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Basis and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
BASIS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Description of Business
Aaron’s, Inc. (the "Company" or "Aaron’s") is a leader in the sales and lease ownership and specialty retailing of furniture, consumer electronics, computers, and home appliances and accessories throughout the United States and Canada.
As of September 30, 2016, the Company's major operating divisions are the Aaron’s Sales & Lease Ownership division, Progressive, DAMI and Woodhaven Furniture Industries, which manufactures and supplies the majority of the upholstered furniture and bedding leased and sold in Company-operated and franchised stores. On May 13, 2016, the Company sold its 82 remaining Company-operated HomeSmart stores and ceased operations of that division. See Note 2 for further discussion of the disposition.
Progressive is a leading virtual lease-to-own company that provides lease-purchase solutions in 46 states. It does so by purchasing merchandise from third-party retailers desired by those retailers’ customers and, in turn, leasing that merchandise to the customers on a lease-to-own basis. Progressive consequently has no stores of its own, but rather offers lease-purchase solutions to the customers of traditional retailers. DAMI, which was acquired by Progressive on October 15, 2015, partners with merchants to provide a variety of revolving credit products originated through a third party federally insured bank to customers that may not qualify for traditional prime lending (called "second-look" financing programs).
The following table presents store count by ownership type for the Company's store-based operations:
Stores as of September 30 (Unaudited)
2016
 
2015
Company-operated stores
 
 
 
Sales and Lease Ownership
1,228

 
1,218

HomeSmart

 
82

Total Company-operated stores
1,228

 
1,300

Franchised stores
703

 
764

Systemwide stores
1,931

 
2,064


The following table presents active doors for Progressive:
Active Doors at September 30 (Unaudited)
2016
 
2015
Progressive Active Doors1
15,493

 
12,132

1 An active door is a retail store location at which at least one virtual lease-to-own transaction has been completed during the trailing three month period.
Basis of Presentation
The preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Generally, actual experience has been consistent with management’s prior estimates and assumptions. Management does not believe these estimates or assumptions will change significantly in the future absent unidentified and unforeseen events.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all information required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission for the year ended December 31, 2015 (the "2015 Annual Report"). The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of operating results for the full year.
Principles of Consolidation
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Aaron’s, Inc. and its subsidiaries, each of which is wholly owned. Intercompany balances and transactions between consolidated entities have been eliminated.
Accounting Policies and Estimates
See Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements in the 2015 Annual Report.
Earnings Per Share
Earnings per share is computed by dividing net earnings by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The computation of earnings per share assuming dilution includes the dilutive effect of stock options, restricted stock units and performance share units (collectively, "share-based awards") as determined under the treasury stock method. The following table shows the calculation of dilutive share-based awards for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015:
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
(Shares In Thousands)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Weighted average shares outstanding
72,608

 
72,586

 
72,667

 
72,558

Dilutive effect of share-based awards
591

 
490

 
564

 
408

Weighted average shares outstanding assuming dilution
73,199

 
73,076

 
73,231

 
72,966


During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, there were approximately 1,193,000 and 1,102,000 weighted-average share-based awards, respectively, excluded from the computation for earnings per share assuming dilution because the awards would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, there were approximately 281,000 and 431,000 weighted-average share-based awards, respectively, excluded from the computation for earnings per share assuming dilution because the awards would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented.
Investments
At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, investments classified as held-to-maturity securities consisted of British pound-denominated notes issued by Perfect Home Holdings Limited ("Perfect Home"). Perfect Home is based in the U.K. and operates 57 retail stores as of September 30, 2016. The Perfect Home notes, which totaled £16.1 million ($20.9 million) and £15.1 million ($22.2 million) at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, are classified as held-to-maturity securities because the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold the investments to maturity. The Perfect Home notes are carried at amortized cost in investments in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company amended the terms of the Perfect Home notes, which extended the maturity date from June 30, 2016 to June 30, 2017, increased the interest rate from 10% to 12% and provided the Company with a subordinated security interest in the assets of Perfect Home.
The Company does not intend to sell the aforementioned held-to-maturity securities and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis. The Company has estimated that the carrying amount of its Perfect Home notes approximates fair value and, therefore, no impairment is considered to have occurred as of September 30, 2016.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable consist primarily of receivables due from customers of Company-operated stores and Progressive, corporate receivables incurred during the normal course of business (primarily for in-transit credit card transactions and vendor consideration) and franchisee obligations.
Accounts receivable, net of allowances, consist of the following: 
(In Thousands)
September 30, 2016

December 31, 2015
Customers
$
33,022

 
$
35,153

Corporate
23,054

 
26,175

Franchisee
30,708

 
52,111

 
$
86,784

 
$
113,439


The following table shows the components of the accounts receivable provision for the nine months ended September 30:
(In Thousands)
2016
 
2015
Bad debt expense
$
91,635

 
$
87,817

Provision for returns and uncollected renewal payments
28,045

 
30,081

Accounts receivable provision
$
119,680

 
$
117,898


Refer to Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements in the 2015 Annual Report for information on the Company's accounting policy for the accounts receivable provision.
Lease Merchandise
All lease merchandise is available for lease or sale. On a monthly basis, all damaged, lost or unsalable merchandise identified is written off. The Company records lease merchandise adjustments on the allowance method, which estimates the merchandise losses incurred but not yet identified by management as of the end of the accounting period based on historical write-off experience. As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the allowance for lease merchandise write-offs was $31.9 million and $33.4 million, respectively.
Lease merchandise adjustments was $36.6 million and $38.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $98.6 million and $98.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Lease merchandise adjustments are included in operating expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of earnings.
Loans Receivable, Net
Loans receivable, net represents the principal balances of credit card charges at DAMI's participating merchants that remain outstanding to cardholders, plus unpaid interest and fees due from cardholders, net of an allowance for uncollectible amounts and unamortized fees (which include merchant fees, net of capitalized origination costs, promotional fees and deferred annual card fees).
The Company acquired outstanding credit card loans in the October 15, 2015 DAMI acquisition (the "Acquired Loans"). Loans acquired in a business acquisition are recorded at their fair value at the acquisition date. The projected net cash flows from expected payments of principal, interest, fees and servicing costs and anticipated charge-offs are included in the determination of fair value; therefore, an allowance for loan losses and an amount for unamortized fees are not recognized for the Acquired Loans. The difference, or discount, between the expected cash flows to be received and the fair value of the Acquired Loans is accreted to revenue based on the effective interest method. At each period end, the Company evaluates the appropriateness of the accretable discount on the Acquired Loans based on actual and revised projected future cash receipts.
Assets Held for Sale
Certain properties, consisting of parcels of land and commercial buildings, met the held for sale classification criteria as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. Assets held for sale are recorded at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less estimated cost to sell and are classified within prepaid expenses and other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The carrying amount of the properties held for sale as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 is $9.3 million and $7.0 million, respectively.
On January 29, 2016, the Company sold its corporate headquarters building for cash of $13.6 million, resulting in a gain of $11.1 million, which was recorded to other operating expense (income), net in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 are as follows:
(In Thousands)
Foreign Currency
Balance at January 1, 2016
$
(517
)
Other comprehensive income
445

Balance at September 30, 2016
$
(72
)

There were no reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
Fair Value Measurement
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. To increase the comparability of fair value measures, the following hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation methodologies used to measure fair value:
Level 1—Valuations based on quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.
Level 2—Valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3—Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting the Company's own assumptions, consistent with reasonably available assumptions made by other market participants. These valuations require significant judgment.
The Company measures assets held for sale at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and records impairment charges when they are deemed to be impaired. The Company maintains certain financial assets and liabilities, including investments and fixed-rate long-term debt, that are not measured at fair value but for which fair value is disclosed.
The fair values of the Company’s other current financial assets and liabilities, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable, approximate their carrying values due to their short-term nature. The fair value for the loans receivable, net of allowances, and the revolving credit borrowings also approximate their carrying amounts.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Adopted
Debt Issuance Costs. In April 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, which requires debt issuance costs to be presented in the balance sheet as a deduction from the corresponding debt liability rather than as a separate asset. ASU 2015-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this ASU retrospectively in the first quarter of 2016 and as a result debt issuance costs of $3.7 million at December 31, 2015, previously recognized as an asset in prepaid expenses and other assets, are now classified as a direct deduction from debt in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of that date.
Measurement-Period Adjustments. In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-16, Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments. ASU 2015-16 eliminates the requirement that an acquirer in a business combination account for a measurement-period adjustment retrospectively. Instead, acquirers must recognize measurement-period adjustments during the period in which they determine the adjustment amounts. The adjustment amounts must include the effect on earnings of any amounts the acquirer would have recorded in previous periods if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. ASU 2015-16 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. ASU 2015-16 is applied prospectively to adjustments to provisional amounts that occur after the effective date. That is, ASU 2015-16 applies to open measurement periods, regardless of the acquisition date. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2016 and applied it to the measurement period adjustments related to the DAMI acquisition. See Note 2 for more information.
Pending adoption
Revenue Recognition. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2014-09 replaces substantially all existing revenue recognition guidance with a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods and services to customers at the amount to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. Companies may use either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach to adopt ASU 2014-09, and, as a result of a subsequent update, it will be effective in annual reporting periods, and interim periods within that period, beginning after December 15, 2017. In 2016, the FASB issued additional updates to the revenue recognition guidance in ASU 2014-09 related to principal versus agent assessments, identifying performance obligations, the accounting for licenses, and certain narrow scope improvements and practical expedients. The Company is evaluating the potential effects of adopting ASU 2014-09 and any related updates on its consolidated financial statements.
Leases. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which would require lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for most leases and would change certain aspects of today’s lessor accounting, among other things. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. Companies must use a modified retrospective approach to adopt ASU 2016-02. The Company has not yet determined the potential effects of adopting ASU 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements.
Share-Based Payments. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The objective of the update is to simplify the accounting for employee share-based awards by, among other things, requiring companies to recognize the income tax effects of awards in earnings when they vest or are settled, providing companies with an option to recognize forfeitures in earnings as they occur, and clarifying certain guidance on classification of awards as either equity or liabilities and classification of tax payment activity on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe the adoption of this standard will be material to its consolidated financial statements.
Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The main objective of the update is to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by companies at each reporting date. For trade and other receivables, held to maturity debt securities and other instruments, companies will be required to use a new forward-looking "expected losses" model that generally will result in the recognition of allowances for losses earlier than under current accounting guidance. The standard will be adopted on a prospective basis with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company has not yet determined the potential effects of adopting ASU 2016-13 on its consolidated financial statements.