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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

Note 15 Income Taxes

A. Income Tax Expense

The consolidated effective tax rate decreased to 25.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared with 30.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2017. The significantly lower effective tax rate for 2018 was attributable to a lower U.S. tax rate effective January 1, 2018 resulting from U.S. tax reform legislation enacted in 2017. This favorable effect was partially offset by the reinstatement of the non-deductible health insurance industry tax in 2018 and the absence of an incremental tax benefit recognized in the second quarter of 2017 associated with merger-related costs (see Note 3).

For the six months ended June 30, 2018, there were no adjustments to the provisional amounts first recognized in fourth quarter 2017 as a result of U.S. tax reform legislation. In accordance with guidance of the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Company’s accounting for these amounts will be evaluated and adjusted, if needed, until we file our 2017 U.S. tax return later in 2018. In addition, the Company has evaluated the global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) provisions of U.S. tax reform that became effective January 1, 2018. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, the GILTI tax impact was immaterial. The Company will continue to evaluate these provisions in future periods as further guidance emerges. It is the Company’s policy to recognize any GILTI taxes as period costs when incurred.

The Company’s foreign operations continue to maintain a significant portion of their earnings overseas. These undistributed earnings are deployed outside of the United States predominantly in support of the liquidity and regulatory capital requirements of our foreign operations as well as to support growth initiatives overseas. The Company does not intend to repatriate these earnings to the United States. If the Company had intended to repatriate these foreign earnings to the United States, the Company would have recorded additional deferred tax liabilities of approximately $138 million for foreign withholding taxes as of June 30, 2018. A portion of these taxes may be eligible for credit against the Company’s U.S. tax liability.

B. Unrecognized Tax Benefits

Changes in unrecognized tax benefits were immaterial for the six months ended June 30, 2018.