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Segment and Geographic Information
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment And Geographic Information Segment and Geographic Information
As discussed in Note 1, prior period results have been reclassified to conform to the current period segment presentation.

The Company’s operations are organized, managed, and classified into three reportable business segments:  Ag Services and Oilseeds, Carbohydrate Solutions, and Nutrition. Each of these segments is organized based upon the nature of products and services offered. The Company’s remaining operations are not reportable segments, as defined by the applicable accounting standard, and are classified as Other Business.
The Ag Services and Oilseeds segment includes global activities related to the origination, merchandising, transportation, and storage of agricultural raw materials, and the crushing and further processing of oilseeds such as soybeans and soft seeds (cottonseed, sunflower seed, canola, rapeseed, and flaxseed) into vegetable oils and protein meals. Oilseeds products produced and marketed by the segment include ingredients for food, feed, energy, and industrial customers. Crude vegetable oils produced by the segment’s crushing activities are sold “as is” to manufacturers of renewable green diesel and other customers or are further processed by refining, blending, bleaching, and deodorizing into salad oils. Salad oils are sold “as is” or are further processed by hydrogenating and/or interesterifying into margarine, shortening, and other food products. Partially refined oils are used to produce biodiesel and glycols or are sold to other manufacturers for use in chemicals, paints, and other industrial products. Oilseed protein meals are principally sold to third parties to be used as ingredients in commercial livestock and poultry feeds. The Ag Services and Oilseeds segment is also a major supplier of peanuts and peanut-derived ingredients to both the U.S. and export markets. In North America, cotton cellulose pulp is manufactured and sold to the chemical, paper, and other industrial markets. The Ag Services and Oilseeds segment’s grain sourcing, handling, and transportation network (including barge, ocean-going vessel, truck, rail, and container freight services) provides reliable and efficient services to the Company’s customers and agricultural processing operations. The Ag Services and Oilseeds segment also includes agricultural commodity and feed product import, export, and global distribution, and structured trade finance activities. Structured trade finance’s activities include programs under which ADM prepays financial institutions, on a discounted basis, U.S. dollar-denominated letters of credit based on underlying commodity trade flows. This segment also includes the Company’s share of the results of its equity investment in Wilmar and its share of the results of its Pacificor, Stratas Foods LLC, Edible Oils Limited, Olenex Sarl, and SoyVen joint ventures. In August 2020, the Company sold a portion of its shares in Wilmar, decreasing its ownership interest from 24.8% as of December 31, 2019 to 22.2% as of December 31, 2020.

The Carbohydrate Solutions segment is engaged in corn and wheat wet and dry milling and other activities. The Carbohydrate Solutions segment converts corn and wheat into products and ingredients used in the food and beverage industry including sweeteners, corn and wheat starches, syrup, glucose, wheat flour, and dextrose. Dextrose and starch are used by the Carbohydrate Solutions segment as feedstocks in other downstream processes. By fermentation of dextrose, the Carbohydrate Solutions segment produces alcohol and other food and animal feed ingredients. Ethyl alcohol is produced by the Company for industrial use in products such as hand sanitizers, as ethanol, or as beverage grade. Ethanol, in gasoline, increases octane and is used as an extender and oxygenate. Corn gluten feed and meal, as well as distillers’ grains, are produced for use as animal feed ingredients. Corn germ, a by-product of the wet milling process, is further processed into vegetable oil and protein meal. Other Carbohydrate Solutions products include citric acids which are used in various food and industrial products. This segment also includes the Company’s share of the results of its equity investments in Hungrana Ltd., Almidones Mexicanos S.A., Red Star Yeast Company, LLC, and Aston Foods and Food Ingredients.

The Nutrition segment serves various end markets including food, beverages, nutritional supplements, and feed and premix for livestock, aquaculture, and pet food. The segment engages in the manufacturing, sale, and distribution of a wide array of ingredients and solutions including plant-based proteins, natural flavors, flavor systems, natural colors, emulsifiers, soluble fiber, polyols, hydrocolloids, probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, botanical extracts, and other specialty food and feed ingredients. The Nutrition segment includes the activities related to the procurement, processing, and distribution of edible beans. The segment also includes activities related to the processing and distribution of formula feeds and animal health and nutrition products and the manufacture of contract and private label pet treats and foods. In January 2020, ADM acquired Yerbalatina, a natural plant-based extracts and ingredients manufacturer. In October 2020, the Company formally launched PlantPlus Foods, a 30% joint venture with Marfrig, one of the world’s leading beef producers and the world’s largest beef patty producer, that will offer a wide range of finished plant-based food products across North and South America, and entered into an agreement with Spiber Inc. (Spiber) to expand the production of Spiber’s innovative Brewed Protein™ polymers for use in apparel and other consumer products..

Other Business includes the Company’s financial business units related to futures commission and insurance activities.
Intersegment sales have been recorded at amounts approximating market. Operating profit for each segment is based on net sales less identifiable operating expenses. Also included in operating profit for each segment is equity in earnings of affiliates based on the equity method of accounting. Specified items included in total segment operating profit and certain corporate items are not allocated to the Company’s individual business segments because operating performance of each business segment is evaluated by management exclusive of these items. Corporate results principally include the impact of LIFO-related adjustments, unallocated corporate expenses, interest cost net of investment income, the results of early-stage start-up companies that ADM Ventures has investments in, and the Company’s share of the results of its equity investment in CIP, which was sold in December 2019.

Segment Information
 Year Ended
(In millions)December 31
 202020192018
Gross revenues
Ag Services and Oilseeds$55,667 $54,633 $56,591 
Carbohydrate Solutions9,423 11,154 11,421 
Nutrition5,959 5,786 3,836 
Other367 352 381 
Intersegment elimination(7,061)(7,269)(7,888)
Total$64,355 $64,656 $64,341 
Intersegment revenues 
Ag Services and Oilseeds$5,951 $5,892 $6,700 
Carbohydrate Solutions951 1,268 1,142 
Nutrition159 109 46 
Total$7,061 $7,269 $7,888 
Revenues from external customers
Ag Services and Oilseeds
Ag Services$32,726 $31,705 $31,766 
Crushing9,593 9,479 10,319 
Refined Products and Other7,397 7,557 7,806 
Total Ag Services and Oilseeds49,716 48,741 49,891 
Carbohydrate Solutions
Starches and Sweeteners6,387 6,854 6,922 
Vantage Corn Processors 2,085 3,032 3,357 
Total Carbohydrate Solutions8,472 9,886 10,279 
Nutrition
Human Nutrition2,812 2,745 2,571 
Animal Nutrition2,988 2,932 1,219 
Total Nutrition5,800 5,677 3,790 
Other367 352 381 
Total$64,355 $64,656 $64,341 
 Year Ended
(In millions)December 31
 202020192018
Depreciation 
Ag Services and Oilseeds$351 $361 $372 
Carbohydrate Solutions305 320 328 
Nutrition114 113 80 
Other6 6 6 
Corporate27 27 26 
Total$803 $827 $812 
Long-lived asset abandonments and write-downs(1)
Ag Services and Oilseeds$8 $130 $40 
Carbohydrate Solutions— 1 — 
Nutrition13 — 11 
Corporate7 — 49 
Total$28 $131 $100 
Interest income
Ag Services and Oilseeds$39 $51 $45 
Carbohydrate Solutions— — 1 
Nutrition2 1 2 
Other40 125 100 
Corporate7 15 14 
Total$88 $192 $162 
Equity in earnings of affiliates
Ag Services and Oilseeds$475 $378 $421 
Carbohydrate Solutions81 60 62 
Nutrition22 17 17 
Corporate1 (1)18 
Total$579 $454 $518 
(1) See Note 18 for total asset impairment, exit, and restructuring costs.
 Year Ended
(In millions)December 31
 202020192018
Segment Operating Profit
Ag Services and Oilseeds$2,105 $1,935 $2,020 
Carbohydrate Solutions717 644 945 
Nutrition574 418 339 
Other52 85 58 
Specified Items:
Gain on sales of assets and businesses(1)
83 12 13 
Impairment, restructuring, exit, and settlement charges(2)
(76)(146)(102)
Total segment operating profit3,455 2,948 3,273 
Corporate(1,572)(1,360)(1,213)
Earnings before income taxes$1,883 $1,588 $2,060 
(1) The gain in 2020 consisted of a gain on the sale of a portion of the Company’s shares in Wilmar and certain other assets. The gain in 2019 consisted of a gain on the sale of certain assets and a step-up gain on an equity investment. The gain in 2018 related to the sale of the Company’s oilseeds operations in Bolivia and certain other assets.

(2) The charges in 2020 related to the impairment of certain assets, restructuring, and settlement. The charges in 2019 primarily related to the impairment of certain assets. The charges in 2018 related to the impairment of certain assets, restructuring, and settlement.
.
(In millions)December 31
20202019
Investments in and advances to affiliates
Ag Services and Oilseeds$4,402 $4,662 
Carbohydrate Solutions392 363 
Nutrition102 98 
Corporate17 9 
Total$4,913 $5,132 
Identifiable assets
Ag Services and Oilseeds$24,792 $21,397 
Carbohydrate Solutions5,963 6,032 
Nutrition8,652 8,622 
Other7,152 5,661 
Corporate3,160 2,285 
Total$49,719 $43,997 
(In millions)Year Ended December 31
 20202019
Gross additions to property, plant, and equipment 
Ag Services and Oilseeds$261 $271 
Carbohydrate Solutions251 275 
Nutrition149 166 
Other8 2 
Corporate148 103 
Total$817 $817 
 
Geographic information:  The following geographic data include revenues attributed to the countries based on the location of the subsidiary making the sale and long-lived assets based on physical location.  Long-lived assets represent the net book value of property, plant, and equipment.
 
Year Ended
(In millions)December 31
 202020192018
Revenues 
United States$25,986 $27,509 $28,726 
Switzerland13,819 13,016 12,911 
Cayman Islands3,958 4,374 5,724 
Brazil2,357 2,381 1,702 
Mexico2,244 2,068 1,627 
Germany1,979 2,026 2,179 
Other Foreign14,012 13,282 11,472 
 $64,355 $64,656 $64,341 
(In millions)December 31
20202019
Long-lived assets
United States$6,329 $6,488 
Brazil781 869 
Other Foreign2,841 2,749 
 $9,951 $10,106