EXHIBIT 1

                            JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

     Waddell & Reed Financial, Inc., Waddell & Reed Financial Services, Inc.,
Waddell & Reed, Inc. and Waddell & Reed Investment Management Company (the
"Filing Persons"), hereby agree to file jointly a Schedule 13G and any
amendments thereto relating to the aggregate ownership by each of the Filing
Persons of any voting equity security of a class which is registered pursuant
to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as required
by Rule 13d-1 and Rule 13d-2 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934. Each of the Filing Persons agrees that the information set forth in
such Schedule 13G and any amendments thereto with respect to such Filing
Person will be true, complete and correct as of the date of such Schedule 13G
or such amendment, to the best of such Filing Person's knowledge and belief,
after reasonable inquiry. Each of the Filing Persons makes no representations
as to the accuracy or adequacy of the information set forth in the Schedule
13G or any amendments thereto with respect to any other Filing Person. Each
of the Filing Persons shall promptly notify the other Filing Persons if any
of the information set forth in the Schedule 13G or any amendments thereto
shall become inaccurate in any material respect or if said person learns of
information that would require an amendment to the Schedule 13G.

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have set their hands this 17th day of
January, 2001.

Waddell & Reed Financial, Inc.     Waddell & Reed Financial Services, Inc.

By: /s/ Daniel C. Schulte          By: /s/ Wendy J. Hills

Name:   Daniel C. Schulte          Name:   Wendy J. Hills
Title:  Vice President             Title:  Attorney-In-Fact


Waddell & Reed, Inc.               Waddell & Reed Investment Management Company

By: /s/ Wendy J. Hills             By: /s/ Wendy J. Hills

Name:   Wendy J. Hills             Name:   Wendy J. Hills
Title:  Attorney-In-Fact           Title:  Attorney-In-Fact