | Commercial: | Construction
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	0	0
90 Days and Over | Faith-based: | Mortgage
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	0	0
90 Days and Over | Faith-based: | Construction
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	0	0
90 Days and Over | Other
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total Loans	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Loans by Type - Schedule of the Credit Exposure of the Loan Portfolio (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	$ 1,036,997	$ 1,014,318
Loans Subject To Normal Monitoring
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	1,026,757	1,008,815
Performing Loans Subject To Special Monitoring
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	10,240	5,503
Nonperforming Loans Subject To Special Monitoring
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	0	0
Commercial and industrial
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	526,486	498,502
Commercial and industrial | Loans Subject To Normal Monitoring
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	526,486	498,502
Commercial and industrial | Performing Loans Subject To Special Monitoring
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	0	0
Commercial and industrial | Nonperforming Loans Subject To Special Monitoring
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	0	0
Commercial: | Mortgage
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	114,200	118,371
Commercial: | Mortgage | Loans Subject To Normal Monitoring
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	110,407	118,371
Commercial: | Mortgage | Performing Loans Subject To Special Monitoring
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	3,793	0
Commercial: | Mortgage | Nonperforming Loans Subject To Special Monitoring
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	0	0
Commercial: | Construction
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	8,812	8,233
Commercial: | Construction | Loans Subject To Normal Monitoring
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	8,812	8,233
Commercial: | Construction | Performing Loans Subject To Special Monitoring
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	0	0
Commercial: | Construction | Nonperforming Loans Subject To Special Monitoring
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	0	0
Faith-based: | Mortgage
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	378,158	381,368
Faith-based: | Mortgage | Loans Subject To Normal Monitoring
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	371,711	375,865
Faith-based: | Mortgage | Performing Loans Subject To Special Monitoring
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	6,447	5,503
Faith-based: | Mortgage | Nonperforming Loans Subject To Special Monitoring
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	0	0
Faith-based: | Construction
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	9,336	7,790
Faith-based: | Construction | Loans Subject To Normal Monitoring
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	9,336	7,790
Faith-based: | Construction | Performing Loans Subject To Special Monitoring
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	0	0
Faith-based: | Construction | Nonperforming Loans Subject To Special Monitoring
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	0	0
Other
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	5	54
Other | Loans Subject To Normal Monitoring
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	5	54
Other | Performing Loans Subject To Special Monitoring
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	0	0
Other | Nonperforming Loans Subject To Special Monitoring
Participating Mortgage Loans [Line Items]
Total loans	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Loans by Type - Summary of ACL by Category (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 13,089
Ending balance	13,299
Loans Excluding Unfunded Commitments
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	13,089	$ 13,539
Provision for (release of) credit losses	210	(450)
Ending balance	13,299
Loans Excluding Unfunded Commitments | C&I
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	5,412	5,978
Provision for (release of) credit losses	215	(566)
Ending balance	5,627
Loans Excluding Unfunded Commitments | CRE
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	1,093	940
Provision for (release of) credit losses	(58)	153
Ending balance	1,035
Loans Excluding Unfunded Commitments | Faith-based CRE
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	6,476	6,437
Provision for (release of) credit losses	38	39
Ending balance	6,514
Loans Excluding Unfunded Commitments | Construction
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	108	184
Provision for (release of) credit losses	15	$ (76)
Ending balance	$ 123

XML

Loans by Type (Details) - TDM Loans $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Percentage of Total Loans Held for Investment	1.05%
Payment Delay
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Modified loans	$ 0
Term Extension
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Modified loans	11,225
Interest Rate Reduction
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Modified loans	0
Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Modified loans	$ 0
Commercial and industrial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Percentage of Total Loans Held for Investment	2.04%
Commercial and industrial | Payment Delay
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Modified loans	$ 0
Commercial and industrial | Term Extension
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Modified loans	11,225
Commercial and industrial | Interest Rate Reduction
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Modified loans	0
Commercial and industrial | Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Modified loans	$ 0

XML

Loans by Type (Details) - TDRs $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Modified loans	$ 0
Commercial and industrial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Modified loans	0
Current
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Modified loans	11,686
Current | Commercial and industrial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Modified loans	11,686
30-59 Days
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Modified loans	0
30-59 Days | Commercial and industrial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Modified loans	0
60-89 Days
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Modified loans	0
60-89 Days | Commercial and industrial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Modified loans	0
90 Days and Over
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Modified loans	0
90 Days and Over | Commercial and industrial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Modified loans	$ 0

XML

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Allowance for unfunded commitments	$ 17	$ 132
Unused loan commitments	223,600
Invoice Reimbursement [Abstract]	8,100
Financial Standby Letter of Credit
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Letters of credit	13,500
Stand by Letters Of Credit Member
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Letters of credit	$ 569

XML

Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 1,226	$ 1,950
Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	36,852
Unrecognized compensation expense	$ 2,400
Unrecognized compensation expense, period for recognition	11 months 19 days
Nonvested awards shares outstanding (in shares)	236,345		237,780
Restricted Stock | Employee
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period	3 years
Restricted Stock | Nonemployee
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period	1 year
Restricted Stock | Omnibus Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares issued in period (in shares)	36,852
Performance-based Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	51,261
Award vesting period	3 years
Percentage of target opportunity for awards to vest	135.40%
Shares issued in period (in shares)	68,834
Nonvested awards shares outstanding (in shares)	158,428		159,073
Performance-based Restricted Stock | Omnibus Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares issued in period (in shares)	51,261
Performance-based Restricted Stock | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of target opportunity for awards to vest	0.00%
Performance-based Restricted Stock | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of target opportunity for awards to vest	150.00%

XML

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Restricted Stock Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance (in shares) | shares	237,780
Granted (in shares) | shares	36,852
Vested (in shares) | shares	(37,577)
Forfeitures (in shares) | shares	(710)
Ending balance (in shares) | shares	236,345
Fair Value
Beginning balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 42.17
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	44.39
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	40.49
Forfeitures (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	43.70
Ending balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 42.79

XML

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of PBRS Activity (Details) - Performance-based Restricted Stock	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance (in shares) | shares	159,073
Granted (in shares) | shares	51,261
Vested (in shares) | shares	(50,840)
Forfeitures (in shares) | shares	(1,066)
Ending balance (in shares) | shares	158,428
Fair Value
Beginning balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 42.74
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	48.19
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	40.74
Forfeitures (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	43.70
Ending balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 43.87

XML

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Company's SARs Activity (Details) - SARs - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance (in shares)	30,409
Ending balance (in shares)	0
Fair Value
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 46.70
Ending balance (in dollars per share)	$ 0
Outstanding, average remaining contractual term (in years)	0 years	29 days
Aggregate intrinsic value	$ 0		$ 0
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Forfeitures	30,409
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	$ 46.70

XML

Defined Pension Plans - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023
Pension Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net periodic cost (benefit)	$ 195	$ 100	$ 733
Contributions	0
Supplemental Employee Retirement Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net periodic cost (benefit)	$ 113	$ 118	$ 472

XML

Defined Pension Plans - Schedule of Net Periodic Pension Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Pension Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation				$ 4,314
Expected return on plan assets				(3,735)
Net amortization				154
Net periodic pension (benefit) cost	$ 195	$ 100		733
Pension Plan | Forecast
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation			$ 4,291
Expected return on plan assets			(3,512)
Net amortization			0
Net periodic pension (benefit) cost			779
Supplemental Employee Retirement Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation				472
Net periodic pension (benefit) cost	$ 113	$ 118		$ 472
Supplemental Employee Retirement Plan | Forecast
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation			451
Net periodic pension (benefit) cost			$ 451

XML

Income Taxes (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Effective income tax rate reconciliation, percent	20.60%	20.70%

XML

Investment in Securities - Schedule of Investment Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	$ 681,825	$ 684,917
Gross Unrealized Gains	33	4
Gross Unrealized Losses	(59,929)	(57,804)
Fair Value	621,929	627,117
AFS, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	67,930	82,743
AFS, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	657	675
AFS, 12 months or more, Estimated Fair Value	531,394	541,391
AFS, 12 months or more, Unrealized Losses	59,272	57,129
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position	599,324	624,134
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss	59,929	57,804
State and political subdivisions
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	227,068	235,297
Gross Unrealized Gains	6	4
Gross Unrealized Losses	(17,370)	(16,266)
Fair Value	209,704	219,035
AFS, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	26,244	63,198
AFS, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	164	220
AFS, 12 months or more, Estimated Fair Value	175,899	152,854
AFS, 12 months or more, Unrealized Losses	17,206	16,046
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position	202,143	216,052
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss	17,370	16,266
Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	208,586	188,307
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(32,218)	(30,508)
Fair Value	176,368	157,799
AFS, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	29,086	0
AFS, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	92	0
AFS, 12 months or more, Estimated Fair Value	147,282	157,799
AFS, 12 months or more, Unrealized Losses	32,126	30,508
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position	176,368	157,799
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss	32,218	30,508
Corporate bonds
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	119,048	111,109
Gross Unrealized Gains	27	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(9,162)	(8,769)
Fair Value	109,913	102,340
AFS, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	12,600	19,545
AFS, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	401	455
AFS, 12 months or more, Estimated Fair Value	82,269	82,795
AFS, 12 months or more, Unrealized Losses	8,761	8,314
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position	94,869	102,340
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss	9,162	8,769
Treasury securities
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	84,922	109,836
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(400)	(1,115)
Fair Value	84,522	108,721
AFS, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	0	0
AFS, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	0	0
AFS, 12 months or more, Estimated Fair Value	84,522	108,721
AFS, 12 months or more, Unrealized Losses	400	1,115
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position	84,522	108,721
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss	400	1,115
Asset backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	42,201	40,368
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(779)	(1,146)
Fair Value	41,422	39,222
AFS, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	0	0
AFS, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	0	0
AFS, 12 months or more, Estimated Fair Value	41,422	39,222
AFS, 12 months or more, Unrealized Losses	779	1,146
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position	41,422	39,222
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss	$ 779	$ 1,146

XML

Investment in Securities - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) security	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 security
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Available-for-sale securities, number of positions | security	267		275
Available-for-sale securities, percentage of total securities	96.00%		98.90%
Available-for-sale securities, number of positions, greater than one year | security	228		210
Proceeds from sales of securities available-for-sale	$ 0	$ 61,418
Available-for-sale securities, gross realized gains	0	187
Available-for-sale securities, gross realized losses	0	148
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities, gross realized losses	$ 0	$ 148

XML

Investment in Securities - Schedule of the Fair Values of Securities with Unrealized Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
AFS, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	$ 67,930	$ 82,743
AFS, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	657	675
AFS, 12 months or more, Estimated Fair Value	531,394	541,391
AFS, 12 months or more, Unrealized Losses	59,272	57,129
AFS, Total Estimated Fair Value	599,324	624,134
AFS, Total Unrealized Losses	59,929	57,804
State and political subdivisions
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
AFS, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	26,244	63,198
AFS, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	164	220
AFS, 12 months or more, Estimated Fair Value	175,899	152,854
AFS, 12 months or more, Unrealized Losses	17,206	16,046
AFS, Total Estimated Fair Value	202,143	216,052
AFS, Total Unrealized Losses	17,370	16,266
Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
AFS, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	29,086	0
AFS, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	92	0
AFS, 12 months or more, Estimated Fair Value	147,282	157,799
AFS, 12 months or more, Unrealized Losses	32,126	30,508
AFS, Total Estimated Fair Value	176,368	157,799
AFS, Total Unrealized Losses	32,218	30,508
Corporate bonds
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
AFS, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	12,600	19,545
AFS, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	401	455
AFS, 12 months or more, Estimated Fair Value	82,269	82,795
AFS, 12 months or more, Unrealized Losses	8,761	8,314
AFS, Total Estimated Fair Value	94,869	102,340
AFS, Total Unrealized Losses	9,162	8,769
Treasury securities
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
AFS, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	0	0
AFS, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	0	0
AFS, 12 months or more, Estimated Fair Value	84,522	108,721
AFS, 12 months or more, Unrealized Losses	400	1,115
AFS, Total Estimated Fair Value	84,522	108,721
AFS, Total Unrealized Losses	400	1,115
Asset backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
AFS, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	0	0
AFS, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	0	0
AFS, 12 months or more, Estimated Fair Value	41,422	39,222
AFS, 12 months or more, Unrealized Losses	779	1,146
AFS, Total Estimated Fair Value	41,422	39,222
AFS, Total Unrealized Losses	$ 779	$ 1,146

XML

Investment in Securities - Schedule of Amortized Cost and Fair Value of Investment Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Amortized Cost
Due in 1 year or less	$ 199,175
Due after 1 year through 5 years	94,092
Due after 5 years through 10 years	208,628
Due after 10 years	179,930
Amortized Cost	681,825	$ 684,917
Fair Value
Due in 1 year or less	197,437
Due after 1 year through 5 years	92,440
Due after 5 years through 10 years	183,284
Due after 10 years	148,768
Total	$ 621,929	$ 627,117

XML

Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Balance sheet assets:
Investment securities	$ 621,929	$ 627,117
Carrying Amount
Balance sheet assets:
Accrued interest receivable	8,965	8,450
Total	1,847,395	2,009,264
Balance sheet liabilities:
Accrued interest payable	387	635
Total	2,024,272	2,212,818
Fair Value
Balance sheet assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	192,803	372,468
Investment securities	621,929	627,117
Loans, net	987,496	962,223
Accrued interest receivable	8,965	8,450
Total	1,811,193	1,970,258
Balance sheet liabilities:
Deposits	1,079,092	1,140,814
Accounts and drafts payable	944,793	1,071,369
Accrued interest payable	387	635
Total	$ 2,024,272	$ 2,212,818

XML

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenue, Performance Obligation [Abstract]
Fee revenues, in-scope of FASB ASC 606	$ 32,311	$ 31,036
Other income (out-of-scope of FASB ASC 606)	986	1,071
Total fee revenue and other income	33,297	32,107
Processing fees
Revenue, Performance Obligation [Abstract]
Fee revenues, in-scope of FASB ASC 606	21,253	19,513
Financial fees
Revenue, Performance Obligation [Abstract]
Fee revenues, in-scope of FASB ASC 606	10,777	11,259
Information services payment and processing revenue
Revenue, Performance Obligation [Abstract]
Fee revenues, in-scope of FASB ASC 606	32,030	30,772
Bank service fees
Revenue, Performance Obligation [Abstract]
Fee revenues, in-scope of FASB ASC 606	$ 281	$ 264

XML

Leases - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease, liability	$ 8,217
Operating lease, right-of-use asset	$ 7,800
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other liabilities
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other assets
Operating lease, cost	$ 341
Short-term lease, cost	81
Variable lease, cost	$ 0
Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term	7 years 1 month 6 days
Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent	3.56%

XML

Leases - Schedule of Operating Lease Maturity (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Lease payments due
Less than 1 year	$ 1,325
1-2 years	1,352
2-3 years	1,347
3-4 years	1,364
4-5 years	1,287
Over 5 years	2,588
Total undiscounted cash flows	9,263
Discount on cash flows	1,046
Total lease liability	$ 8,217