Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurements must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. There is a hierarchy of three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:



Level 1	Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in active exchange markets, such as the New York Stock Exchange. Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets or liabilities.



Level 2	Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in less active dealer or broker markets. Valuations are obtained from third party pricing services for identical or comparable assets or liabilities which use observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in active markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.



Level 3	Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Following is a description of the inputs and valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and recognized in the accompanying balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

Available-for-Sale Securities. The fair value of available-for-sale securities is determined by various valuation methodologies. Where quoted market prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or independent asset pricing services and pricing models, the inputs of which are market-based or independently sources market parameters, including but not limited to, yield curves, interest rates, volatilities, prepayments, defaults, cumulative loss projections and cash flows. Such securities are classified in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. In certain cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy and include subordinated tranches of collateralized mortgage obligations and investments in trust preferred securities.

Fair value determinations for Level 3 measurements of securities are the responsibility of the Treasury function of the Company. The Company contracts with a pricing specialist to generate fair value estimates on a monthly basis. The Treasury function of the Company challenges the reasonableness of the assumptions used and reviews the methodology to ensure the estimated fair value complies with accounting standards generally accepted in the United States, analyzes the changes in fair value and compares these changes to internally developed expectations and monitors these changes for appropriateness.

The trust preferred securities are collateralized debt obligation securities that are backed by trust preferred securities issued by banks, thrifts, and insurance companies. The market for these securities at December 31, 2017 and 2016 is not active and markets for similar securities are also not active. The inactivity was evidenced first by a significant widening of the bid-ask spread in the brokered markets in which trust preferred securities trade and then by a significant decrease in the volume of trades relative to historical levels. The new issue market is also inactive and will continue to be, as a result of the Dodd-Frank Act’s elimination of trust preferred securities from Tier 1 capital for certain holding companies. There are currently very few market participants who are willing and or able to transact for these securities. The market values for these securities are very depressed relative to historical levels. Given conditions in the debt markets today and the absence of observable transactions in the secondary and new issue markets, we determined:


•	The few observable transactions and market quotations that are available are not reliable for purposes of determining fair value at December 31, 2017 and 2016,


•	An income valuation approach technique (present value technique) that maximizes the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs will be equally or more representative of fair value than the market approach valuation technique used at prior measurement dates, and


•	The trust preferred securities held by the Company will be classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because we determined that significant adjustments are required to determine fair value at the measurement date.

The following table presents the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):



			Fair Value Measurements Using:
	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
December 31, 2017
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	113,770	$	—	$	113,770	$	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	166,266		—		166,266		—
Mortgage-backed securities	293,811		—		293,811		—
Trust preferred securities	2,548		—		—		2,548
Other securities	2,184		172		2,012		—
Total available-for-sale securities	$	578,579	$	172	$	575,859	$	2,548
December 31, 2016
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	136,324	$	—	$	136,324	$	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	162,705		—		162,705		—
Mortgage-backed securities	314,991		—		314,991		—
Trust preferred securities	1,652		—		—		1,652
Other securities	4,176		144		4,032		—
Total available-for-sale securities	$	619,848	$	144	$	618,052	$	1,652

The change in fair value of assets measured on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 is summarized as follows (in thousands):



	Trust Preferred Securities
	December 31, 2017			December 31, 2016
Beginning balance	$	1,652		$	1,906
Transfers into Level 3	—			—
Transfers out of Level 3	—			—
Total gains or losses
Included in net income	—			—
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)	1,053			(174		)
Purchases, issuances, sales and settlements
Purchases	—			—
Issuances	—			—
Sales	—			—
Settlements	(157		)	(80		)
Ending balance	$	2,548		$	1,652
Total gains or losses for the period included in net income attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses related to assets and liabilities still held at the reporting date	$	—		$	—

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and recognized in the accompanying balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

Impaired Loans (Collateral Dependent)

Loans for which it is probable that the Company will not collect all principal and interest due according to contractual terms are measured for impairment. Allowable methods for determining the amount of impairment and estimating fair value include using the fair value of the collateral for collateral dependent loans.

If the impaired loan is identified as collateral dependent, then the fair value method of measuring the amount of impairment is utilized. This method requires obtaining a current independent appraisal of the collateral and applying a discount factor to the value. Impaired loans that are collateral dependent are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy when impairment is determined using the fair value method.

Management establishes a specific allowance for loans that have an estimated fair value that is below the carrying value. The total carrying amount of loans for which a change in specific allowance has occurred as of December 31, 2017 was $3,665,000 and a fair value of $3,053,000 resulting in specific loss exposures of $612,000. As of December 31, 2016, the total carrying amount of loans for which a change specific allowance has occurred was $8,370,000. These loans had a fair value of $6,938,000 which resulted in specific loss exposures of $1,432,000.

When there is little prospect of collecting principal or interest, loans, or portions of loans, may be charged-off to the allowance for loan losses. Losses are recognized in the period an obligation becomes uncollectible. The recognition of a loss does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off the loan even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.

Foreclosed Assets Held For Sale

Other real estate owned acquired through loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. The adjustment at the time of foreclosure is recorded through the allowance for loan losses. Due to the subjective nature of establishing the fair value when the asset is acquired, the actual fair value of the other real estate owned or foreclosed asset could differ from the original estimate. If it is determined that fair value declines subsequent to foreclosure, a valuation allowance is recorded through noninterest expense. Operating costs associated with the assets after acquisition are also recorded as noninterest expense. Gains and losses on the disposition of other real estate owned and foreclosed assets are netted and posted to other noninterest expense. The total carrying amount of other real estate owned as of December 31, 2017 was $2,754,000. Other real estate owned included in the total carrying amount and measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the period amounted to $91,000. The total carrying amount of other real estate owned as of December 31, 2016 was $1,982,000. Other real estate owned included in the total carrying amount and measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the period amounted to $173,000.

The following table presents the fair value measurement of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):



	Fair Value Measurements Using
	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
December 31, 2017
Impaired loans (collateral dependent)	$	3,053	$	—	$	—	$	3,053
Foreclosed assets held for sale	91		—		—		91
December 31, 2016
Impaired loans (collateral dependent)	$	6,938	$	—	$	—	$	6,938
Foreclosed assets held for sale	173		—		—		173

Sensitivity of Significant Unobservable Inputs

The following is a discussion of the sensitivity of significant unobservable inputs, the interrelationships between those inputs and other unobservable inputs used in recurring fair value measurement and of how those inputs might magnify or mitigate the effect of changes in the unobservable inputs on the fair value measurement.

Trust Preferred Securities. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s trust preferred securities are offered quotes and comparability adjustments. Significant increases (decreases) in any of those inputs in isolation would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. Generally, changes in either of those inputs will not affect the other input.

The following table presents quantitative information about unobservable inputs used in recurring and nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements other than goodwill at December 31, 2017.



	Fair Value (in thousands)		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range (Weighted Average)
Trust Preferred Securities	$	2,548	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	12.7	%
				Constant prepayment rate (1)	1.3	%
				Cumulative projected prepayments	21.6	%
				Probability of default	0.5	%
				Projected cures given deferral	0.0	%
				Loss severity	97.7	%
Impaired loans (collateral dependent)	3,053		Third party valuations	Discount to reflect realizable value	0	%	-	40%	(	20	%	)
Foreclosed assets held for sale	91		Third party valuations	Discount to reflect realizable value less estimated selling costs	0	%	-	40%	(	35	%	)


(1)	Every five years

The following table presents quantitative information about unobservable inputs used in recurring and nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements other than goodwill at December 31, 2016.



	Fair Value (in thousands)		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range (Weighted Average)
Trust Preferred Securities	$	1,652	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	13.6%
				Constant prepayment rate (1)	1.3%
				Cumulative projected prepayments	22.4%
				Probability of default	0.5%
				Projected cures given deferral	0.0%
				Loss severity	97.6%
Impaired loans (collateral dependent)	6,938		Third party valuations	Discount to reflect realizable value	0%	-	40%	(	20%	)
Foreclosed assets held for sale	$	173	Third party valuations	Discount to reflect realizable value less estimated selling costs	0%	-	40%	(	35%	)


(1)	Every five years

Other. The following methods were used to estimate the fair value of all other financial instruments recognized in the accompanying balance sheets at amounts other than fair value.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Federal Funds Sold, Interest Receivable, Federal Reserve and Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

The carrying amount approximates fair value.

Certificates of Deposit Investments

The fair value of certificates of deposit investments is estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies the rates currently offered for

deposits of similar remaining maturities.

Held-to-Maturity Securities

Fair Value is based on quoted market prices, if available. If a quoted market price is not available, fair value is estimated using quoted

market prices for similar securities.

Loans Held for Sale

Loans expected to be sold are classified as held for sale and are recorded at the lower of aggregate cost or market value.

Loans

For loans with floating interest rates, it is assumed that the estimated fair values generally approximate the carrying amount balances. Fixed rate loans have been valued using a discounted present value of projected cash flow. The discount rate used in these calculations is the current rate at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. The carrying amount of accrued interest approximates its fair value.

Deposits

Deposits include demand deposits, savings accounts, NOW accounts and certain money market deposits. The carrying amount of these deposits approximates fair value. The fair value of fixed-maturity time deposits is estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

The fair value of securities sold under agreements to repurchased is estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

Interest Payable

The carrying amount approximates fair value.

Junior Subordinated Debentures, Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowings, and Other Borrowings

Rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities are used to estimate the fair value of existing debt.

The following tables present estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments at December 31, 2017 and 2016 in accordance with FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1, codified with ASC 805 (in thousands):



	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
December 31, 2017
Financial Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	88,388	$	88,388	$	88,388	$	—	$	—
Federal funds sold	491		491		491		—		—
Certificates of deposit investments	1,685		1,692		—		1,692		—
Available-for-sale securities	578,579		578,579		172		575,859		2,548
Held-to-maturity securities	69,332		68,457		—		68,457		—
Loans held for sale	1,025		1,025		—		1,025		—
Loans net of allowance for loan losses	1,918,499		1,899,678		—		—		1,899,678
Interest receivable	10,832		10,832		—		10,832		—
Federal Reserve Bank stock	5,160		5,160		—		5,160		—
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	2,407		2,407		—		2,407		—
Financial Liabilities
Deposits	2,274,639		2,272,868		—		1,930,604		342,264
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	155,388		155,394		—		155,394		—
Interest payable	602		602		—		602		—
Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings	60,038		59,968		—		59,968		—
Other borrowings	10,313		10,313		—		10,313		—
Junior subordinated debentures	24,000		18,050		—		18,050		—



December 31, 2016
Financial Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	137,002	$	137,002	$	137,002	$	—	$	—
Federal funds sold	38,900		38,900		38,900		—		—
Certificates of deposit investments	14,643		14,651		—		14,651		—
Available-for-sale securities	619,848		619,848		144		618,052		1,652
Held-to-maturity securities	74,231		73,096		—		73,096		—
Loans held for sale	1,175		1,175		—		1,175		—
Loans net of allowance for loan losses	1,808,064		1,795,764		—		—		1,795,764
Interest receivable	10,553		10,553		—		10,553		—
Federal Reserve Bank stock	3,949		3,949		—		3,949		—
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	4,389		4,389		—		4,389		—
Financial Liabilities
Deposits	2,329,887		2,331,725		—		1,976,806		354,919
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	185,763		185,766		—		185,766		—
Interest payable	535		535		—		535		—
Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings	40,094		40,318		—		40,318		—
Other borrowings	18,063		18,063		—		18,063		—
Junior subordinated debentures	23,917		17,068		—		17,068		—