Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)



	Second Quarter				First Six Months
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	($ in millions)
Stock-based compensation expense	$	20	$	13	$	36	$	29
Total tax benefit	8		6		31		20

During 2019, a committee of nonemployee members of our Board of Directors (and the Chief Executive Officer under delegated authority by such committee) granted stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs) and performance share units (PSUs) pursuant to the Long-Term Incentive Plan (LTIP), as follows:



	Second Quarter			First Six Months
	Granted	Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value		Granted	Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value

Stock options	1,540	$	54.83	43,920	$	45.93
RSUs	2,870	203.25		211,190	163.87
PSUs	3,060	189.57		96,770	160.24



	Second Quarter				First Six Months
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	($ in millions)
Stock options exercised	215,546		215,132		621,917		470,114
Cash received upon exercise	$	16	$	16	$	44	$	33
Related tax benefit realized	6		3		15		7



	Second Quarter				First Six Months
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	($ in millions)
RSUs vested	506		—		166,055		160,200
Common Stock issued net of tax withholding	363		—		119,244		99,968
Related tax benefit realized	$	—	$	—	$	2	$	3



	First Six Months
	2019		2018
	($ in millions)
PSUs earned	331,099		154,189
Common Stock issued net of tax withholding	221,241		94,399
Related tax benefit realized	$	9	$	3