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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Assets and Liabilities Carried at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2023 and 2022, including financial instruments that the Corporation accounts for under the fair value option, are summarized in the following tables.
December 31, 2023
 Fair Value Measurements
(Dollars in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3
Netting Adjustments (1)
Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
Assets     
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments
$1,181 $ $ $ $1,181 
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell
 436,340  (303,287)133,053 
Trading account assets:     
U.S. Treasury and government agencies65,160 1,963   67,123 
Corporate securities, trading loans and other 41,462 1,689  43,151 
Equity securities47,431 41,380 187  88,998 
Non-U.S. sovereign debt5,517 21,195 396  27,108 
Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS:
U.S. government-sponsored agency guaranteed 38,802 2  38,804 
Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS 10,955 1,215  12,170 
Total trading account assets (2)
118,108 155,757 3,489  277,354 
Derivative assets14,676 272,244 3,422 (251,019)39,323 
AFS debt securities:     
U.S. Treasury and government agencies176,764 902   177,666 
Mortgage-backed securities:     
Agency 37,812   37,812 
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations 2,544   2,544 
Non-agency residential 109 273  382 
Commercial 10,435   10,435 
Non-U.S. securities1,093 21,679 103  22,875 
Other taxable securities 4,835   4,835 
Tax-exempt securities 10,100   10,100 
Total AFS debt securities177,857 88,416 376  266,649 
Other debt securities carried at fair value:
U.S. Treasury and government agencies1,690    1,690 
Non-agency residential MBS 211 69  280 
Non-U.S. and other securities
1,786 6,447   8,233 
Total other debt securities carried at fair value3,476 6,658 69  10,203 
Loans and leases 3,476 93  3,569 
Loans held-for-sale 1,895 164  2,059 
Other assets (3)
8,052 2,152 1,657  11,861 
Total assets (4)
$323,350 $966,938 $9,270 $(554,306)$745,252 
Liabilities     
Interest-bearing deposits in U.S. offices$ $284 $ $ $284 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase
 481,896  (303,287)178,609 
Trading account liabilities:    
U.S. Treasury and government agencies14,908 65   14,973 
Equity securities51,772 4,710 12  56,494 
Non-U.S. sovereign debt9,390 6,997   16,387 
Corporate securities and other 7,637 39  7,676 
Total trading account liabilities76,070 19,409 51  95,530 
Derivative liabilities14,375 280,908 5,916 (257,767)43,432 
Short-term borrowings 4,680 10  4,690 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities8,969 2,483 21  11,473 
Long-term debt 42,195 614  42,809 
Total liabilities (4)
$99,414 $831,855 $6,612 $(561,054)$376,827 
(1)Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements and also cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties.
(2)Includes securities with a fair value of $18.0 billion that were segregated in compliance with securities regulations or deposited with clearing organizations. This amount is included in the parenthetical disclosure on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Trading account assets also includes certain commodities inventory of $42 million that is accounted for at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which is the current selling price less any costs to sell.
(3)Includes MSRs, which are classified as Level 3 assets, of $970 million.
(4)Total recurring Level 3 assets were 0.29 percent of total consolidated assets, and total recurring Level 3 liabilities were 0.23 percent of total consolidated liabilities.
December 31, 2022
Fair Value Measurements
(Dollars in millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3
Netting Adjustments (1)
Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
Assets     
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments
$868 $— $— $— $868 
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell (2)
— 146,999 — — 146,999 
Trading account assets:     
U.S. Treasury and government agencies58,894 212 — — 59,106 
Corporate securities, trading loans and other— 46,897 2,384 — 49,281 
Equity securities77,868 35,065 145 — 113,078 
Non-U.S. sovereign debt7,392 26,306 518 — 34,216 
Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS:
U.S. government-sponsored agency guaranteed— 28,563 34 — 28,597 
Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS— 10,312 1,518 — 11,830 
Total trading account assets (3)
144,154 147,355 4,599 — 296,108 
Derivative assets14,775 380,380 3,213 (349,726)48,642 
AFS debt securities:     
U.S. Treasury and government agencies158,102 920 — — 159,022 
Mortgage-backed securities:     
Agency— 23,442 — — 23,442 
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations— 2,221 — — 2,221 
Non-agency residential— 128 258 — 386 
Commercial— 6,407 — — 6,407 
Non-U.S. securities— 13,212 195 — 13,407 
Other taxable securities— 4,645 — — 4,645 
Tax-exempt securities— 11,207 51 — 11,258 
Total AFS debt securities158,102 62,182 504 — 220,788 
Other debt securities carried at fair value:
U.S. Treasury and government agencies561 — — — 561 
Non-agency residential MBS— 248 119 — 367 
Non-U.S. and other securities3,027 5,251 — — 8,278 
Total other debt securities carried at fair value3,588 5,499 119 — 9,206 
Loans and leases— 5,518 253 — 5,771 
Loans held-for-sale— 883 232 — 1,115 
Other assets (4)
6,898 897 1,799 — 9,594 
Total assets (5)
$328,385 $749,713 $10,719 $(349,726)$739,091 
Liabilities     
Interest-bearing deposits in U.S. offices$— $311 $— $— $311 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase (2)
— 151,708 — — 151,708 
Trading account liabilities:    
U.S. Treasury and government agencies13,906 181 — — 14,087 
Equity securities36,937 4,825 — — 41,762 
Non-U.S. sovereign debt9,636 8,228 — — 17,864 
Corporate securities and other— 6,628 58 — 6,686 
Total trading account liabilities60,479 19,862 58 — 80,399 
Derivative liabilities15,431 376,979 6,106 (353,700)44,816 
Short-term borrowings— 818 14 — 832 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities7,458 2,262 32 — 9,752 
Long-term debt— 32,208 862 — 33,070 
Total liabilities (5)
$83,368 $584,148 $7,072 $(353,700)$320,888 
(1)Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable derivative master netting agreements and also cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties.
(2)Amounts have been netted by $221.7 billion to reflect the application of legally enforceable master netting agreements.
(3)Includes securities with a fair value of $16.6 billion that were segregated in compliance with securities regulations or deposited with clearing organizations. This amount is included in the parenthetical disclosure on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Trading account assets also includes certain commodities inventory of $40 million that is accounted for at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which is the current selling price less any costs to sell.
(4)Includes MSRs, which are classified as Level 3 assets, of $1.0 billion.
(5)Total recurring Level 3 assets were 0.35 percent of total consolidated assets, and total recurring Level 3 liabilities were 0.25 percent of total consolidated liabilities.
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation
The following tables present a reconciliation of all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during 2023, 2022 and 2021, including net realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings and accumulated OCI. Transfers into Level 3 occur primarily due to decreased price observability, and
transfers out of Level 3 occur primarily due to increased price observability. Transfers occur on a regular basis for long-term debt instruments due to changes in the impact of unobservable inputs on the value of the embedded derivative in relation to the instrument as a whole.
Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements (1)
Balance
January 1
Total Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) in Net Income (2)
Gains
(Losses)
in OCI (3)
GrossGross
Transfers
into
Level 3 
Gross
Transfers
out of
Level 3 
Balance
December 31
Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) in Net Income Related to Financial Instruments Still Held (2)
(Dollars in millions)

PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlements
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $$(7)$— $— 
Trading account assets:       
Corporate securities, trading loans and other
2,384 144 2 453 (241)20 (1,029)385 (429)1,689 50 
Equity securities
145 44  39 (52) (61)153 (81)187 (5)
Non-U.S. sovereign debt
518 68 30 64 (23) (259) (2)396 70 
Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS1,552 (50) 263 (417) (241)436 (326)1,217 (71)
Total trading account assets4,599 206 32 819 (733)20 (1,590)974 (838)3,489 44 
Net derivative assets (liabilities) (4)
(2,893)179 (375)1,318 (1,281) (1,575)(8)2,141 (2,494)(857)
AFS debt securities:          
Non-agency residential MBS258 1 23    (9)  273 2 
Non-U.S. and other taxable securities195 10 7    (106)4 (7)103 2 
Tax-exempt securities51 1     (52)    
Total AFS debt securities504 12 30    (167)4 (7)376 4 
Other debt securities carried at fair value – Non-agency residential MBS
119 (4)  (19) (6) (21)69 (3)
Loans and leases (5,6)
253 (9) 9 (54) (100)16 (22)93 (13)
Loans held-for-sale (5,6)
232 24 3  (25) (70)  164 13 
Other assets (6,7)
1,799 211 10 176 (326)104 (319)2  1,657 74 
Trading account liabilities – Equity securities
 1     2 (15) (12)1 
Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities
   and other
(58)(3) (3)(1)(1)24 (35)38 (39)(9)
Short-term borrowings (5)
(14)1   (13)(8)24   (10)(1)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (5)
(32)21  (11)    1 (21)4 
Long-term debt (5)
(862)179 (26)(9)50  47  7 (614)183 
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Trading account assets:     
Corporate securities, trading loans and other
$2,110 $(52)$(2)$1,069 $(384)$— $(606)$1,023 $(774)$2,384 $(78)
Equity securities190 (3)— 45 (25)— (4)38 (96)145 (6)
Non-U.S. sovereign debt396 59 16 54 (4)— (68)75 (10)518 56 
Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS1,527 (254)— 729 (665)— (112)536 (209)1,552 (152)
Total trading account assets4,223 (250)14 1,897 (1,078)— (790)1,672 (1,089)4,599 (180)
Net derivative assets (liabilities) (4)
(2,662)551 — 319 (830)— 294 (180)(385)(2,893)259 
AFS debt securities:       
Non-agency residential MBS316 — (35)— (8)— (75)73 (13)258 — 
Non-U.S. and other taxable securities71 10 (10)126 — — (22)311 (291)195 
Tax-exempt securities52 — — — — (3)— 51 — 
Total AFS debt securities439 10 (44)126 (8)— (100)385 (304)504 
Other debt securities carried at fair value – Non-agency residential MBS
242 (19)— — — — (111)30 (23)119 14 
Loans and leases (5,6)
748 (45)— — (154)82 (129)— (249)253 (21)
Loans held-for-sale (5,6)
317 171 (6)— (271)— 232 19 
Other assets (6,7)
1,572 305 (21)39 (35)208 (271)(3)1,799 213 
Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities
   and other
(11)— (4)— — (2)(46)— (58)1 
Short-term borrowings (5)
— — — (17)— — (3)(14)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (5)
— (23)— (9)— — — — — (32)(7)
Long-term debt (5)
(1,075)(197)82 — 14 (1)57 (24)282 (862)(200)
(1)Assets (liabilities). For assets, increase (decrease) to Level 3 and for liabilities, (increase) decrease to Level 3.
(2)Includes gains (losses) reported in earnings in the following income statement line items: Trading account assets/liabilities - market making and similar activities and other income; Net derivative assets (liabilities) - market making and similar activities and other income; AFS debt securities - other income; Other debt securities carried at fair value - other income; Loans and leases - market making and similar activities and other income; Loans held-for-sale - other income; Other assets - market making and similar activities and other income primarily related to MSRs; Short-term borrowings - market making and similar activities; Accrued expenses and other liabilities - market making and similar activities and other income; Long-term debt - market making and similar activities.
(3)Includes unrealized gains (losses) in OCI on AFS debt securities, foreign currency translation adjustments, derivatives designated in cash flow hedges and the impact of changes in the Corporation’s credit spreads on long-term debt accounted for under the fair value option. Amounts include net unrealized gains (losses) of $(324) million and $28 million related to financial instruments still held at December 31, 2023 and 2022.
(4)Net derivative assets (liabilities) include derivative assets of $3.4 billion and $3.2 billion and derivative liabilities of $5.9 billion and $6.1 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022.
(5)Amounts represent instruments that are accounted for under the fair value option.
(6)Issuances represent loan originations and MSRs recognized following securitizations or whole-loan sales.
(7)Settlements primarily represent the net change in fair value of the MSR asset due to the recognition of modeled cash flows and the passage of time.
Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements (1)
(Dollars in millions)Balance
January 1
Total Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) in Net
 Income (2)
Gains
(Losses)
in OCI (3)
GrossGross
Transfers
into
Level 3
Gross
Transfers
out of
Level 3
Balance
December 31
Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) in Net Income Related to Financial Instruments Still Held (2)
PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlements
Year Ended December 31, 2021
Trading account assets:      
Corporate securities, trading loans and other$1,359 $(17)$— $765 $(437)$— $(327)$1,218 $(451)$2,110 $(79)
Equity securities227 (18)— 103 (68)— — 112 (166)190 (44)
Non-U.S. sovereign debt354 31 (20)18 — — (13)26 — 396 34 
Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS1,440 (58)— 518 (721)(167)771 (263)1,527 (91)
Total trading account assets3,380 (62)(20)1,404 (1,226)(507)2,127 (880)4,223 (180)
Net derivative assets (liabilities) (4)
(3,468)927 — 521 (653)— 293 (74)(208)(2,662)800 
AFS debt securities:       
Non-agency residential MBS378 (11)(111)— (98)— (45)304 (101)316 
Non-U.S. and other taxable securities89 (4)(7)(10)— (4)— (1)71 — 
Tax-exempt securities176 20 — — — — (2)— (142)52 (19)
Total AFS debt securities643 (118)(108)— (51)304 (244)439 (11)
Other debt securities carried at fair value - Non-agency residential MBS267 — — (45)— (37)101 (45)242 10 
Loans and leases (5,6)
717 62 — 59 (13)70 (180)46 (13)748 65 
Loans held-for-sale (5,6)
236 13 (6)132 (1)— (79)26 (4)317 18 
Other assets (6,7)
1,970 26 (202)144 (383)(2)1,572 
Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities and other(16)— — — (1)— — — (11)— 
Long-term debt (5)
(1,164)(92)13 (6)15 (12)98 (65)138 (1,075)(113)
(1)Assets (liabilities). For assets, increase (decrease) to Level 3 and for liabilities, (increase) decrease to Level 3.
(2)Includes gains/losses reported in earnings in the following income statement line items: Trading account assets/liabilities - predominantly market making and similar activities; Net derivative assets (liabilities) - market making and similar activities and other income; AFS debt securities - other income; Other debt securities carried at fair value - other income; Loans and leases - market making and similar activities and other income; Loans held-for-sale - other income; Other assets - market making and similar activities and other income related to MSRs; Long-term debt - market making and similar activities.
(3)Includes unrealized losses in OCI on AFS debt securities, foreign currency translation adjustments and the impact of changes in the Corporation’s credit spreads on long-term debt accounted for under the fair value option. Amounts include net unrealized losses of $19 million related to financial instruments still held at December 31, 2021.
(4)Net derivative assets (liabilities) include derivative assets of $3.1 billion and derivative liabilities of $5.8 billion.
(5)Amounts represent instruments that are accounted for under the fair value option.
(6)Issuances represent loan originations and MSRs recognized following securitizations or whole-loan sales.
(7)Settlements primarily represent the net change in fair value of the MSR asset due to the recognition of modeled cash flows and the passage of time.
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation
The following tables present a reconciliation of all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during 2023, 2022 and 2021, including net realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings and accumulated OCI. Transfers into Level 3 occur primarily due to decreased price observability, and
transfers out of Level 3 occur primarily due to increased price observability. Transfers occur on a regular basis for long-term debt instruments due to changes in the impact of unobservable inputs on the value of the embedded derivative in relation to the instrument as a whole.
Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements (1)
Balance
January 1
Total Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) in Net Income (2)
Gains
(Losses)
in OCI (3)
GrossGross
Transfers
into
Level 3 
Gross
Transfers
out of
Level 3 
Balance
December 31
Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) in Net Income Related to Financial Instruments Still Held (2)
(Dollars in millions)

PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlements
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $$(7)$— $— 
Trading account assets:       
Corporate securities, trading loans and other
2,384 144 2 453 (241)20 (1,029)385 (429)1,689 50 
Equity securities
145 44  39 (52) (61)153 (81)187 (5)
Non-U.S. sovereign debt
518 68 30 64 (23) (259) (2)396 70 
Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS1,552 (50) 263 (417) (241)436 (326)1,217 (71)
Total trading account assets4,599 206 32 819 (733)20 (1,590)974 (838)3,489 44 
Net derivative assets (liabilities) (4)
(2,893)179 (375)1,318 (1,281) (1,575)(8)2,141 (2,494)(857)
AFS debt securities:          
Non-agency residential MBS258 1 23    (9)  273 2 
Non-U.S. and other taxable securities195 10 7    (106)4 (7)103 2 
Tax-exempt securities51 1     (52)    
Total AFS debt securities504 12 30    (167)4 (7)376 4 
Other debt securities carried at fair value – Non-agency residential MBS
119 (4)  (19) (6) (21)69 (3)
Loans and leases (5,6)
253 (9) 9 (54) (100)16 (22)93 (13)
Loans held-for-sale (5,6)
232 24 3  (25) (70)  164 13 
Other assets (6,7)
1,799 211 10 176 (326)104 (319)2  1,657 74 
Trading account liabilities – Equity securities
 1     2 (15) (12)1 
Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities
   and other
(58)(3) (3)(1)(1)24 (35)38 (39)(9)
Short-term borrowings (5)
(14)1   (13)(8)24   (10)(1)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (5)
(32)21  (11)    1 (21)4 
Long-term debt (5)
(862)179 (26)(9)50  47  7 (614)183 
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Trading account assets:     
Corporate securities, trading loans and other
$2,110 $(52)$(2)$1,069 $(384)$— $(606)$1,023 $(774)$2,384 $(78)
Equity securities190 (3)— 45 (25)— (4)38 (96)145 (6)
Non-U.S. sovereign debt396 59 16 54 (4)— (68)75 (10)518 56 
Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS1,527 (254)— 729 (665)— (112)536 (209)1,552 (152)
Total trading account assets4,223 (250)14 1,897 (1,078)— (790)1,672 (1,089)4,599 (180)
Net derivative assets (liabilities) (4)
(2,662)551 — 319 (830)— 294 (180)(385)(2,893)259 
AFS debt securities:       
Non-agency residential MBS316 — (35)— (8)— (75)73 (13)258 — 
Non-U.S. and other taxable securities71 10 (10)126 — — (22)311 (291)195 
Tax-exempt securities52 — — — — (3)— 51 — 
Total AFS debt securities439 10 (44)126 (8)— (100)385 (304)504 
Other debt securities carried at fair value – Non-agency residential MBS
242 (19)— — — — (111)30 (23)119 14 
Loans and leases (5,6)
748 (45)— — (154)82 (129)— (249)253 (21)
Loans held-for-sale (5,6)
317 171 (6)— (271)— 232 19 
Other assets (6,7)
1,572 305 (21)39 (35)208 (271)(3)1,799 213 
Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities
   and other
(11)— (4)— — (2)(46)— (58)1 
Short-term borrowings (5)
— — — (17)— — (3)(14)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (5)
— (23)— (9)— — — — — (32)(7)
Long-term debt (5)
(1,075)(197)82 — 14 (1)57 (24)282 (862)(200)
(1)Assets (liabilities). For assets, increase (decrease) to Level 3 and for liabilities, (increase) decrease to Level 3.
(2)Includes gains (losses) reported in earnings in the following income statement line items: Trading account assets/liabilities - market making and similar activities and other income; Net derivative assets (liabilities) - market making and similar activities and other income; AFS debt securities - other income; Other debt securities carried at fair value - other income; Loans and leases - market making and similar activities and other income; Loans held-for-sale - other income; Other assets - market making and similar activities and other income primarily related to MSRs; Short-term borrowings - market making and similar activities; Accrued expenses and other liabilities - market making and similar activities and other income; Long-term debt - market making and similar activities.
(3)Includes unrealized gains (losses) in OCI on AFS debt securities, foreign currency translation adjustments, derivatives designated in cash flow hedges and the impact of changes in the Corporation’s credit spreads on long-term debt accounted for under the fair value option. Amounts include net unrealized gains (losses) of $(324) million and $28 million related to financial instruments still held at December 31, 2023 and 2022.
(4)Net derivative assets (liabilities) include derivative assets of $3.4 billion and $3.2 billion and derivative liabilities of $5.9 billion and $6.1 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022.
(5)Amounts represent instruments that are accounted for under the fair value option.
(6)Issuances represent loan originations and MSRs recognized following securitizations or whole-loan sales.
(7)Settlements primarily represent the net change in fair value of the MSR asset due to the recognition of modeled cash flows and the passage of time.
Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements (1)
(Dollars in millions)Balance
January 1
Total Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) in Net
 Income (2)
Gains
(Losses)
in OCI (3)
GrossGross
Transfers
into
Level 3
Gross
Transfers
out of
Level 3
Balance
December 31
Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) in Net Income Related to Financial Instruments Still Held (2)
PurchasesSalesIssuancesSettlements
Year Ended December 31, 2021
Trading account assets:      
Corporate securities, trading loans and other$1,359 $(17)$— $765 $(437)$— $(327)$1,218 $(451)$2,110 $(79)
Equity securities227 (18)— 103 (68)— — 112 (166)190 (44)
Non-U.S. sovereign debt354 31 (20)18 — — (13)26 — 396 34 
Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS1,440 (58)— 518 (721)(167)771 (263)1,527 (91)
Total trading account assets3,380 (62)(20)1,404 (1,226)(507)2,127 (880)4,223 (180)
Net derivative assets (liabilities) (4)
(3,468)927 — 521 (653)— 293 (74)(208)(2,662)800 
AFS debt securities:       
Non-agency residential MBS378 (11)(111)— (98)— (45)304 (101)316 
Non-U.S. and other taxable securities89 (4)(7)(10)— (4)— (1)71 — 
Tax-exempt securities176 20 — — — — (2)— (142)52 (19)
Total AFS debt securities643 (118)(108)— (51)304 (244)439 (11)
Other debt securities carried at fair value - Non-agency residential MBS267 — — (45)— (37)101 (45)242 10 
Loans and leases (5,6)
717 62 — 59 (13)70 (180)46 (13)748 65 
Loans held-for-sale (5,6)
236 13 (6)132 (1)— (79)26 (4)317 18 
Other assets (6,7)
1,970 26 (202)144 (383)(2)1,572 
Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities and other(16)— — — (1)— — — (11)— 
Long-term debt (5)
(1,164)(92)13 (6)15 (12)98 (65)138 (1,075)(113)
(1)Assets (liabilities). For assets, increase (decrease) to Level 3 and for liabilities, (increase) decrease to Level 3.
(2)Includes gains/losses reported in earnings in the following income statement line items: Trading account assets/liabilities - predominantly market making and similar activities; Net derivative assets (liabilities) - market making and similar activities and other income; AFS debt securities - other income; Other debt securities carried at fair value - other income; Loans and leases - market making and similar activities and other income; Loans held-for-sale - other income; Other assets - market making and similar activities and other income related to MSRs; Long-term debt - market making and similar activities.
(3)Includes unrealized losses in OCI on AFS debt securities, foreign currency translation adjustments and the impact of changes in the Corporation’s credit spreads on long-term debt accounted for under the fair value option. Amounts include net unrealized losses of $19 million related to financial instruments still held at December 31, 2021.
(4)Net derivative assets (liabilities) include derivative assets of $3.1 billion and derivative liabilities of $5.8 billion.
(5)Amounts represent instruments that are accounted for under the fair value option.
(6)Issuances represent loan originations and MSRs recognized following securitizations or whole-loan sales.
(7)Settlements primarily represent the net change in fair value of the MSR asset due to the recognition of modeled cash flows and the passage of time.
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques
The following tables present information about significant unobservable inputs related to the Corporation’s material categories of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023
(Dollars in millions)Inputs
Financial InstrumentFair
Value
Valuation
Technique
Significant Unobservable
Inputs
Ranges of
Inputs
Weighted Average (1)
Loans and Securities (2)
Instruments backed by residential real estate assets$538 Discounted cash flow, Market comparables Yield
0% to 22%
%
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS109 Prepayment speed
1% to 42% CPR
10% CPR
Loans and leases87 Default rate
0% to 3% CDR
1% CDR
AFS debt securities – Non-agency residential273 Price
$0 to $115
$70
Other debt securities carried at fair value – Non-agency residential69 Loss severity
0% to 100%
27 %
Instruments backed by commercial real estate assets$363 Discounted cash
flow
Yield
0% to 25%
12 %
Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other301 Price
$0 to $100
$75
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS62 
Commercial loans, debt securities and other$3,103 Discounted cash flow, Market comparablesYield
5% to 59%
13 %
Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other
1,388 Prepayment speed
10% to 20%
16 %
Trading account assets – Non-U.S. sovereign debt396 Default rate
3% to 4%
%
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS1,046 Loss severity
35% to 40%
37 %
AFS debt securities – Non-U.S. and other taxable securities103 Price
$0 to $157
$70
Loans and leases
Loans held-for-sale164 
Other assets, primarily auction rate securities$687 Discounted cash flow, Market comparablesPrice
$10 to $95
$85

Discount rate10 %n/a
MSRs$970 Discounted cash
flow
Weighted-average life, fixed rate (5)
0 to 14 years
6 years
Weighted-average life, variable rate (5)
0 to 11 years
3 years
Option-adjusted spread, fixed rate
7% to 14%
%
Option-adjusted spread, variable rate
9% to 15%
12 %
Structured liabilities
Long-term debt $(614)
Discounted cash flow, Market comparables, Industry standard derivative pricing (3)
Yield
58%
n/a
Equity correlation
5% to 97%
25 %
Price
$0 to $100
$90
Natural gas forward price
$1/MMBtu to $7/MMBtu
$4 /MMBtu
Net derivative assets (liabilities)
Credit derivatives$9 Discounted cash flow, Stochastic recovery correlation modelCredit spreads
2 to 79 bps
59 bps
Prepayment speed
15% CPR
n/a
Default rate
 2% CDR
n/a
Credit correlation
22% to 62%
58 %
Price
$0 to $94
$87
Equity derivatives$(1,386)
Industry standard derivative pricing (3)
Equity correlation
0% to 99%
67 %
Long-dated equity volatilities
4% to 102%
34 %
Commodity derivatives$(633)
Discounted cash flow, Industry standard derivative pricing (3)
Natural gas forward price
$1/MMBtu to $7/MMBtu
$4 /MMBtu
Power forward price
$21 to $91
$42
Interest rate derivatives$(484)
Industry standard derivative pricing (4)
Correlation (IR/IR)
(35)% to 89%
65 %
Correlation (FX/IR)
(25)% to 58%
35 %
Long-dated inflation rates
 (1)% to 11%
%
Long-dated inflation volatilities
0% to 5%
%
Interest rate volatilities
0% to 2%
%
Total net derivative assets (liabilities)$(2,494)
(1)For loans and securities, structured liabilities and net derivative assets (liabilities), the weighted average is calculated based upon the absolute fair value of the instruments.
(2)The categories are aggregated based upon product type, which differs from financial statement classification. The following is a reconciliation to the line items in the table on page 153: Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other of $1.7 billion, Trading account assets – Non-U.S. sovereign debt of $396 million, Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS of $1.2 billion, AFS debt securities of $376 million, Other debt securities carried at fair value - Non-agency residential of $69 million, Other assets, including MSRs, of $1.7 billion, Loans and leases of $93 million and LHFS of $164 million.
(3)Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation and Black-Scholes.
(4)Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation, Black-Scholes and other methods that model the joint dynamics of interest, inflation and foreign exchange rates.
(5)The weighted-average life is a product of changes in market rates of interest, prepayment rates and other model and cash flow assumptions.
CPR = Constant Prepayment Rate
CDR = Constant Default Rate
MMBtu = Million British thermal units
IR = Interest Rate
FX = Foreign Exchange
n/a = not applicable
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)Inputs
Financial InstrumentFair
Value
Valuation
Technique
Significant Unobservable
Inputs
Ranges of
Inputs
Weighted Average (1)
Loans and Securities (2)
Instruments backed by residential real estate assets$852 Discounted cash
flow, Market comparables
Yield
0% to 25%
10 %
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS338 
Prepayment speed
0% to 29% CPR
12% CPR
Loans and leases137 Default rate
0% to 3% CDR
1% CDR
AFS debt securities - Non-agency residential258 Price
$0 to $111
$26
Other debt securities carried at fair value - Non-agency residential119 Loss severity
0% to 100%
24 %
Instruments backed by commercial real estate assets$362 Discounted cash
flow
Yield
0% to 25%
10 %
Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other292 Price
$0 to $100
$75
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS66 
Loans held-for-sale
Commercial loans, debt securities and other$4,348 Discounted cash flow, Market comparablesYield
 5% to 43%
15 %
Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other
2,092 
Prepayment speed
10% to 20%
15 %
Trading account assets – Non-U.S. sovereign debt518 Default rate
3% to 4%
%
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS1,148 Loss severity
35% to 40%
38 %
AFS debt securities – Tax-exempt securities51 Price
 $0 to $157
$75
AFS debt securities – Non-U.S. and other taxable securities195 
Loans and leases116 
Loans held-for-sale228 
Other assets, primarily auction rate securities$779 Discounted cash flow, Market comparables
Price
$10 to $97
$94

Discount rate
11%
n/a
MSRs$1,020 Discounted cash
flow
Weighted-average life, fixed rate (5)
0 to 14 years
6 years
Weighted-average life, variable rate (5)
0 to 12 years
4 years
Option-adjusted spread, fixed rate
7% to 14%
%
Option-adjusted spread, variable rate
9% to 15%
12 %
Structured liabilities
Long-term debt $(862)
Discounted cash flow, Market comparables, Industry standard derivative pricing (3)
Yield
 22% to 43%
23 %
Equity correlation
 0% to 95%
69 %
Price
$0 to $119
$90
Natural gas forward price
$3/MMBtu to $13/MMBtu
$9/MMBtu
Net derivative assets (liabilities)
Credit derivatives
$(44)Discounted cash flow, Stochastic recovery correlation modelCredit spreads
3 to 63 bps
22 bps
Upfront points
0 to 100 points
 83 points
Prepayment speed
15% CPR
n/a
Default rate
2% CDR
n/a
Credit correlation
18% to 53%
44 %
Price
$0 to $151
$63
Equity derivatives
$(1,534)
Industry standard derivative pricing (3)
Equity correlation
0% to 100%
73 %
Long-dated equity volatilities
4% to 101%
44 %
Commodity derivatives
$(291)
Discounted cash flow, Industry standard derivative pricing (3)
Natural gas forward price
$3/MMBtu to $13/MMBtu
$8/MMBtu
Power forward price
$9 to $123
$43
Interest rate derivatives
$(1,024)
Industry standard derivative pricing (4)
Correlation (IR/IR)
(35)% to 89%
67 %
Correlation (FX/IR)
11% to 58%
43 %
Long-dated inflation rates
G0% to 39%
%
Long-dated inflation volatilities
0% to 5%
%
Interest rates volatilities
0% to 2%
%
Total net derivative assets (liabilities)$(2,893)
(1)For loans and securities, structured liabilities and net derivative assets (liabilities), the weighted average is calculated based upon the absolute fair value of the instruments.
(2)The categories are aggregated based upon product type, which differs from financial statement classification. The following is a reconciliation to the line items in the table on page 154: Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other of $2.4 billion, Trading account assets – Non-U.S. sovereign debt of $518 million, Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS of $1.6 billion, AFS debt securities of $504 million, Other debt securities carried at fair value - Non-agency residential of $119 million, Other assets, including MSRs, of $1.8 billion, Loans and leases of $253 million and LHFS of $232 million.
(3)Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation and Black-Scholes.
(4)Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation, Black-Scholes and other methods that model the joint dynamics of interest, inflation and foreign exchange rates.
(5)The weighted-average life is a product of changes in market rates of interest, prepayment rates and other model and cash flow assumptions.
CPR = Constant Prepayment Rate
CDR = Constant Default Rate
MMBtu = Million British thermal units
IR = Interest Rate
FX = Foreign Exchange
n/a = not applicable
Fair Value Measurements, Nonrecurring The amounts below represent assets still held as of the reporting date for which a nonrecurring fair value adjustment was recorded during 2023, 2022 and 2021.
Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)
 
Level 2Level 3Level 2Level 3
Assets   
Loans held-for-sale$77 $2,793 $1,979 $3,079 
Loans and leases (1)
 153 — 166 
Foreclosed properties (2, 3)
 48 — 
Other assets (4)
31 898 88 165 
Gains (Losses)
202320222021
Assets   
Loans held-for-sale$(246)$(387)$(44)
Loans and leases (1)
(45)(48)(60)
Foreclosed properties(6)(6)(2)
Other assets(252)(91)(492)
(1)Includes $10 million, $15 million and $24 million of losses on loans that were written down to a collateral value of zero during 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
(2)Amounts are included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and represent the carrying value of foreclosed properties that were written down subsequent to their initial classification as foreclosed properties. Losses on foreclosed properties include losses recorded during the first 90 days after transfer of a loan to foreclosed properties.
(3)Excludes $31 million and $60 million of properties acquired upon foreclosure of certain government-guaranteed loans (principally FHA-insured loans) at December 31, 2023 and 2022.
(4)Represents the fair value of certain impaired renewable energy investments.
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Nonrecurring Basis, Valuation Techniques
The table below presents information about significant unobservable inputs utilized in the Corporation's nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements at December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Quantitative Information about Nonrecurring Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Inputs
Financial InstrumentFair ValueValuation
Technique
Significant Unobservable
Inputs
Ranges of
Inputs
Weighted
Average (1)
(Dollars in millions)Year Ended December 31, 2023
Loans held-for-sale$2,793 Pricing modelImplied yield
7% to 23%
n/a
Loans and leases (2)
153 Market comparablesOREO discount
10% to 66%
26 %
Costs to sell
8% to 24%
%
Other assets (3)
898 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate%n/a
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Loans held-for-sale$3,079 Pricing modelImplied yield
9% to 24%
n/a
Loans and leases (2)
166 Market comparablesOREO discount
10% to 66%
26 %
Costs to sell
8% to 24%
%
Other assets (3)
165Discounted cash flowDiscount rate%n/a
(1)The weighted average is calculated based upon the fair value of the loans.
(2)Represents residential mortgages where the loan has been written down to the fair value of the underlying collateral.
(3)Represents the fair value of certain impaired renewable energy investments.
n/a = not applicable