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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Provisions for Income Taxes
 202220212020
 ($ in millions)
Current:   
Federal$645 $553 $307 
State132 136 68 
Total current taxes777 689 375 
Deferred:   
Federal206 186 111 
State(123)(2)31 
Total deferred taxes83 184 142 
Income taxes$860 $873 $517 
Reconciliation of Statutory Rate to Effective Rate
“Income taxes” on the Consolidated Statements of Income differs from the amounts computed by applying the statutory federal corporate tax rate as follows:
 
 202220212020
 Amount%Amount%Amount%
 ($ in millions)
Federal income tax at statutory rate$867 21.0 $814 21.0 $531 21.0 
State income taxes, net of federal tax effect146 3.5 143 3.6 85 3.3 
State law changes(136)(3.3)(34)(0.8)— — 
Excess tax benefits on stock-based compensation(18)(0.4)(25)(0.6)(39)(1.5)
Other, net— (25)(0.7)(60)(2.4)
Income taxes$860 20.8 $873 22.5 $517 20.4 
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows:
 December 31,
 20222021
 ($ in millions)
Deferred tax assets:  
Accruals, including casualty and other claims$110 $92 
Compensation and benefits, including postretirement benefits99 181 
Other164 188 
Total gross deferred tax assets373 461 
Less valuation allowance(41)(60)
Net deferred tax assets332 401 
Deferred tax liabilities:  
Property(7,050)(7,016)
Other(547)(550)
Total deferred tax liabilities(7,597)(7,566)
Deferred income taxes$(7,265)$(7,165)
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
 December 31,
 20222021
 ($ in millions)
Balance at beginning of year$21 $22 
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year
Additions for tax positions of prior years
Settlements with taxing authorities(2)(5)
Lapse of statutes of limitations(1)(2)
Balance at end of year$22 $21