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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
The components of income tax expense for 2022, 2021 and 2020 are presented in the table below.
Income Tax Expense
(Dollars in millions)202220212020
Current income tax expense   
U.S. federal$1,157 $1,076 $1,092 
U.S. state and local389 775 1,076 
Non-U.S. 1,156 985 670 
Total current expense2,702 2,836 2,838 
Deferred income tax expense   
U.S. federal110 962 (799)
U.S. state and local254 491 (233)
Non-U.S. 375 (2,291)(705)
Total deferred expense739 (838)(1,737)
Total income tax expense$3,441 $1,998 $1,101 
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation A reconciliation of the expected U.S. federal income tax expense, calculated by applying the federal statutory tax rate, to the Corporation’s actual income tax expense, and the effective tax rates for 2022, 2021 and 2020 are presented in the following table.
Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense
 AmountPercentAmountPercentAmountPercent
(Dollars in millions)202220212020
Expected U.S. federal income tax expense$6,504 21.0 %$7,135 21.0 %$3,989 21.0 %
Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from:
State tax expense, net of federal benefit756 2.4 1,087 3.2 728 3.8 
Affordable housing/energy/other credits(3,698)(11.9)(3,795)(11.2)(2,869)(15.1)
Tax-exempt income, including dividends(273)(0.9)(352)(1.0)(346)(1.8)
Changes in prior-period UTBs, including interest(273)(0.9)(155)(0.5)(41)(0.2)
Rate differential on non-U.S. earnings368 1.2 45 0.1 218 1.1 
Nondeductible expenses352 1.1 206 0.6 324 1.7 
Tax law changes186 0.6 (2,050)(6.0)(699)(3.7)
Other(481)(1.5)(123)(0.3)(203)(1.0)
Total income tax expense $3,441 11.1 %$1,998 5.9 %$1,101 5.8 %
Reconciliation of Change in Unrecognized Tax Benefits
The reconciliation of the beginning unrecognized tax benefits (UTB) balance to the ending balance is presented in the table below.
Reconciliation of the Change in Unrecognized Tax Benefits
(Dollars in millions)202220212020
Balance, January 1$1,322 $1,340 $1,175 
Increases related to positions taken during the current year
121 208 238 
Increases related to positions taken during prior years (1)
167 265 99 
Decreases related to positions taken during prior years (1)
(289)(413)(172)
Settlements(99)(23)— 
Expiration of statute of limitations(166)(55)— 
Balance, December 31$1,056 $1,322 $1,340 
(1)    The sum of the positions taken during prior years differs from the $(273) million, $(155) million and $(41) million in the Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense table due to temporary items, state items and jurisdictional offsets, as well as the inclusion of interest in the Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense table.
Summary of Income Tax Examinations The table below summarizes the status of examinations by major jurisdiction for the Corporation and various subsidiaries at December 31, 2022.
Tax Examination Status
Years under
Examination (1)
Status at December 31 2022
United States2017-2021Field Examination
California2012-2014Appeals
California2015-2017Field Examination
California2018-2020To begin in 2023
New York2019-2021To begin in 2023
United Kingdom (2)
2019-2020Field Examination
(1)    All tax years subsequent to the years shown remain subject to examination.
(2) Field examination for tax year 2021 to begin in 2023.
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities Significant components of the Corporation’s net deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2022 and 2021 are presented in the following table.
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
 December 31
(Dollars in millions)20222021
Deferred tax assets  
Net operating loss carryforwards$9,029 $9,360 
Security, loan and debt valuations4,788 2,746 
Allowance for credit losses3,503 3,097 
Lease liability2,443 2,508 
Employee compensation and retirement benefits1,625 1,392 
Accrued expenses1,143 1,626 
Available-for-sale securities960 — 
Credit carryforwards769 705 
Other1,371 1,160 
Gross deferred tax assets25,631 22,594 
Valuation allowance(2,133)(1,988)
Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation
   allowance
23,498 20,606 
  
Deferred tax liabilities
Equipment lease financing2,432 3,083 
Right-of-use asset2,303 2,358 
ESG-related tax credit investments1,759 1,387 
Fixed Assets1,200 2,082 
Available-for-sale securities
 1,016 
Other2,459 1,527 
Gross deferred tax liabilities10,153 11,453 
Net deferred tax assets$13,345 $9,153 
Schedule of Operating Loss Carryforwards The table below summarizes the deferred tax assets and related valuation allowances recognized for the net operating loss (NOL) and tax credit carryforwards at December 31, 2022.
Net Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforward Deferred Tax Assets
(Dollars in millions)Deferred
Tax Asset
Valuation
Allowance
Net
Deferred
Tax Asset
First Year
Expiring
Net operating losses - U.K. (1)
$7,661 $— $7,661 None
Net operating losses - other non-U.S. 
331 (147)184 Various
Net operating losses - U.S. states (2)
1,036 (627)409 Various
Foreign tax credits769 (769) After 2028
(1)Represents U.K. broker-dealer net operating losses that may be carried forward indefinitely.
(2)The net operating losses and related valuation allowances for U.S. states before considering the benefit of federal deductions were $1.3 billion and $794 million.
Summary of Tax Credit Carryforwards The table below summarizes the deferred tax assets and related valuation allowances recognized for the net operating loss (NOL) and tax credit carryforwards at December 31, 2022.
Net Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforward Deferred Tax Assets
(Dollars in millions)Deferred
Tax Asset
Valuation
Allowance
Net
Deferred
Tax Asset
First Year
Expiring
Net operating losses - U.K. (1)
$7,661 $— $7,661 None
Net operating losses - other non-U.S. 
331 (147)184 Various
Net operating losses - U.S. states (2)
1,036 (627)409 Various
Foreign tax credits769 (769) After 2028
(1)Represents U.K. broker-dealer net operating losses that may be carried forward indefinitely.
(2)The net operating losses and related valuation allowances for U.S. states before considering the benefit of federal deductions were $1.3 billion and $794 million.