Allowance for Credit and Loan Losses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

The following table represents, by loan portfolio segment, a summary of changes in the ACL on loans for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.


	Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2022
	Commercial		Real Estate		Mortgage Warehouse		Consumer		Total
Balance, beginning of period	$	40,775	$	3,856	$	1,059	$	8,596	$	54,286

Credit loss expense (recovery)	(7,650)		1,668		(39)		3,802		(2,219)
PCD loans charge–offs	(760)		—		—		—		(760)
Charge–offs	(266)		(97)		—		(2,231)		(2,594)
Recoveries	346		150		—		1,255		1,751
Balance, end of period	$	32,445	$	5,577	$	1,020	$	11,422	$	50,464


	Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2021
	Commercial		Real Estate		Mortgage Warehouse		Consumer		Total
Balance, beginning of period	$	42,210	$	4,620	$	1,267	$	8,930	$	57,027


Credit loss expense (recovery)	(1,320)		(755)		(208)		199		(2,084)
PCD loan charge–offs	984		—		—		—		984
Charge–offs	(1,368)		(159)		—		(1,272)		(2,799)
Recoveries	269		150		—		739		1,158
Balance, end of period	$	40,775	$	3,856	$	1,059	$	8,596	$	54,286

The Company utilized the Cumulative Loss Rate method in determining expected future credit losses. The loss rate method measures the amount of loan charge–offs, net of recoveries, (“loan losses”) recognized over the life of a pool and compares those loan losses to the outstanding loan balance of that pool as of a specific point in time (“pool date”).

To estimate a CECL loss rate for the pool, management first identifies the loan losses recognized between the pool date and the reporting date for the pool and determines which loan losses were related to loans outstanding at the pool date. The loss rate method then divides the loan losses recognized on loans outstanding as of the pool date by the outstanding loan balance as of the pool date.

The Company’s expected loss estimate is anchored in historical credit loss experience, with an emphasis on all available portfolio data. The Company’s historical look–back period includes January 2013 through the current period, on a monthly basis. When historical credit loss experience is not sufficient for a specific portfolio, the Company may supplement its own portfolio data with external models or data.

Qualitative reserves reflect management’s overall estimate of the extent to which current expected credit losses on collectively evaluated loans will differ from historical loss experience. The analysis takes into consideration other analytics performed within the organization, such as enterprise and concentration management, along with other credit–related analytics as deemed appropriate. Management attempts to quantify qualitative reserves whenever possible.

The Company’s CECL estimate applies to a forecast that incorporates macroeconomic trends and other environmental factors. Management utilized National, Regional and Local Leading Economic Indexes, as well as management judgment, as the basis for the forecast period. The historical loss rate was utilized as the base rate, and qualitative adjustments were utilized to reflect the forecast and other relevant factors.

The Company segments the loan portfolio into pools based on the following risk characteristics: financial asset type, loan purpose, collateral type, loan characteristics, credit characteristics, outstanding loan balances, contractual terms and prepayment assumptions, industry of the borrower and concentrations, and historical or expected credit loss patterns.