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Employee Incentive Plans
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Employee Incentive Plans [Abstract]  
Employee Incentive Plans

Note 20 — Employee Incentive Plans

 

The People Resources Committee (“the Committee”) of the Board of Directors awards stock options, restricted stock, deferred stock and strategic performance shares to certain employees. The Committee has issued common stock instead of cash compensation and dividend equivalent rights to a very limited extent, as part of restricted and deferred stock units. The Company issues shares from Treasury stock for option exercises, awards of restricted stock grants and payment of strategic performance shares, deferred stock units and restricted stock units.

 

In connection with the HealthSpring acquisition on January 31, 2012, HealthSpring employees' awards of options and restricted shares of HealthSpring stock were rolled over to Cigna stock options and restricted stock. Unless otherwise indicated, information in this footnote includes the effect of the HealthSpring rollover awards.

 

Compensation cost and related tax benefits for these awards were as follows:

 

(In millions)201420132012
Compensation cost$ 101$ 88$ 98
Tax benefits$ 12$ 25$ 26

The Company had the following number of common stock shares available for award at December 31: 10.3 million in 2014, 13.2 million in 2013 and 8.4 million in 2012.

 

Stock options. The Company awards options to purchase the Company's common stock at the market price of the stock on the grant date. Options vest over periods ranging from one to five years and expire no later than 10 years from grant date.

 

The table below shows the status of, and changes in, common stock options during the last three years:

(Options in thousands)201420132012
   Weighted   Weighted   Weighted
   Average  Average  Average
 OptionsExercise PriceOptionsExercise PriceOptionsExercise Price
Outstanding - January 1  7,350$ 42.24  8,951$ 36.29  9,581$ 33.92
Granted  2,012$ 78.11  1,890$ 58.84  3,446$ 28.29
Exercised  (1,869)$ 41.29  (3,107)$ 34.99  (3,740)$ 22.72
Expired or canceled  (162)$ 64.27  (384)$ 43.86  (336)$ 37.85
Outstanding - December 31  7,331$ 51.84  7,350$ 42.24  8,951$ 36.29
Options exercisable at year-end  3,919$ 38.11  4,217$ 35.84  5,731$ 34.93

Compensation expense of $32 million related to unvested stock options at December 31, 2014 will be recognized over the next two years (weighted average period).

 

The table below summarizes information for stock options exercised during the last three years:

 

(In millions)201420132012
Intrinsic value of options exercised$ 84$ 105$ 95
Cash received for options exercised$ 76$ 109$ 85
Excess tax benefits realized from options exercised$ 19$ 23$ 15

The following table summarizes information for outstanding common stock options at December 31, 2014:

 

 

  Options  Options
  Outstanding Exercisable
Number (in thousands)  7,331  3,919
Total intrinsic value (in millions)$ 374$ 254
Weighted average exercise price$ 51.84$ 38.11
Weighted average remaining contractual life 6.8 5.2

The weighted average fair value of options granted under employee incentive plans was $23.56 for 2014, $19.84 for 2013 and $14.99 for 2012 (excluding the HealthSpring rollover options issued in 2012) using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the assumptions presented in the following table.

 201420132012
Dividend yield0.1%0.1%0.1%
Expected volatility35.0%40.0%40.0%
Risk-free interest rate1.3%0.7%0.8%
Expected option life4.3 years4.5 years4.5 years

The expected volatility reflects the Company's past daily stock price volatility. The Company does not consider volatility implied in the market prices of traded options to be a good indicator of future volatility because remaining maturities of traded options are less than one year. The risk-free interest rate is derived using the four-year U.S. Treasury bond yield rate as of the award date for the primary grant. Expected option life reflects the Company's historical experience.

 

Restricted stock. The Company awards restricted stock to its employees or directors with vesting periods ranging from two to five years. These awards are generally in one of two forms: restricted stock grants or restricted stock units. Restricted stock grants are the most widely used form of restricted stock award and are used for substantially all U.S.-based employees receiving such awards. Recipients of restricted stock grants accumulate dividends and can vote during the vesting period, but forfeit their awards and accumulated dividends if their employment terminates before the vesting date. Awards of restricted stock units are generally limited to overseas employees. A restricted stock unit represents a right to receive a common share of stock when the unit vests. Recipients of restricted stock units are entitled to accumulate hypothetical dividends, but cannot vote during the vesting period. They forfeit their units and accumulated dividends if their employment terminates before the vesting date.

 

The table below shows the status of, and changes in, restricted stock grants and units during the last three years:

(Awards in thousands)2014  2013  2012  
  Weighted Weighted Weighted
  Average Fair Value Average Fair Value Average Fair Value
 Grants/Unitsat Award DateGrants/Unitsat Award DateGrants/Unitsat Award Date
Outstanding - January 1 2,844$ 41.56 4,064$ 35.00 4,246$ 28.88
Awarded 454$ 78.99 525$ 59.36 1,563$ 44.37
Vested (1,065)$ 32.34 (1,480)$ 30.24 (1,485)$ 27.60
Forfeited (112)$ 52.95 (265)$ 39.46 (260)$ 33.61
Outstanding - December 31 2,121$ 53.59 2,844$ 41.56 4,064$ 35.00

The fair value of vested restricted stock was: $85 million in 2014, $94 million in 2013 and $66 million in 2012.

 

At the end of 2014, approximately 3,400 employees held 2.1 million restricted stock grants and units with $54 million of related compensation expense to be recognized over the next three years (weighted average period).

 

 

Strategic Performance Shares. The Company awards strategic performance shares to executives and certain other key employees generally with a performance period of three years. Strategic performance shares are divided into two broad groups: 50% are subject to a market condition (total shareholder return relative to industry peer companies) and 50% are subject to performance conditions (revenue growth and cumulative adjusted net income). These targets are set by the Committee. At the end of the performance period, holders of strategic performance shares will be awarded anywhere from 0 to 200% of the original grant of strategic performance shares in Cigna common stock.

 

The table below shows the status of, and changes in, strategic performance shares during the last three years:

 

(Awards in thousands)2014 2013 2012
  Weighted  Weighted  Weighted
 Grants/Average Fair Value Grants/Average Fair Value Grants/Average Fair Value
 Unitsat Award Date Unitsat Award Date Unitsat Award Date
Outstanding - January 1 1,572$ 49.67  1,600$ 41.92  834$ 39.45
Awarded 450$ 78.50  616$ 59.84  842$ 44.49
Vested (397)$ 43.53  (448)$ 36.88  -$ -
Forfeited (78)$ 58.41  (196)$ 47.52  (76)$ 43.39
Outstanding - December 31 1,547$ 59.20  1,572$ 49.67  1,600$ 41.92

The fair value of vested strategic performance shares was $57 million in 2014 and $42 million in 2013. No strategic performance shares vested in 2012.

 

At the end of 2014, approximately 1,200 employees held 1.5 million strategic performance shares and $32 million of related compensation expense is expected to be recognized over the next two years. For strategic performance shares subject to a performance condition, the amount of expense may vary based on actual performance in 2015 and 2016.