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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

The majority of the Company’s derivative instruments have not been designated as hedging instruments. The Company uses exchange-traded futures and exchange-traded and OTC options contracts to manage its net position of merchandisable agricultural commodity inventories and forward cash purchase and sales contracts to reduce price risk caused by market fluctuations in agricultural commodities and foreign currencies.  The Company also uses exchange-traded futures and exchange-traded and OTC options contracts as components of merchandising strategies designed to enhance margins. The results of these strategies can be significantly impacted by factors such as the correlation between the value of exchange-traded commodities futures contracts and the value of the underlying commodities, counterparty contract defaults, and volatility of freight markets. Derivatives, including exchange-traded contracts and physical purchase or sale contracts, are stated at market value and inventories of certain merchandisable agricultural commodities, which include amounts acquired under deferred pricing contracts, are stated at market value.  Inventory is not a derivative and therefore fair values of and changes in fair values of inventories are not included in the tables below.
  
The following table sets forth the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.

 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
(In millions)
 
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FX Contracts
$
108

 
$
150

 
$
186

 
$
150

Commodity Contracts
867

 
934

 
690

 
776

Total
$
975

 
$
1,084

 
$
876

 
$
926


The following tables set forth the pre-tax gains (losses) on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments that have been included in the consolidated statements of earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014.

 
Three months ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
FX Contracts
 

 
 

Revenues
$
(12
)
 
$
(2
)
Cost of products sold
6

 
44

Other income (expense) – net
31

 
(15
)
 
 
 
 
Commodity Contracts
 

 
 

Cost of products sold
$
(251
)
 
$
405

Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings
$
(226
)
 
$
432

 
Six months ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
(In millions)
FX Contracts
 

 
 

Revenues
$
8

 
$
(8
)
Cost of products sold
(63
)
 
88

Other income (expense) – net
8

 
(24
)
 
 
 
 
Commodity Contracts
 

 
 

Cost of products sold
$
(13
)
 
$
(507
)
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings
$
(60
)
 
$
(451
)

Inventories of certain merchandisable agricultural commodities, which include amounts acquired under deferred pricing contracts, are stated at market value. Changes in the market value of inventories of certain merchandisable agricultural commodities, forward cash purchase and sales contracts, exchange-traded futures and exchange-traded and OTC options contracts are recognized in earnings immediately.

Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow or Fair Value Hedging Strategies

As of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company has certain derivatives designated as cash flow and fair value hedges.

The Company uses interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges to protect the fair value of fixed-rate debt due to changes in interest rates. The changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps and the underlying fixed-rate debt are recorded in other (income) expense - net. The terms of the interest rate swaps match the terms of the underlying debt resulting in no ineffectiveness. At June 30, 2015, the Company has $20 million in other current assets representing the fair value of the interest rate swaps and a corresponding increase in the underlying debt for the same amount with no impact to earnings.
For each of the commodity hedge programs described below, the derivatives are designated as cash flow hedges.  Assuming normal market conditions, the changes in the market value of such derivative contracts have historically been, and are expected to continue to be, highly effective at offsetting changes in price movements of the hedged item.  Once the hedged item is recognized in earnings, the gains/losses arising from the hedge are reclassified from AOCI to either revenues or cost of products sold, as applicable.  As of June 30, 2015, the Company has $22 million of after-tax gains in AOCI related to gains and losses from commodity cash flow hedge transactions.  The Company expects to recognize $21 million of these after-tax gains in its consolidated statement of earnings during the next 12 months.
The Company, from time to time, uses futures or options contracts to fix the purchase price of anticipated volumes of corn to be purchased and processed in a future month.  The objective of this hedging program is to reduce the variability of cash flows associated with the Company’s forecasted purchases of corn.  The Company’s corn processing plants currently grind approximately 76 million bushels of corn per month.  During the past 12 months, the Company hedged between 17% and 60% of its monthly anticipated grind.  At June 30, 2015, the Company has designated hedges representing between 1% and 69% of its anticipated monthly grind of corn for the next 12 months.

The Company, from time to time, also uses futures, options, and swaps to fix the sales price of certain ethanol sales contracts.  The Company has established hedging programs for ethanol sales contracts that are indexed to unleaded gasoline prices and to various exchange-traded ethanol contracts. The objective of these hedging programs is to reduce the variability of cash flows associated with the Company’s sales of ethanol.  During the past 12 months, the Company hedged between 6 million and 95 million gallons of ethanol sales per month under these programs.  For the next 12 months, the Company has designated hedges representing between 0 and 78 million gallons of ethanol sales per month.

The following table sets forth the fair value of derivatives designated as hedging instruments as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.

 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
(In millions)
 
(In millions)
Interest Contracts
$
20

 
$

 
$
21

 
$

Total
$
20

 
$

 
$
21

 
$


The following tables set forth the pre-tax gains (losses) on derivatives designated as hedging instruments that have been included in the consolidated statements of earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014.
 
 
 
 
Three months ended
 
Consolidated Statement of
Earnings Locations
 
June 30,
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
(In millions)
Effective amounts recognized in earnings
 
 
 
 
 
FX Contracts
Other income/expense – net
 
$
5

 
$

Commodity Contracts
Cost of products sold
 
(18
)
 
11

 
Revenues
 
(2
)
 
(58
)
Ineffective amount recognized in earnings
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity Contracts
Revenues
 

 
(1
)

Cost of products sold
 
9

 
(27
)
Interest Contracts
Other income/expense - net
 
1

 

Total amount recognized in earnings
 
 
$
(5
)
 
$
(75
)

 
 
 
Six months ended
 
Consolidated Statement of
Earnings Locations
 
June 30,
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
(In millions)
Effective amounts recognized in earnings
 
 
 
 
 
FX Contracts
Other income/expense – net
 
$
22

 
$

Commodity Contracts
Cost of products sold
 
(18
)
 
7

 
Revenues
 
45

 
(85
)
Ineffective amount recognized in earnings
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity Contracts
Revenues
 
7

 
(24
)

Cost of products sold
 
(4
)
 
(7
)
Interest Contracts
Other income/expense - net
 
1

 

Total amount recognized in earnings
 
 
$
53

 
$
(109
)






Hedge ineffectiveness for commodity contracts results when the change in the price of the underlying commodity in a specific cash market differs from the change in the price of the derivative financial instrument used to establish the hedging relationship.  As an example, if the change in the price of a corn futures contract is strongly correlated to the change in cash price paid for corn, the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is deferred and recognized at the time the corn purchase affects earnings.  If the change in price of the derivative does not strongly correlate to the change in the cash price of corn, in the same example, some portion or all of the derivative gains or losses may be required to be recognized in earnings prior to the corn purchase.

Net Investment Hedging Strategies

In May 2015, the Company designated €1 billion of forward foreign exchange contracts as a hedge of its net investment in a foreign subsidiary. The forward foreign exchange contracts matured when the Euro-denominated Floating Rate Notes and 1.75% Notes (collectively, the “Notes”) was issued on June 24, 2015 (see Note 10 for more information about the Notes). Concurrent with the issuance of the Notes, the Company designated €981 million of the Notes as a hedge of its net investment in a foreign subsidiary. As of June 30, 2015, the Company has $1 million of gains in AOCI related to gains and losses from the net investment hedge transactions. The amount is deferred in AOCI until the underlying investment is divested.

The following tables set forth the changes in AOCI related to derivatives gains (losses) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014.
 
Three months ended
 
June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
(In millions)
Balance at March 31, 2015 and 2014
$
12

 
$
(59
)
Unrealized gains (losses)
23

 
23

Losses (gains) reclassified to earnings
15

 
47

Tax effect
(9
)
 
(23
)
Balance at June 30, 2015 and 2014
$
41

 
$
(12
)

 
Six months ended
 
June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2014 and 2013
$
47

 
$
5

Unrealized gains (losses)
31

 
(105
)
Losses (gains) reclassified to earnings
(49
)
 
78

Tax effect
12

 
10

Balance at June 30, 2015 and 2014
$
41

 
$
(12
)