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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes     Income Taxes

The income tax expense included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income consists of the following (in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Current income tax expense
 
$
3,553

 
$
667

 
$
6,564

 
$
3,012

Deferred income tax expense
 
16

 
2,693

 
142

 
2,438

Income tax expense
 
$
3,569

 
$
3,360

 
$
6,706

 
$
5,450



The net deferred tax liability totaled $5.0 million at June 30, 2019 as compared to a net deferred asset of $9.8 million at December 31, 2018.  No valuation allowance was recorded at June 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018, as management believes it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax asset items will be realized in future years. Unrecognized tax benefits were not material at June 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018.

We recognized income tax expense of $3.6 million and $6.7 million, for an effective tax rate (“ETR”) of 16.1% and 15.2% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to income tax expense of $3.4 million and $5.5 million, for an ETR of 14.3% and 13.0%, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. The higher ETR for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 was mainly due to a decrease in tax-exempt income as a percentage of pre-tax income as compared to the same periods in 2018. The ETR differs from the stated rate of 21% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 primarily due to the effect of tax-exempt income from municipal loans and securities, as well as bank owned life insurance. We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdictions and in certain states. We are no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2015 or Texas state tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2014.