Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2014

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Nature of Operations, Principles of Consolidation, and Basis of Presentation

Nature of Operations – First Midwest Bancorp, Inc. (the "Company") is a bank holding company that was incorporated in Delaware in 1982 and began operations on March 31, 1983. The Company is headquartered in Itasca, Illinois and has operations located primarily throughout the greater Chicago metropolitan area, as well as central and western Illinois, eastern Iowa, and northwestern Indiana. The Company operates three wholly owned subsidiaries: First Midwest Bank (the "Bank"), Catalyst Asset Holdings, LLC ("Catalyst"), and Parasol Investment Management, LLC ("Parasol"). The Bank conducts the majority of the Company's operations. Catalyst manages a portion of the Company's non-performing assets. Parasol serves in an advisory capacity to certain wealth management accounts with the Bank.

The Company is engaged in commercial and retail banking and offers a comprehensive selection of financial products and services, including lending, depository, wealth management, and other related financial services tailored to the needs of its individual, business, institutional, and governmental customers.

Principles of Consolidation – The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the financial position and results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries after elimination of all significant intercompany accounts and transactions. Assets held in a fiduciary or agency capacity are not assets of the Company or its subsidiaries and are not included in the consolidated financial statements.

Basis of Presentation – The accounting and reporting policies of the Company and its subsidiaries conform to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and general practice within the banking industry. The Company uses the accrual basis of accounting for financial reporting purposes. Certain reclassifications were made to prior year amounts to conform to the current year presentation.

In the third quarter of 2014, the Bank acquired assets and assumed liabilities in two separate transactions. The fair values assigned to these assets and liabilities were preliminary and subject to refinement after the acquisition date as new information related to acquisition date fair values became available. During the fourth quarter of 2014, the Bank obtained specific information relating to the acquisition date fair values of certain assets which required a retrospective adjustment. These adjustments were recognized as if they had happened as of the acquisition date in accordance with accounting guidance applicable to business combinations. See Note 3, "Acquisitions" for additional discussion related to these fair value adjustments.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates – The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Although these estimates and assumptions are based on the best available information, actual results could differ from those estimates.

Segment Disclosures

Segment Disclosures – The Company has one reportable segment. The Company's chief operating decision maker evaluates the operations of the Company using consolidated information for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance. Therefore, segment disclosures are not required.

Business Combinations

Business Combinations – Business combinations are accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition, with any excess of the purchase price of the acquisition over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired recorded as goodwill. Alternatively, a gain is recorded if the fair value of assets purchased exceeds the fair value of liabilities assumed and consideration paid. The results of operations of the acquired business are included in the Consolidated Statements of Income from the effective date of the acquisition.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents – For purposes of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, management defines cash and cash equivalents to include cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits in other banks, and other short-term investments, if any, such as federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell.

Securities

Securities – Securities are classified as held-to-maturity, trading, or available-for-sale at the time of purchase.

Securities Held-to-Maturity

Securities Held-to-Maturity – Securities classified as held-to-maturity are securities for which management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity. These securities are stated at cost and adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts over the estimated lives of the securities using the effective interest method.

Trading Securities

Trading Securities – The Company's trading securities consist of diversified investment securities held in a grantor trust under deferred compensation arrangements in which plan participants may direct amounts earned to be invested in securities other than Company stock. The accounts of the grantor trust are consolidated with the accounts of the Company in its consolidated financial statements. Trading securities are reported at fair value. Net trading gains (losses) represent changes in the fair value of the trading securities portfolio and are included in other noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The corresponding deferred compensation obligation is also reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recognized as a component of compensation expense. Other than the securities held in the grantor trust, the Company does not carry any securities for trading purposes.

Securities Available-for-Sale

Securities Available-for-Sale – All other securities are classified as available-for-sale. Securities available-for-sale are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of related deferred income taxes, recorded in stockholders' equity as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss.

The historical cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts over the estimated life of the security using the effective interest method. Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts are included in interest income.

Purchases and sales of securities are recognized on a trade date basis. Realized securities gains or losses are reported in net securities gains (losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. On a quarterly basis, the Company individually assesses securities with unrealized losses to determine whether there were any events or circumstances indicating that an other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI") has occurred. In evaluating OTTI, the Company considers many factors, including (i) the severity and duration of the impairment, (ii) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, including external credit ratings and recent downgrades for debt securities, (iii) its intent to hold the security until its value recovers, and (iv) the likelihood that it will be required to sell the security before a recovery in value, which may be at maturity. If management intends to sell the security or believes it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security prior to full recovery, an OTTI charge will be recognized through income as a realized loss and included in net securities gains (losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Income. If management does not expect to sell the security or believes it is not more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security prior to full recovery, the OTTI is separated into the amount related to credit deterioration, which is recognized through income as a realized loss, and the amount resulting from other factors, which is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss).

FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank Stock

FHLB and FRB Stock – The Company, as a member of the FHLB and FRB, is required to maintain an investment in the capital stock of the FHLB and FRB. No ready market exists for these stocks, and they have no quoted market values. The stock is redeemable at par by the FRB and FHLB and is, therefore, carried at cost and periodically evaluated for impairment.

Loans

Loans – Loans held-for-investment are loans that the Company intends to hold until they are paid in full and are carried at the principal amount outstanding, including certain net deferred loan origination fees. Interest income on loans is accrued based on principal amounts outstanding. Loan origination fees, commitment fees, and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred, and the net amount is amortized as a yield adjustment over the contractual life of the related loans or commitments and included in interest income. Fees related to standby letters of credit are amortized into fee income over the contractual life of the commitment. Other credit-related fees are recognized as fee income when earned. Loans held-for-sale are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or fair value and included in other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

Acquired and Covered Loans

Acquired and Covered Loans – Covered loans consist of loans acquired by the Company in FDIC-assisted transactions, the majority of which are covered by loss share agreements with the FDIC (the "FDIC Agreements"), under which the FDIC reimburses the Company for the majority of the losses and eligible expenses related to these assets. Acquired loans consist of all other loans that were acquired in business combinations that are not covered by FDIC Agreements. No allowance for credit losses is recorded on acquired and covered loans at the acquisition date since business combination accounting requires that they are recorded at fair value.

Acquired and covered loans are separated into (i) non-purchased credit impaired ("Non-PCI") and (ii) purchased credit impaired ("PCI") loans. Non-PCI loans include loans that did not have evidence of credit deterioration since origination at the acquisition date. PCI loans include loans that had evidence of credit deterioration since origination and for which it was probable at acquisition that the Company would not collect all contractually required principal and interest payments. Evidence of credit deterioration was evaluated using various indicators, such as past due and non-accrual status. Other key considerations included past performance of the institutions' credit underwriting standards, completeness and accuracy of credit files, maintenance of risk ratings, and age of appraisals. Leases and revolving loans do not qualify to be accounted for as PCI loans.

The acquisition adjustment related to Non-PCI loans is amortized into interest income over the contractual life of the related loans. As the acquisition adjustment is accreted into income over future periods, an allowance for credit losses will be established as necessary to reflect credit deterioration since the acquisition date.

PCI loans are accounted for prospectively based on estimates of expected future cash flows. To estimate the fair value, the Company generally aggregates purchased consumer loans and certain smaller balance commercial loans into pools of loans with common risk characteristics, such as delinquency status, credit score, and internal risk rating. The fair values of larger balance commercial loans are estimated on an individual basis. Expected future cash flows in excess of the fair value of loans at the purchase date ("accretable yield") are recorded as interest income over the life of the loans if the timing and amount of the expected future cash flows can be reasonably estimated. The non-accretable yield represents the difference between contractually required payments and the expected future cash flows determined at acquisition. Subsequent increases in expected future cash flows are recognized as interest income prospectively. The present value of any decreases in expected future cash flows is recognized by recording a charge-off through the allowance for loan and covered loan losses or providing an allowance for loan and covered loan losses.

90-Days Past Due Loans

90-Days Past Due Loans – The Company’s accrual of interest on loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is sufficiently collateralized and in the process of renewal or collection.

Non-accrual Loans

Non-accrual Loans – Generally, corporate loans are placed on non-accrual status (i) when either principal or interest payments become 90 days or more past due unless the credit is sufficiently collateralized and in the process of renewal or collection or (ii) when an individual analysis of a borrower’s creditworthiness warrants a downgrade to non-accrual regardless of past due status. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, unpaid interest credited to income in the current year is reversed, and unpaid interest accrued in prior years is charged against the allowance for loan losses. After the loan is placed on non-accrual, all debt service payments are applied to the principal on the loan. Future interest income may only be recorded on a cash basis after recovery of principal is reasonably assured. Non-accrual loans are returned to accrual status when the financial position of the borrower and other relevant factors indicate that the Company will collect all principal and interest.

Commercial loans and loans secured by real estate are charged-off when deemed uncollectible. A loss is recorded if the net realizable value of the underlying collateral is less than the outstanding principal and interest. Consumer loans that are not secured by real estate are subject to mandatory charge-off at a specified delinquency date and are usually not classified as non-accrual prior to being charged-off. Closed-end consumer loans, which include installment, automobile, and single payment loans, are usually charged-off no later than the end of the month in which the loan becomes 120 days past due.

PCI loans are generally considered accruing loans unless reasonable estimates of the timing and amount of expected future cash flows cannot be determined. Loans without reasonable cash flow estimates are classified as non-accrual loans, and interest income is not recognized on those loans until the timing and amount of the expected future cash flows can be reasonably determined.

Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs)

Troubled Debt Restructurings ("TDRs") – A restructuring is considered a TDR when (i) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and (ii) the creditor grants a concession, such as forgiveness of principal, reduction of the interest rate, changes in payments, or extension of the maturity date. Loans are not classified as TDRs when the modification is short-term or results in an insignificant delay in payments. The Company’s TDRs are determined on a case-by-case basis.

The Company does not accrue interest on a TDR unless it believes collection of all principal and interest under the modified terms is reasonably assured. For a TDR to begin accruing interest, the borrower must demonstrate both some level of past performance and the future capacity to perform under the modified terms. Generally, six months of consecutive payment performance under the restructured terms is required before a TDR is returned to accrual status. However, the period could vary depending on the individual facts and circumstances of the loan. An evaluation of the borrower’s current creditworthiness is used to assess the borrower’s capacity to repay the loan under the modified terms. This evaluation includes an estimate of expected future cash flows, evidence of strong financial position, and estimates of the value of collateral, if applicable. For TDRs to be removed from TDR status in the calendar year after the restructuring, the loans must (i) have an interest rate and terms that reflect market conditions at the time of restructuring, and (ii) be in compliance with the modified terms. If the loan was restructured at below market rates and terms, it continues to be separately reported as restructured until it is paid in full or charged-off.

Impaired Loans

Impaired Loans – Impaired loans consist of corporate non-accrual loans and TDRs.

A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will not collect all contractual principal and interest. With the exception of accruing TDRs, impaired loans are classified as non-accrual and are exclusive of smaller homogeneous loans, such as home equity, 1-4 family mortgages, and installment loans. Impaired loans with balances under a specified threshold are not individually evaluated for impairment. For all other impaired loans, impairment is measured by comparing the estimated value of the loan to the recorded book value. The value of collateral-dependent loans is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, less costs to sell. The value of other loans is measured using the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s initial effective interest rate.

Allowance for Loan Losses

Allowance for Credit Losses – The allowance for credit losses is comprised of the allowance for loan losses, the allowance for covered loan losses, and the reserve for unfunded commitments, and is maintained by management at a level believed adequate to absorb estimated losses inherent in the existing loan portfolio. Determination of the allowance for credit losses is subjective since it requires significant estimates and management judgment, including the amounts and timing of expected future cash flows on impaired loans, estimated losses on pools of homogeneous loans, consideration of current economic trends, and other factors.

Loans deemed to be uncollectible are charged-off against the allowance for loan and covered loan losses, while recoveries of amounts previously charged-off are credited to the allowance for loan and covered loan losses. Additions to the allowance for loan and covered loan losses are charged to expense through the provision for loan and covered loan losses. The amount of provision depends on a number of factors, including net charge-off levels, loan growth, changes in the composition of the loan portfolio, and the Company’s assessment of the allowance for loan and covered loan losses based on the methodology discussed below.

Allowance for Loan Losses– The allowance for loan losses consists of (i) specific reserves for individual loans where the recorded investment exceeds the value, (ii) an allowance based on a loss migration analysis that uses historical credit loss experience for each loan category, and (iii) and allowance based on other internal and external qualitative factors.

The specific reserves component of the allowance for loan losses is based on a periodic analysis of impaired loans exceeding a fixed dollar amount. If the value of an impaired loan is less than the recorded book value, the Company either establishes a valuation allowance (i.e., a specific reserve) equal to the excess of the book value over the value of the loan as a component of the allowance for loan losses or charges off the amount if it is a confirmed loss.

The general reserve component is based on a loss migration analysis, which examines actual loss experience by loan category for a rolling 8-quarter period and the related internal risk rating for corporate loans. The loss migration analysis is updated quarterly using actual loss experience. This component is then adjusted based on management’s consideration of many internal and external qualitative factors, including:

• Changes in the composition of the loan portfolio, trends in the volume of loans, and trends in delinquent and non-accrual loans that could indicate that historical trends do not reflect current conditions.

• Changes in credit policies and procedures, such as underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices.

• Changes in the experience, ability, and depth of credit management and other relevant staff.

• Changes in the quality of the Company’s loan review system and Board of Directors oversight.

• The effect of any concentration of credit and changes in the level of concentrations, such as loan type or risk rating.

• Changes in the value of the underlying collateral for collateral-dependent loans.

• Changes in the national and local economy that affect the collectability of various segments of the portfolio.

• The effect of other external factors, such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements, on the Company’s loan portfolio.

Allowance for Covered Loan Losses– The Company’s allowance for covered loan losses reflects the difference between the carrying value and the discounted expected future cash flows of the covered PCI loans. On a periodic basis, the adequacy of this allowance is determined through a re-estimation of expected future cash flows on all of the outstanding covered PCI loans using either a probability of default/loss given default ("PD/LGD") methodology or a specific review methodology. The PD/LGD model is a loss model that estimates expected future cash flows using a probability of default curve and loss given default estimates.

Reserve for Unfunded Commitments– The Company also maintains a reserve for unfunded commitments, including letters of credit, for the risk of loss inherent in these arrangements. The reserve for unfunded commitments is estimated using the loss migration analysis from the allowance for loan losses, adjusted for probabilities of future funding requirements. The reserve for unfunded commitments is included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

The establishment of the allowance for credit losses involves a high degree of judgment given the difficulty of assessing the factors impacting loan repayment and estimating the timing and amount of losses. While management utilizes its best judgment and information available, the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses depends on a variety of factors beyond the Company’s control, including the performance of its loan portfolio, the economy, changes in interest rates and property values, and the interpretation of loan risk classifications by regulatory authorities.

OREO

OREO – OREO consists of properties acquired through foreclosure in partial or total satisfaction of defaulted loans. At initial transfer into OREO, properties are recorded at fair value, less estimated selling costs. Subsequently, OREO is carried at the lower of the cost basis or fair value, less estimated selling costs. OREO also includes excess properties that the Company no longer intends to utilize. Those properties are transferred to OREO at the lower of their historical cost, less accumulated depreciation, or fair value, which represents the current appraised value of the properties, less selling costs. OREO write-downs occurring at the transfer date are charged against the allowance for loan and covered loan losses. Subsequent to the initial transfer, the carrying values of OREO may be adjusted to reflect reductions in value resulting from new appraisals, new list prices, changes in market conditions, or changes in disposition strategies. These valuation adjustments, along with expenses related to maintenance of the properties, are included in net OREO expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

FDIC Indemnification Asset

FDIC Indemnification Asset – The majority of loans and OREO acquired through FDIC-assisted transactions are covered by the FDIC Agreements, under which the FDIC reimburses the Company for the majority of the losses and eligible expenses related to these assets during the indemnification period. The FDIC indemnification asset represents the present value of expected future reimbursements from the FDIC. Since the indemnified items are covered loans and covered OREO, which are initially measured at fair value, the FDIC indemnification asset is also initially measured at fair value by discounting the expected future cash flows to be received from the FDIC. These expected future cash flows are estimated by multiplying estimated losses on covered PCI loans and covered OREO by the reimbursement rates in the FDIC Agreements.

The balance of the FDIC indemnification asset is adjusted periodically to reflect changes in expected future cash flows. Decreases in estimated reimbursements from the FDIC are recorded prospectively through amortization and increases in estimated reimbursements from the FDIC are recognized by an increase in the carrying value of the indemnification asset. Payments from the FDIC for reimbursement of losses result in a reduction of the FDIC indemnification asset.

Depreciable Assets

Depreciable Assets – Premises, furniture, and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense is determined by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Useful lives range from 3 to 10 years for furniture and equipment and 25 to 40 years for premises. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the life of the asset or the lease term. Gains on dispositions are included in other noninterest income, and losses on dispositions are included in other noninterest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operating expenses as incurred, while improvements that extend the useful life of assets are capitalized and depreciated over the estimated remaining life.

Long-lived depreciable assets are evaluated periodically for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Impairment exists when the undiscounted expected future cash flows of a long-lived asset are less than its carrying value. In that event, the Company recognizes a loss for the difference between the carrying amount and the estimated fair value of the asset based on a quoted market price, if applicable, or a discounted cash flow analysis. Impairment losses are recorded in other noninterest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

BOLI

BOLI – BOLI represents life insurance policies on the lives of certain Company directors and officers for which the Company is the sole owner and beneficiary. These policies are recorded as an asset in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at their cash surrender value ("CSV") or the current amount that could be realized if settled. The change in CSV and insurance proceeds received are included as a component of noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets – Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of the acquisition over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired using the acquisition method of accounting. Goodwill is not amortized. Instead, impairment testing is conducted annually or more often if events or circumstances between annual tests indicate that there may be impairment.

Impairment testing is performed using a two-step quantitative approach. In the first step, management compares its estimate of the fair value of a reporting unit, which is based on a discounted cash flow analysis, with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not impaired and the second step is not required. If necessary, the second step compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined by assigning the value of a reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit, including any other identifiable intangible assets. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of the reporting unit goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill.

Other intangible assets represent purchased assets that lack physical substance, but can be distinguished from goodwill because of contractual or other legal rights or because the asset is capable of being sold or exchanged either on its own or in combination with a related contract, asset, or liability. Identified intangible assets that have a finite useful life are amortized over that life in a manner that reflects the estimated decline in the economic value of the identified intangible asset. All of the Company's other intangible assets have finite lives and are amortized over varying periods not exceeding 13 years.

Intangible assets are reviewed at least annually to determine whether there were any events or circumstances that indicate the recorded amount is not recoverable from projected undiscounted net operating cash flows. If the projected undiscounted net operating cash flows are less than the carrying amount, a loss is recognized to reduce the carrying amount to fair value and the amortization period may also be reduced. Unamortized intangible assets associated with disposed assets are included in the determination of the gain or loss on the sale of the disposed assets.

Wealth Management

Wealth Management – Assets held in a fiduciary or agency capacity for customers are not included in the consolidated financial statements as they are not assets of the Company or its subsidiaries. Fee income is recognized on an accrual basis and is included as a component of noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative Financial Instruments – To provide derivative products to customers and in the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into derivative transactions as part of its overall interest rate risk management strategy to minimize significant unplanned fluctuations in earnings and expected future cash flows caused by interest rate volatility. All derivative instruments are recorded at fair value as either other assets or other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Subsequent changes in a derivative’s fair value are recognized in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met.

On the date the Company enters into a derivative contract, the derivative is designated as a fair value hedge, a cash flow hedge, or a non-hedge derivative instrument. Fair value hedges are designed to mitigate exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset or liability attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk. Cash flow hedges are designed to mitigate exposure to variability in expected future cash flows to be received or paid related to an asset, liability, or other type of forecasted transaction. The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, including its risk management objective and strategy at inception.

At the hedge’s inception and quarterly thereafter, a formal assessment is performed to determine the effectiveness of the derivative in offsetting changes in the fair values or expected future cash flows of the hedged items in the current period and prospectively. If a derivative instrument designated as a hedge is terminated or ceases to be highly effective, hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively, and the gain or loss is amortized into earnings. For fair value hedges, the gain or loss is amortized over the remaining life of the hedged asset or liability. For cash flow hedges, the gain or loss is amortized over the same period that the forecasted hedged transactions impact earnings. If the hedged item is disposed of, any fair value adjustments are included in the gain or loss from the disposition of the hedged item. If the forecasted transaction is no longer probable, the gain or loss is included in earnings immediately.

For fair value hedges, changes in the fair value of the derivative instruments, as well as changes in the fair value of the hedged item, are recognized in earnings. For cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the change in fair value of the derivative instrument is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss and is reclassified to earnings when the hedged transaction is reflected in earnings.

Ineffectiveness is calculated based on the change in fair value of the hedged item compared with the change in fair value of the hedging instrument. For all types of hedges, any ineffectiveness in the hedging relationship is recognized in earnings during the period the ineffectiveness occurs.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive Income (Loss) – Comprehensive income (loss) is the total of reported net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss) ("OCI"). OCI includes all other revenues, expenses, gains, and losses that are not reported in net income under GAAP. The Company includes the following items, net of tax, in other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income: (i) changes in unrealized gains or losses on securities available-for-sale, (ii) changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, and (iii) changes in unrecognized net pension costs related to the Company's pension plan.

Treasury Stock

Treasury Stock – Treasury stock acquired is recorded at cost and is carried as a reduction of stockholders' equity in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Treasury stock issued is valued based on the "last in, first out" inventory method. The difference between the consideration received on issuance and the carrying value is charged or credited to additional paid-in capital.

Share-based Compensation

Share-Based Compensation – The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense based on the estimated fair value of the award at the grant or modification date over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for such award. Share-based compensation expense is included in salaries and wages in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes – The Company files U.S. federal income tax returns and state income tax returns in various states. The provision for income taxes is based on income in the consolidated financial statements, rather than amounts reported on the Company's income tax return.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates that are expected to apply to taxable income in years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. A valuation allowance is established for any deferred tax asset for which recovery or settlement is not more likely than not. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment date.

Earnings per Common Share (EPS)

Earnings per Common Share ("EPS") – EPS is computed using the two-class method. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) applicable to common shares by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period, excluding outstanding participating securities. Participating securities include non-vested restricted stock awards and restricted stock units, which contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents. Diluted earnings per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares determined for the basic earnings per common share computation plus the dilutive effect of stock compensation using the treasury stock method.

Recent accounting pronouncements

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Adopted Accounting Guidance

Income Taxes: In January of 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued guidance that requires an entity to present an unrecognized tax benefit, or a portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward. To the extent a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward is not available at the reporting date or, if the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction does not require the entity to use, and the entity does not intend to use, the deferred tax asset for such purpose, the unrecognized tax benefit should be presented in the financial statements as a liability and should not be combined with deferred tax assets. The adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2014 did not materially impact the Company's financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity.

Recently Issued Accounting Guidance

Receivables - Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors: In January of 2014, the FASB issued guidance to clarify when an in substance repossession or foreclosure occurs and an entity is considered to have received physical possession of the residential real estate property such that a loan receivable should be derecognized and the real estate property recognized. Additionally, the guidance requires interim and annual disclosure of the amount of foreclosed residential real estate property held by the entity and the recorded investment in consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that are in the process of foreclosure according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction. The guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2014 and can be applied retrospectively or prospectively. Management does not expect the adoption of this guidance will materially impact the Company's financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity.

Reporting Discontinued Operations: In April of 2014, the FASB issued guidance that requires an entity to report a disposal of a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity in discontinued operations if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity's operations and financial results when the component of an entity or group of components of an entity (i) meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, (ii) is disposed of by sale, or (iii) is disposed of other than by sale. The guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2014, and must be applied prospectively. Management does not expect the adoption of this guidance will materially impact the Company's financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers: In May of 2014, the FASB issued guidance that requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2016, and must be applied either retrospectively or using the modified retrospective approach. Management is evaluating the new guidance, but does not expect the adoption of this guidance will materially impact the Company's financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity.

Transfers and Servicing: In June of 2014, the FASB issued guidance that requires repurchase-to-maturity transactions to be accounted for as secured borrowings. The guidance also requires separate accounting for a transfer of a financial asset executed contemporaneously with a repurchase agreement with the same counterparty. If the derecognition criteria are met as outlined in the guidance, the initial transfer will generally be accounted for as a sale and the repurchase agreement will generally be accounted for as a secured borrowing. The guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2014. Management is evaluating the new guidance, but does not expect the adoption of this guidance will materially impact the Company's financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity.

Receivables - Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors: In August of 2014, the FASB issued guidance that requires an entity to derecognize a mortgage loan and recognize a separate other receivable upon foreclosure if (i) the loan has a government guarantee that is not separable from the loan before foreclosure, (ii) at the time of foreclosure, the creditor has the intent to convey the real estate property to the guarantor and make a claim on that guarantee, and the creditor has the ability to recover under that claim, and (iii) at the time of foreclosure, any amount of the claim that is determined on the basis of the fair value of the real estate is fixed. The separate other receivable is to be measured based on the amount of the loan balance (principal and interest) expected to be recovered from the guarantor. The guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2014. Management is evaluating the new guidance, but does not expect the adoption of this guidance will materially impact the Company's financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity.

Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern: In August of 2014, the FASB issued guidance that requires management to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the entity's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. The guidance is effective for the annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual and interim periods thereafter. Management does not expect the adoption of this guidance will materially impact the Company's financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity.