Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 9 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sep. 30, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] |
1. SUMMARY
OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of
Presentation - The accompanying unaudited condensed
consolidated interim financial statements of First Midwest
Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”), a Delaware
corporation, have been prepared pursuant to the rules and
regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
for quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and do not include certain
information and footnote disclosures required by U.S.
generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”)
for complete annual financial statements. Accordingly, these
financial statements should be read in conjunction with the
Company’s 2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K (“2010
10-K”).
The
accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim
financial statements have been prepared in accordance with
GAAP and reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of
management, necessary for the fair presentation of the
financial position and results of operations for the periods
presented. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring
nature. The results of operations for the quarter and
nine-month periods ended September 30, 2011 are not
necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected
for the year ending December 31, 2011.
Certain
reclassifications have been made to prior periods to conform
to the current period presentation.
In
third quarter 2010, the Company acquired the majority of the
assets and assumed the deposits of a former bank in an
FDIC-assisted transaction. The fair values initially assigned
to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were
preliminary and subject to refinement for up to one year
after the closing date of the acquisition as new information
relative to closing date fair values became available. During
second quarter 2011, the Company obtained specific
information (including the completion of appraisals or other
valuations) relating to the acquisition-date value of certain
assets and liabilities acquired and finalized its purchase
price allocation, which required an adjustment to those
assets and liabilities and to goodwill. After considering
this additional information, the estimated fair value of
covered loans decreased $2.9 million, covered OREO decreased
$7.3 million, the FDIC indemnification asset increased $6.9
million, and accrued interest payable and other liabilities
decreased $8.7 million from that originally reported in the
quarter ended September 30, 2010. These revised estimates
resulted in a $5.4 million decrease in goodwill and other
intangible assets. In accordance with accounting guidance
applicable to business combinations, these adjustments were
recognized as if they had happened as of the acquisition
date.
GAAP
requires management to make certain estimates and
assumptions. Although these and other estimates and
assumptions are based on the best available information,
actual results could be materially different from these
estimates.
Principles of
Consolidation - The condensed consolidated financial
statements include the accounts and results of operations of
the Company and its subsidiaries after elimination of all
significant intercompany accounts and transactions.
The
Company owns an interest in certain variable interest
entities (“VIE”s) as described in Note 22,
“Variable Interest Entities,” contained in the
Company’s 2010 10-K. A VIE is a partnership, limited
liability company, trust, or other legal entity that does not
have sufficient equity to finance its activities without
additional subordinated financial support from other parties,
or whose investors lack certain characteristics associated
with owning a controlling financial interest. The VIEs are
not consolidated in the Company’s financial statements
since the Company is not the primary beneficiary of any of
the VIEs.
The
accounting policies related to loans and the allowance for
credit losses are presented below. For a summary of all other
significant accounting policies, please refer to Note 1,
“Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,”
contained in the Company’s 2010 10-K.
Loans -
Loans are carried at the principal amount outstanding,
including certain net deferred loan origination fees. Loans
held-for-sale are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or
fair value and included in other assets in the Condensed
Consolidated Statements of Condition. Interest income on
loans is accrued based on principal amounts outstanding. Loan
and lease origination fees, fees for commitments that are
expected to be exercised, and certain direct loan origination
costs are deferred and the net amount amortized over the
estimated life of the related loans or commitments as a yield
adjustment. Fees related to standby letters of credit, whose
ultimate exercise is remote, are amortized into fee income
over the estimated life of the commitment. Other
credit-related fees are recognized as fee income when
earned.
Purchased
Impaired Loans -
Purchased impaired loans are recorded at their estimated fair
values on the respective purchase dates and are accounted for
prospectively based on expected cash flows in accordance with
applicable authoritative accounting guidance. No allowance
for credit losses is recorded on these loans at the
acquisition date. In determining the acquisition date fair
value of purchased impaired loans, and in subsequent
accounting, the Company generally aggregates purchased
consumer loans and certain smaller balance commercial loans
into pools of loans with common risk characteristics, such as
delinquency status, credit score, and internal risk rating.
Larger balance commercial loans are usually accounted for on
an individual basis. Expected future cash flows in excess of
the fair value of loans at the purchase date
(“accretable yield”) are recorded as interest
income over the life of the loans if the timing and amount of
the future cash flows can be reasonably estimated. The
non-accretable yield represents estimated losses in the
portfolio and is equal to the difference between
contractually required payments and the cash flows expected
to be collected at acquisition.
Subsequent
to the purchase date, increases in cash flows for purchased
impaired loans over those expected at the purchase date are
recognized as interest income prospectively. The present
value of any decreases in expected cash flows after the
purchase date is recognized by recording a charge-off through
the allowance for loan losses.
Non-accrual
loans - Generally,
commercial loans and loans secured by real estate are placed
on non-accrual status: (i) when either principal or interest
payments become 90 days or more past due based on contractual
terms unless the loan is sufficiently collateralized such
that full repayment of both principal and interest is
expected and is in the process of collection within a
reasonable period; or (ii) when an individual analysis of a
borrower’s creditworthiness indicates a credit should
be placed on non-accrual status whether or not the loan is 90
days or more past due. When a loan is placed on non-accrual
status, unpaid interest credited to income in the current
year is reversed, and unpaid interest accrued in prior years
is charged against the allowance for loan losses. Both
principal and interest payments are applied to the principal
on the loan. Future interest income may only be recorded on a
cash basis after recovery of principal is reasonably assured.
Non-accrual loans are returned to accrual status when the
financial position of the borrower and other relevant factors
indicate there is no longer doubt that the Company will
collect all principal and interest due.
Commercial
loans and loans secured by real estate are generally
charged-off when deemed uncollectible. A loss is recorded at
that time if the net realizable value can be quantified and
it is less than the associated principal and interest
outstanding. Consumer loans that are not secured by real
estate are subject to mandatory charge-off at a specified
delinquency date and are usually not classified as
non-accrual prior to being charged-off. Closed-end consumer
loans, which include installment, automobile, and single
payment loans are generally charged-off in full no later than
the end of the month in which the loan becomes 120 days past
due.
Generally,
purchased impaired loans are considered accruing loans.
However, the timing and amount of future cash flows for some
loans may not be reasonably estimable. Those loans were
classified as non-accrual loans as of September 30, 2011, and
interest income will not be recognized until the timing and
amount of the future cash flows can be reasonably
estimated.
Troubled Debt
Restructurings (“TDRs”) - TDRs are loans
for which the original contractual terms of the loans have
been modified and both of the following conditions exist: (i)
the restructuring constitutes a concession (including
forgiveness of principal or interest) and (ii) the borrower
is experiencing financial difficulties. Loans are not
classified as TDRs when the modification is short-term or
results in only an insignificant delay or shortfall in the
payments to be received. The Company’s TDRs are
determined on a case-by-case basis in connection with ongoing
loan collection processes.
The
Company does not accrue interest on any TDRs unless it
believes collection of all principal and interest under the
modified terms is reasonably assured. Generally, six months
of consecutive payment performance by the borrower under the
restructured terms is required before a TDR is returned to
accrual status assuming the loan is restructured at
reasonable market terms (e.g., not at below market terms).
However, the period could vary depending upon the individual
facts and circumstances of the loan.
For
a TDR to begin accruing interest, the borrower must
demonstrate both some level of performance and the capacity
to perform under the modified terms. A history of timely
payments and adherence to financial covenants generally serve
as sufficient evidence of the borrower’s performance.
An evaluation of the borrower’s current
creditworthiness is used to assess whether the borrower has
the capacity to repay the loan under the modified terms. This
evaluation includes an estimate of expected cash flows,
evidence of strong financial position, and estimates of the
value of collateral, if applicable.
Impaired
Loans - Impaired
loans consist of corporate non-accrual loans and TDRs in
accordance with applicable authoritative accounting
guidance.
With
the exception of loans that were restructured and still
accruing interest, a loan is considered impaired when, based
on current information and events, it is probable that the
Company will be unable to collect all contractual principal
and interest due according to the terms of the loan
agreement. Loans deemed to be impaired are classified as
non-accrual and are exclusive of smaller homogeneous loans,
such as home equity, installment, and 1-4 family mortgages.
When a loan is designated as impaired, any subsequent
principal and interest payments received are applied to the
principal on the loan. Future interest income may only be
recorded on a cash basis after recovery of principal is
reasonably assured.
Certain
impaired loans with balances under a specified threshold are
not individually evaluated for impairment. For all other
impaired loans, impairment is measured by estimating the
value of the loan based on the present value of expected
future cash flows discounted at the loan’s initial
effective interest rate or the fair value of the underlying
collateral less costs to sell, if repayment of the loan is
collateral-dependent. The Company evaluates the
collectability of both principal and interest when assessing
the need for loss accrual. All impaired loans are included in
non-performing assets. Purchased credit impaired loans are
not reported as impaired loans provided that they continue to
perform in accordance with expected cash flows.
90-Day
Past Due Loans - 90 days
or more past due loans are loans for which principal or
interest payments become 90 days or more past due, but that
still accrue interest. The Company continues to accrue
interest if it determines these loans are well secured and in
the process of collection.
Allowance
for Credit Losses -
The allowance for credit losses is comprised of the allowance
for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded commitments and
is maintained by management at a level believed adequate to
absorb estimated losses inherent in the existing loan
portfolio. Determination of the allowance for credit losses
is inherently subjective, as it requires significant
estimates, including the amounts and timing of expected
future cash flows on impaired loans, estimated losses on
pools of homogeneous loans based on a loss migration analysis
that uses historical loss experience, consideration of
current economic trends, and other factors, all of which may
be susceptible to significant change.
The
allowance for loan losses takes into consideration such
internal and external qualitative factors as changes in the
nature, volume, size, and current risk characteristics of the
loan portfolio; an assessment of individual problem loans;
actual and anticipated loss experience; current economic
conditions that affect the borrower’s ability to pay;
and other pertinent factors. Credit exposures deemed to be
uncollectible are charged-off against the allowance for loan
losses, while recoveries of amounts previously charged-off
are credited to the allowance for loan losses. Additions to
the allowance for loan losses are established through the
provision for loan losses charged to expense. The amount
charged to operating expense in any given period is dependent
upon a number of factors including historic loan growth,
changes in the composition of the loan portfolio, net
charge-off levels, and the Company’s assessment of the
allowance for loan losses based on the methodology discussed
below.
The
allowance for loan losses consists of (i) specific reserves
established for probable losses on individual loans for which
the recorded investment in the loan exceeds the value of the
loan, (ii) an allowance based on a loss migration analysis
that uses historical credit loss experience for each loan
category, and (iii) the impact of other internal and external
qualitative factors.
The
specific reserves component of the allowance for loan losses
is based on a periodic analysis of impaired loans exceeding a
fixed dollar amount where the internal credit rating is at or
below a predetermined classification, as well as other loans
regardless of internal credit rating that management believes
are subject to a higher risk of loss. The value of the loan
is measured based on the present value of expected future
cash flows, discounted at the loan’s initial effective
interest rate, or the fair value of the underlying collateral
less costs to sell, if repayment of the loan is
collateral-dependent. If the resulting amount is less than
the recorded book value, the Company either establishes a
valuation allowance (i.e., a specific reserve) as a component
of the allowance for loan losses or charges-off the impaired
balance if it determines that such amount is a confirmed
loss.
The
component of the allowance for loan losses is based on a loss
migration analysis that examines actual loss experience for a
rolling 8-quarter period and, for corporate loans, the
related internal rating of loans charged-off. The loss
migration analysis is performed quarterly and loss factors
are updated regularly based on actual experience. The loss
component derived from a migration analysis is then adjusted
for management’s estimate of those losses inherent in
the loan portfolio that have yet to be manifested in
historical charge-off experience. Management takes into
consideration many internal and external qualitative factors
when estimating this adjustment, including:
The
Company also maintains a reserve for unfunded credit
commitments, including letters of credit, to provide for the
risk of loss inherent in these arrangements. The reserve for
unfunded credit commitments is computed based on a loss
migration analysis similar to that used to determine the
allowance for loan losses, taking into consideration
probabilities of future funding requirements. This reserve
for unfunded commitments is included in other liabilities in
the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial
Condition.
The
establishment of the allowance for credit losses involves a
high degree of judgment and includes a level of imprecision
given the difficulty of identifying all of the factors
impacting loan repayment and the timing of when losses
actually occur. While management utilizes its best judgment
and information available, the ultimate adequacy of the
allowance for credit losses is dependent upon a variety of
factors beyond the Company’s control, including the
performance of its loan portfolio, the economy, changes in
interest rates and property values, and the interpretation by
regulatory authorities of loan risk classifications. While
each component of the allowance for credit losses is
determined separately, the entire balance is available for
the entire loan portfolio.
Comprehensive
Income – Comprehensive income is the total of
reported net income and other comprehensive income
(“OCI”). OCI includes all other revenues,
expenses, gains, and losses that are not reported in net
income under GAAP. The Company includes the following items,
net of tax, in other comprehensive income in the Consolidated
Statements of Comprehensive Income: (i) changes in unrealized
gains or losses on securities available-for-sale, (ii)
changes in the fair value of derivatives designated under
cash flow hedges (when applicable), and (iii) changes in the
funded status of the Company’s pension plan.
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