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Segment and Geographic Information
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment And Geographic Information Segment and Geographic Information

Effective July 1, 2019, the Company changed its segment reporting to reflect the creation of the combined Ag Services and Oilseeds segment. The former Origination and Oilseeds businesses were merged into a combined Ag Services and Oilseeds segment which enables the Company to better respond to market changes by integrating the supply and value chains and risk management, while delivering significant simplification and efficiency to the day-to-day business. As part of the Company’s efforts for a streamlined management structure, the combined segment is led by the former President of Oilseeds expanding his role to President of Ag Services and Oilseeds.

Prior period results have been reclassified to conform to the current period segment presentation.

The Company’s operations are organized, managed, and classified into three reportable business segments:  Ag Services and Oilseeds, Carbohydrate Solutions, and Nutrition. Each of these segments is organized based upon the nature of products and services offered. The Company’s remaining operations are not reportable segments, as defined by the applicable accounting standard, and are classified as Other.

The Ag Services and Oilseeds segment includes global activities related to the origination, merchandising, transportation, and storage of agricultural raw materials, and the crushing and further processing of oilseeds such as soybeans and soft seeds (cottonseed, sunflower seed, canola, rapeseed, and flaxseed) into vegetable oils and protein meals. Oilseeds products produced and marketed by the segment include ingredients for food, feed, energy, and industrial customers. Crude vegetable oils produced by the segment’s crushing activities are sold “as is” or are further processed by refining, blending, bleaching, and deodorizing into salad oils. Salad oils are sold “as is” or are further processed by hydrogenating and/or interesterifying into margarine, shortening, and other food products. Partially refined oils are used to produce biodiesel and glycols or are sold to other manufacturers for use in chemicals, paints, and other industrial products. Oilseed protein meals are principally sold to third parties to be used as ingredients in commercial livestock and poultry feeds. The Ag Services and Oilseeds segment is also a major supplier of peanuts, tree nuts, and peanut-derived ingredients to both the U.S. and export markets. In North America, cotton cellulose pulp is manufactured and sold to the chemical, paper, and other industrial markets. The Ag Services and Oilseeds segment's grain sourcing, handling, and transportation network (including barge, ocean-going vessel, truck, rail, and container freight services) provides reliable and efficient services to the Company's customers and agricultural processing operations. The Ag Services and Oilseeds segment also includes agricultural commodity and feed product import, export, and global distribution, and structured trade finance activities. This segment also includes the Company's share of the results of its equity investment in Wilmar and its share of the results of its Pacificor, Stratas Foods LLC, Edible Beans Oils Limited, Olenex, and SoyVen joint ventures. In February 2019, the Company purchased the remaining 50% interest owned by InVivo Group in the Gleadell Agriculture Ltd. joint venture located in the United Kingdom.

The Carbohydrate Solutions segment is engaged in corn and wheat wet and dry milling and other activities. The Carbohydrate Solutions segment converts corn and wheat into products and ingredients used in the food and beverage industry including sweeteners, corn and wheat starches, syrup, glucose, wheat flour, and dextrose. Dextrose and starch are used by the Carbohydrate Solutions segment as feedstocks for its bioproducts operations. By fermentation of dextrose, the Carbohydrate Solutions segment produces alcohol and other food and animal feed ingredients. Ethyl alcohol is produced by the Company for industrial use as ethanol or as beverage grade. Ethanol, in gasoline, increases octane and is used as an extender and oxygenate. Corn gluten feed and meal, as well as distillers’ grains, are produced for use as animal feed ingredients. Corn germ, a by-product of the wet milling process, is further processed into vegetable oil and protein meal. Other Carbohydrate Solutions products include citric acids which are used in various food and industrial products. This segment also includes the Company’s share of the results of its equity investments in Hungrana Ltd., Almidones Mexicanos S.A., Red Star Yeast Company, LLC, and Aston Foods and Food Ingredients.







The Nutrition segment serves customer needs for food, beverages, health and wellness, and more. The segment engages in the manufacturing, sale, and distribution of a wide array of products from nature including plant-based proteins, natural flavor ingredients, flavor systems, natural colors, emulsifiers, soluble fiber, polyols, hydrocolloids, natural health and nutrition products including probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, and botanical extracts, and other specialty food and feed ingredients. The Nutrition segment includes the activities related to the procurement, processing, and distribution of edible beans. The Nutrition segment also includes activities related to the processing and distribution of formula feeds and animal health and nutrition products and the manufacture of contract and private label pet treats and foods. In 2019, ADM completed the acquisitions of Neovia, a French-based global provider of value-added animal nutrition solutions, with 72 production facilities and a presence in 25 countries; FCC, one of the world’s largest producers of citrus oils and ingredients; and Ziegler, a leading European provider of natural citrus flavor ingredients.

Other includes the Company’s financial business units related to futures commission and insurance activities. On May 1, 2017, the Company completed the sale of its crop risk services business to Validus Holdings, a global group of insurance and reinsurance companies.

Intersegment sales have been recorded at amounts approximating market. Operating profit for each segment is based on net sales less identifiable operating expenses. Also included in operating profit for each segment is equity in earnings of affiliates based on the equity method of accounting. Specified items included in total segment operating profit and certain corporate items are not allocated to the Company’s individual business segments because operating performance of each business segment is evaluated by management exclusive of these items. Corporate results principally include the impact of LIFO-related adjustments, unallocated corporate expenses, interest cost net of investment income, and the Company’s share of the results of its equity investment in CIP, which was sold in December 2019.






Segment Information
 
Year Ended
(In millions)
December 31
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Gross revenues
 
 
 
 
 
Ag Services and Oilseeds
$
54,633

 
$
56,591

 
$
52,217

Carbohydrate Solutions
11,154

 
11,421

 
11,314

Nutrition
5,786

 
3,836

 
3,562

Other
352

 
381

 
387

Intersegment elimination
(7,269
)
 
(7,888
)
 
(6,652
)
Total
$
64,656

 
$
64,341

 
$
60,828

 
 
 
 
 
 
Intersegment revenues
 
 
 
 
 

Ag Services and Oilseeds
$
5,892

 
$
6,700

 
$
5,705

Carbohydrate Solutions
1,268

 
1,142

 
908

Nutrition
109

 
46

 
39

Total
$
7,269

 
$
7,888

 
$
6,652

 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues from external customers
 
 
 
 
 
Ag Services and Oilseeds
 
 
 
 
 
Ag Services
$
31,705

 
$
31,766

 
$
29,124

Crushing
9,479

 
10,319

 
9,265

Refined Products and Other
7,557

 
7,806

 
8,123

Total Ag Services and Oilseeds
48,741

 
49,891

 
46,512

 
 
 
 
 
 
Carbohydrate Solutions
 
 
 
 
 
Starches and Sweeteners
6,692

 
6,696

 
6,565

Bioproducts
3,194

 
3,583

 
3,841

Total Carbohydrate Solutions
9,886

 
10,279

 
10,406

 
 
 
 
 
 
Nutrition
 
 
 
 
 
Wild Flavors and Specialty Ingredients
2,745

 
2,571

 
2,367

Animal Nutrition
2,932

 
1,219

 
1,156

Total Nutrition
5,677

 
3,790

 
3,523

 
 
 
 
 
 
Other
352

 
381

 
387

Total
$
64,656

 
$
64,341

 
$
60,828

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year Ended
(In millions)
December 31
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Depreciation
 
 
 
 
 

Ag Services and Oilseeds
$
361

 
$
372

 
$
370

Carbohydrate Solutions
320

 
328

 
322

Nutrition
113

 
80

 
75

Other
6

 
6

 
6

Corporate
27

 
26

 
29

Total
$
827

 
$
812

 
$
802

 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-lived asset abandonments and write-downs(1)
 
 
 
 
 
Ag Services and Oilseeds
$
130

 
$
40

 
$
17

Carbohydrate Solutions
1

 
—

 
63

Nutrition
—

 
11

 
21

Corporate
—

 
49

 
—

Total
$
131

 
$
100

 
$
101

 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
 
 
 
 
 
Ag Services and Oilseeds
$
51

 
$
45

 
$
39

Carbohydrate Solutions
—

 
1

 
1

Nutrition
1

 
2

 
2

Other
125

 
100

 
57

Corporate
15

 
14

 
7

Total
$
192

 
$
162

 
$
106

 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity in earnings of affiliates
 
 
 
 
 
Ag Services and Oilseeds
$
378

 
$
421

 
$
391

Carbohydrate Solutions
60

 
62

 
78

Nutrition
17

 
17

 
14

Corporate
(1
)
 
18

 
(27
)
Total
$
454

 
$
518

 
$
456

 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) See Note 18 for total asset impairment, exit, and restructuring costs.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year Ended
(In millions)
December 31
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Segment Operating Profit
 
 
 
 
 
Ag Services and Oilseeds
$
1,935

 
$
2,020

 
$
1,229

Carbohydrate Solutions
644

 
945

 
1,078

Nutrition
418

 
339

 
312

Other
85

 
58

 
51

Specified Items:
 
 
 
 
 
Gains on sales of assets and businesses(1)
12

 
13

 
22

Impairment, restructuring, exit, and settlement charges(2)
(146
)
 
(102
)
 
(160
)
Hedge timing effects(3)
—

 
—

 
4

Total segment operating profit
2,948

 
3,273

 
2,536

Corporate
(1,360
)
 
(1,213
)
 
(927
)
Earnings before income taxes
$
1,588

 
$
2,060

 
$
1,609

 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) The gains in 2019 consisted of a gain on the sale of certain assets and a step-up gain on an equity investment.The gains in 2018 related to the sale of businesses and assets. The gains in 2017 related to the sale of the crop risk services business and disposals of other individually insignificant assets in the ordinary course of business, partially offset by an adjustment of the proceeds of the 2015 sale of the cocoa business.

(2) The charges in 2019 primarily related to the impairment of certain long-lived assets.The charges in 2018 consisted of impairment of certain assets, restructuring, and settlement charges. The charges in 2017 consisted of asset impairments related to the closure of a facility and the reconfiguration of the Company’s Peoria, Illinois ethanol complex, settlement charges, and several individually insignificant asset impairments and restructuring charges.

(3) Hedge timing effects relate to hedge ineffectiveness associated with documented hedge programs.
(In millions)
December 31
 
2019
 
2018
Investments in and advances to affiliates
 
 
 
Ag Services and Oilseeds
$
4,662

 
$
4,549

Carbohydrate Solutions
363

 
375

Nutrition
98

 
63

Corporate
9

 
330

Total
$
5,132

 
$
5,317

 
 
 
 
Identifiable assets
 
 
 
Ag Services and Oilseeds
$
21,927

 
$
20,656

Carbohydrate Solutions
6,044

 
5,895

Nutrition
8,622

 
7,158

Other
5,661

 
5,131

Corporate
1,743

 
1,993

Total
$
43,997

 
$
40,833

 
 
 
 
(In millions)
December 31
 
2019
 
2018
Gross additions to property, plant, and equipment
 
 
 
Ag Services and Oilseeds
$
271

 
$
316

Carbohydrate Solutions
275

 
267

Nutrition
166

 
182

Other
2

 
3

Corporate
103

 
77

Total
$
817

 
$
845

 


















Geographic information:  The following geographic data include revenues attributed to the countries based on the location of the subsidiary making the sale and long-lived assets based on physical location.  Long-lived assets represent the net book value of property, plant, and equipment.
 
 
Year Ended
(In millions)
December 31
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
United States
$
27,509

 
$
28,726

 
$
27,894

Switzerland
13,016

 
12,911

 
14,095

Cayman Islands
4,374

 
5,724

 
4,189

Brazil
2,381

 
1,702

 
1,589

Germany
2,026

 
2,179

 
2,090

Other Foreign
15,350

 
13,099

 
10,971

 
$
64,656

 
$
64,341

 
$
60,828

 
 
 
 
 
 

(In millions)
December 31
 
2019
 
2018
Long-lived assets
 
 
 
United States
$
6,488

 
$
6,615

Brazil
869

 
802

Other Foreign
2,749

 
2,536

 
$
10,106

 
$
9,953