2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all short-term investments readily convertible to cash, without notice or penalty, with an initial maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents.

Restricted Cash

Under the terms of three separate operating leases related to our facilities, we are required to maintain, as collateral, letters of credit during the terms of such leases (Note 3). At April 30, 2019 and 2018, restricted cash of $1,150 was pledged as collateral under these letters of credit.

Revenue Recognition

We derive revenue from contract manufacturing services provided under our customer contracts, which we have disaggregated into the following revenue streams:

Manufacturing revenue

The manufacturing revenue stream generally represents revenue from the manufacturing of customer product(s) derived from mammalian cell culture covering clinical through commercial manufacturing runs. Under a manufacturing contract, a quantity of manufacturing runs are ordered and the product is manufactured according to the customer’s specifications and typically only one performance obligation is included. Each manufacturing run represents a distinct service that is sold separately and has stand-alone value to the customer. The product(s) are manufactured exclusively for a specific customer and have no alternative use. The customer retains control of their product during the entire manufacturing process and can make changes to the process or specifications at their request. Under these agreements, we are entitled to consideration for progress to date that includes an element of profit margin. Revenue associated with this stream is recognized over time utilizing an input method that compares the cost of cumulative work-in-process to date to the most current estimates for the entire cost of the performance obligation.

Process development revenue

The process development revenue stream generally represents revenue from non-manufacturing related services associated with the custom development of a manufacturing process and analytical methods for a customer’s product. Under a process development contract, the customer owns the product details and process, which has no alternative use. These process development projects are customized to each customer to meet their specifications and typically only one performance obligation is included. Each process represents a distinct service that is sold separately and has stand-alone value to the customer. The customer also retains control of their product as the product is being created or enhanced by our services and can make changes to their process or specifications upon request. Revenue associated with this stream is recognized over time utilizing an input method that compares the cost of cumulative work-in-process to date to the most current estimates for the entire cost of the performance obligation.

The following table disaggregates our revenue for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 by revenue stream.

	Fiscal Year Ended April 30,
	2019		2018		2017
Manufacturing revenue	$	43,432	$	47,437	$	52,215
Process development revenue		10,171		6,184		5,415
Total Revenues	$	53,603	$	53,621	$	57,630

Revenues for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017 have not been adjusted in accordance with our modified retrospective adoption of Accounting Standards Concepts (“ASC”) 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”) as of May 1, 2018, and continues to be reported under the accounting standards that were in effect prior to our adoption of ASC 606 as further discussed below under the section, “Accounting Standards Adopted in Fiscal Year 2019”.

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed trade receivables, contract assets (unbilled receivables), and contract liabilities (customer deposits and deferred revenue). Contract assets are recorded when our right to consideration is conditioned on something other than the passage of time. Contract assets are reclassified to trade receivables on the balance sheet when our rights become unconditional. Contract liabilities represent customer deposits and deferred revenue billed and/or received in advance of our fulfillment of performance obligations. Contract liabilities convert to revenue as we perform our obligations under the contract.

Payment terms can vary by the type of contract manufacturing services offered, however, the term between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. For certain services, payment prior to satisfaction of a performance obligation can be required, and results in recording a contract liability.

During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, we recognized revenue of $14,312 for which the contract liability was recorded in the prior year.

We apply the practical expedient available under ASC 606 that permits us not to disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less. In addition, we currently do not have any unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts greater than one year.

Costs incurred to obtain a contract are not material. These costs are generally employee sales commissions, which are expensed when incurred and included in selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable generally represent trade amounts billed for contract manufacturing services and are recorded at the invoiced amount net of an allowance for doubtful accounts, if necessary. Accounts receivable consisted of the following:

	April 30,
	2019		2018
Trade receivables	$	7,374	$	3,539
Other receivables		–		215
Total Accounts receivable	$	7,374	$	3,754

We continually monitor our allowance for doubtful accounts for all receivables. We apply judgment in assessing the ultimate realization of our receivables and we estimate an allowance for doubtful accounts based on various factors, such as the aging of accounts receivable balances, historical experience, and the financial condition of our customers. Based on our analysis of our receivables as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, we determined no allowance for doubtful accounts was necessary.

Concentrations of Credit Risk and Customer Base

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to a significant concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, trade receivables and contract assets. We maintain our cash and restricted cash balances primarily with one major commercial bank and our deposits held with the bank exceed the amount of government insurance limits provided on our deposits. We are exposed to credit risk in the event of default by the major commercial bank holding our cash and restricted cash balances to the extent of the cash and restricted cash amounts recorded on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

Our trade receivables from amounts billed for contract manufacturing services have historically been derived from a small customer base. Most contracts require up-front payments and installment payments during the service period. We perform periodic evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and generally do not require collateral, but we can terminate any contract if a material default occurs. At April 30, 2019 and 2018, approximately 95% and 93%, respectively, of our trade receivables were due from six customers. Our contract assets are reclassified to trade receivables when our rights to consideration become unconditional. At April 30, 2019 approximately 87% of our contract assets were attributable to eight customers.

Our revenues have historically been derived from a small customer base. Historically, these customers have not entered into long-term contracts because their need for drug supply depends on a variety of factors, including a product’s stage of development, the timing of regulatory filings and approvals, the product needs of their collaborators, if applicable, their financial resources and the market demand with respect to a commercial product.

The percentages below represent revenues derived from each customer as a percentage of total revenues during the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017:

Customer	Geographic Location	2019	2018	2017
Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc.	U.S.	30%	55%	58%
ADC Therapeutics America Inc.	U.S.	21	9	–
Coherus BioSciences, Inc.	U.S.	13	22	26
Other customers	U.S./non-U.S.	36	14	16
Total		100%	100%	100%

We attribute revenue to the individual countries where the customer is headquartered. Revenues derived from U.S. based customers were 95%, 99% and 100% for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, determined by the first-in, first-out method. Subsequent to the adoption of ASC 606 (Note 2), manufacturing costs associated with work-in-process inventory (comprised of raw materials, direct labor and overhead costs associated with in-process manufacturing services) are recorded to cost of revenues in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as incurred. Overhead costs allocated to work-in-process inventory are based on the normal capacity of our production facilities and do not include costs from under absorption of overhead costs or idle capacity, which are expensed directly to cost of revenues in the period incurred. Inventories consist of the following:

	April 30,
	2019		2018
Raw materials	$	6,557	$	8,165
Work-in-process		–		7,964
Total Inventories	$	6,557	$	16,129

We periodically review raw materials inventory for potential impairment and adjust inventory to its net realizable value based on the estimate of future use and reduce the carrying value of inventory as determined necessary.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related asset, generally ranging from three to ten years. Amortization of leasehold improvements is calculated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the remaining lease term. Construction-in-progress, which represents direct costs related to the construction of various equipment and leasehold improvements primarily associated with our manufacturing facilities, are not depreciated until the asset is completed and placed into service. No interest was incurred or capitalized as construction-in-progress as of April 30, 2019 and 2018. All of our property and equipment are located in the U.S. Property and equipment consist of the following:

	April 30,
	2019			2018
Leasehold improvements	$	20,574		$	20,686
Laboratory and manufacturing equipment		12,858			10,258
Computer equipment and software		4,644			4,087
Furniture, fixtures and office equipment		528			510
Construction-in-progress		1,590			3,310
Total Property and equipment, gross		40,194			38,851
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(14,569	)		(12,372	)
Total Property and equipment, net	$	25,625		$	26,479

Depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $2,746, $2,562 and $2,463, respectively.

Impairment

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment in accordance with authoritative guidance for impairment or disposal of long-lived assets. Long-lived assets are reviewed for events or changes in circumstances that indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, there were no indicators of impairment of the value of our long-lived assets.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets for cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values due to their short-term maturities.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The guidance prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value into the following hierarchy:

· Level 1 – Observable inputs, such as unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

· Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as assets or liabilities whose values are based on quoted market prices in markets where trading occurs infrequently or whose values are based on quoted prices of instruments with similar attributes in active markets.

· Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and significant to the overall fair value measurement of the assets or liabilities; therefore, requiring the company to develop its own valuation techniques and assumptions.

As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, we do not have any Level 2 or Level 3 financial assets or liabilities and our cash equivalents, which are primarily invested in money market funds with one major commercial bank, are carried at fair value based on quoted market prices for identical securities (Level 1 input). In addition, there were no transfers between any Levels of the fair value hierarchy during the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018.

Deferred Rent

Rent expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the initial term of our operating lease agreements and the difference between rent expense and the amounts paid is recorded as a deferred rent liability. Incentives granted under our operating leases, including tenant improvements and landlord-funded lease incentives, are recorded as a deferred rent liability, which is amortized as a reduction to rent expense over the term of the operating lease (Note 3).

Restructuring Charges

Restructuring charges consist of one-time termination benefits, including severance and other employee-related costs related to a workforce reduction pursuant to a restructuring plan we implemented and completed during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2018 (Note 9). One-time termination benefits were expensed at the date we notified the employee, unless the employee was required to provide future service, in which case the benefits were expensed ratably over the future service period.

Stock-Based Compensation

We account for stock options, restricted stock units and other stock-based awards granted under our equity compensation plans in accordance with the authoritative guidance for stock-based compensation. The estimated fair value of stock options granted to employees in exchange for services is measured at the grant date, using a fair value based method, such as a Black-Scholes option valuation model, and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods. The fair value of restricted stock units is measured at the grant date based on the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant, and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the period of vesting. Forfeitures are recognized as a reduction of stock-based compensation expense as they occur. As of April 30, 2019, there were no outstanding stock-based awards with market or performance conditions.

Income Taxes

We utilize the liability method of accounting for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740: Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Under the liability method, deferred taxes are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. A valuation allowance is provided for the amount of deferred tax assets that, based on available evidence, are not expected to be realized (Note 6). In addition, we recognize the impact of an uncertain tax position only when it is more likely than not the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. We are required to file federal, state and foreign income tax returns in various jurisdictions. The preparation of these returns requires us to interpret the applicable tax laws in effect in such jurisdictions, which could affect the amount paid by us

The income tax benefit recognized in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the year ended April 30, 2019 resulted from the “Intraperiod Tax Allocation” rules under ASC 740, which requires the allocation of an entity’s total annual income tax provision among continuing operations and, in our case, discontinued operations. Accordingly, a tax benefit was recorded in continuing operations with an offsetting tax expense recorded in discontinued operations (Note 10).

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss is the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Comprehensive loss is equal to our net loss for all periods presented.

Accounting Standards Adopted in Fiscal Year 2019

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (codified as ASC 606), which, along with subsequent amendments issued after May 2014, replaced substantially all the relevant U.S. GAAP revenue recognition guidance. ASC 606, as amended, is based on the principle that revenue is recognized to depict the contractual transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services utilizing a new five-step revenue recognition model, which steps include (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

On May 1, 2018, we adopted ASC 606, as amended, to all contracts that had not been completed as of May 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. Accordingly, results for the reporting period beginning after May 1, 2018 are presented in accordance with ASC 606, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported under the accounting standards that were in effect for the prior periods.

The cumulative effect of adopting ASC 606 resulted in a one-time adjustment of $2,739 to the opening balance of accumulated deficit which is reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019. The cumulative effect adjustment relates to the recognition of revenue and related costs for customer contracts that transfer goods or services over time. Under ASC 606, the timing of the recognition of revenue and the related cost of revenue associated with goods or services provided to customers with no alternative use are recognized over time utilizing an input method that compares the cost of cumulative work-in-process to date to the most current estimates for the entire cost of the performance obligation. By contrast, in the prior periods, revenue and the related costs were recognized upon completion of the performance obligation in accordance with accounting standards that were in effect in the prior periods. Under these customer contracts the customer retains control of the product as it is being created or enhanced by our services and/or we are entitled to compensation for progress to date that includes an element of profit margin.

The cumulative effect of the adoption of ASC 606 on amounts previously reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at April 30, 2018 was as follows:

	As Reported April 30, 2018			ASC 606 Transition Adjustment			Balance at May 1, 2018
Contract assets	$	–		$	2,888		$	2,888
Inventories		16,129			(7,871	)		8,258
Contract liabilities		27,935			(7,913	)		20,022
Other current liabilities		905			191			1,096
Accumulated deficit		(559,129	)		2,739			(556,390	)

The impact of the adoption of ASC 606 on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at April 30, 2019 was as follows:

	As Reported		Effect of Adoption Increase/(Decrease)			Balance Without Adoption of ASC 606
Contract assets	$	4,327	$	4,327		$	–
Inventories		6,557		(18,293	)		24,850
Contract liabilities		14,651		(19,771	)		34,422

The impact of the adoption of ASC 606 on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019 was as follows:

	As Reported			Effect of Adoption Increase/(Decrease)		Balance Without Adoption of ASC 606
Revenues	$	53,603		$	13,243	$	40,360
Cost of revenues		46,379			9,743		36,636
Gross profit		7,224			3,500		3,724
Operating loss		(5,622	)		3,500		(9,122	)
Loss from continuing operations		(5,056	)		3,500		(8,556	)

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash, which clarifies the presentation requirements of restricted cash within the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 will require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. We adopted ASU 2016-18 on May 1, 2018 and the cash and cash equivalents at the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts in our consolidated statements of cash flows have been adjusted to include restricted cash for each of the periods presented.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a stock-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. This pronouncement is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. We adopted ASU 2017-09 on May 1, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases and its related amendments (collectively referred to as Topic 842) (codified as “ASC 842”). The new standard requires lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities for leases with durations of greater than 12 months on the balance sheet as well as provide disclosures with respect to certain qualitative and quantitative information regarding the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The right-of-use assets and lease liabilities will initially be measured at the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term. Subsequent measurement, including the presentation of expenses and cash flows, will depend on the classification of the lease as either a finance lease or an operating lease. ASC 842 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018, which will be our fiscal year 2020 beginning May 1, 2019.

On May 1, 2019, we adopted ASC 842 and have elected the optional transition method to apply the standard as of the effective date and therefore, we will not apply the standard to the comparative periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. We have elected the transition package of three practical expedients permitted within the standard, which eliminates the requirements to reassess prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification, and initial direct costs. Further, we have elected a short-term lease exception policy, permitting us to not apply the recognition requirements of this standard to short-term leases (i.e., leases with terms of 12 months or less) and an accounting policy to account for lease and non-lease components as a single component for certain classes of assets. While we are finalizing our evaluation of the impact of the adoption of ASC 842 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, we expect to recognize on our balance sheet right-of-use assets ranging from $22,000 to $25,000, in aggregate, and lease liabilities ranging from $24,000 to $27,000, in aggregate, which are primarily related to our facility operating leases (Note 3). The difference between the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities is primarily attributed to the elimination of deferred rent. The adoption of ASC 842 is also expected to impact our consolidated financial statement disclosures. We do not anticipate the adoption of ASC 842 will have a material impact to our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss or to require a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit.

The estimated impact of adopting ASC 842 is based on our best estimates at the time of the preparation of this Annual Report. The actual impact is subject to change prior to our first quarterly filing of our fiscal year 2020. We are finalizing our implementation related to policies, processes and internal controls to comply with this guidance.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This standard update requires that certain financial assets be measured at amortized cost net of an allowance for estimated credit losses such that the net receivable represents the present value of expected cash collection. In addition, this standard update requires that certain financial assets be measured at amortized cost reflecting an allowance for estimated credit losses expected to occur over the life of the assets. The estimate of credit losses must be based on all relevant information including historical information, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the amounts. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019, which will be our fiscal year 2021 beginning May 1, 2020; however, early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the timing and impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which modifies the disclosure requirements in Topic 820 by removing certain disclosure requirements related to the fair value hierarchy, modifying existing disclosure requirements related to measurement uncertainty and adding new disclosure requirements, primarily surrounding Level 3 fair value measurements and transfers between Level 1 and Level 2. ASU 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019, which will be our fiscal year 2021 beginning May 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for any removed or modified disclosures. We are currently evaluating the new guidance and do not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-13 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.