The Corporation manages its exposure to certain interest rate and foreign currency risks through the use of derivatives. Certain of the Corporation's outstanding derivative contracts are designated as hedges, and none are entered into for speculative purposes. The Corporation does enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain of its risks, even if hedge accounting does not apply or the Corporation elects not to apply hedge accounting.

The Corporation records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Corporation has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. For derivatives where hedge accounting is applied, changes in fair value are recognized in other comprehensive income. For derivatives where hedge accounting does not apply, changes in fair value are recognized in earnings as components of interest income, non-interest income or non-interest expense on the consolidated statements of income.

Derivative contracts create counterparty credit risk with both the Corporation's customers and with institutional derivative counterparties. The Corporation manages counterparty credit risk through its credit approval processes, monitoring procedures and obtaining adequate collateral, when the Corporation determines it is appropriate to do so and in accordance with counterparty contracts.

For each of the derivatives, gross derivative assets and liabilities are recorded in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets. Related gains and losses on these derivative instruments are recorded in other changes, net on the consolidated statement of cash flows.

In connection with its mortgage banking activities, the Corporation enters into commitments to originate certain fixed-rate residential mortgage loans for customers, also referred to as interest rate locks. In addition, the Corporation enters into forward commitments for the future sales or purchases of mortgage-backed securities to or from third-party counterparties to hedge the effect of changes in interest rates on the values of both the interest rate locks and mortgage loans held for sale. Forward sales commitments may also be in the form of commitments to sell individual mortgage loans at a fixed price at a future date. The amount necessary to settle each interest rate lock is based on the price that secondary market investors would pay for loans with similar characteristics, including interest rate and term, as of the date fair value is measured.

The Corporation enters into interest rate swaps with certain qualifying commercial loan customers to meet their interest rate risk management needs. The Corporation simultaneously enters into interest rate swaps with dealer counterparties, with identical notional amounts and terms. The net result of these interest rate swaps is that the customer pays a fixed rate of interest and the Corporation receives a floating rate. As the interest rate derivatives associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer derivatives and the offsetting derivatives are recognized directly in earnings. The Corporation’s existing credit derivatives result from participations in interest rate swaps provided by external lenders as part of loan participation arrangements, therefore, are not used to manage interest rate risk in the Corporation’s assets or liabilities. Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and result from a service the Corporation provides to certain lenders which participate in loans. The Corporation is required to clear all eligible interest rate swap contracts with a clearing agent and is subject to the regulations of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

The Corporation’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to reduce volatility in net interest income and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Corporation primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. During the first quarter of 2021, the Corporation entered into interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges to hedge the variable cash flows associated with existing floating rate loans. These hedge contracts involve the receipt of fixed-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Corporation making floating-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the unrealized gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in AOCI and subsequently reclassified into interest income in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in AOCI related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest income as interest payments are made on the Corporation’s variable-rate liabilities. During the next twelve months, the Corporation estimates that an additional $3.4 million will be reclassified as an increase to interest income.

The Corporation enters into foreign exchange contracts to accommodate the needs of its customers. Foreign exchange contracts are commitments to buy or sell foreign currency on a specific date at a contractual price. The Corporation limits its foreign exchange exposure with customers by entering into contracts with institutional counterparties to mitigate its foreign exchange risk. The Corporation also holds certain amounts of foreign currency with international correspondent banks ("Foreign Currency Nostro Accounts"). The Corporation limits the total overnight net foreign currency open positions, which is defined as an aggregate of all outstanding contracts and Foreign Currency Nostro Account balances, to $500,000.


	September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Notional Amount		Asset (Liability) Fair Value		Notional Amount		Asset (Liability) Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Interest Rate Locks with Customers
Positive fair values	$	304,893	$	2,990	$	382,903	$	8,034
Negative fair values	3,366		(18)		3,154		(35)

Forward Commitments
Positive fair values	53,000		630		—		—
Negative fair values	—		—		292,262		(2,263)

Interest Rate Swaps with Customers
Positive fair values	3,205,646		183,850		3,834,062		330,951
Negative fair values	701,719		(2,633)		45,640		(2)

Interest Rate Swaps with Dealer Counterparties
Positive fair values	701,719		2,633		45,640		2
Negative fair values	3,205,646		(94,235)		3,834,062		(165,205)

Interest Rate Swaps used in Cash Flow Hedges
Positive fair values	400,000		377		—		—
Negative fair values	100,000		(150)		—		—
Foreign Exchange Contracts with Customers
Positive fair values	9,782		293		1,121		5
Negative fair values	649		(13)		5,963		(275)

Foreign Exchange Contracts with Correspondent Banks
Positive fair values	1,525		26		6,372		318
Negative fair values	10,554		(284)		1,422		(5)


	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative		Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI Included Component		Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI Excluded Component		Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized from AOCI into Income	Amount of Gain Reclassified from AOCI into Income		Amount of Gain Reclassified from AOCI into Income Included Component		Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income Excluded Component
	(in thousands)
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships:
Three months ended September 30, 2021
Interest Rate Products	$	(280)	$	(280)	$	—	Interest income	$	873	$	873	$	—
Nine months ended September 30, 2021
Interest Rate Products	$	1,215	$	1,215	$	—	Interest income	$	1,894	$	1,894	$	—




	Consolidated Statements of Income Classification
	Interest Income
	Three months ended		Nine months ended
	September 30, 2021		September 30, 2021
	(in thousands)
Total amounts of income line items presented in the consolidated statements of income in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded	$	873	$	1,894
The effects of fair value and cash flow hedging:
Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships	—		—
Interest contracts:
Amount of gain reclassified from AOCI into income	873		1,894
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income as a result that a forecasted transaction is no longer probable of occurring	—		—
Amount of Gain Reclassified from AOCI into Income - Included Component	873		1,894
Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income - Excluded Component	—		—


	Consolidated Statements of Income Classification	Three months ended September 30				Nine months ended September 30
		2021		2020		2021		2020
		(in thousands)
Mortgage banking derivatives (1)	Mortgage banking income	$	228	$	1,783	$	(2,134)	$	9,527

Interest rate swaps	Other expense	1,069		(12)		861		70

Foreign exchange contracts	Other income	(17)		25		(21)		42

Net fair value gains/(losses) on derivative financial instruments		$	1,280	$	1,796	$	(1,294)	$	9,639

The Corporation has elected to measure mortgage loans held for sale at fair value. The following table presents a summary of mortgage loans held for sale and the impact of the fair value election on the consolidated financial statements as of the periods shown:

Losses related to changes in fair values of mortgage loans held for sale were $239,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to gains of $658,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2020. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, losses related to changes in fair values of mortgage loans held for sale were $2.5 million compared to $2.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Although certain financial assets and liabilities may be eligible for offset on the consolidated balance sheets because they are subject to master netting arrangements or similar agreements, the Corporation elects to not offset such qualifying assets and liabilities.

The Corporation is a party to interest rate swaps with financial institution counterparties and customers. Under these agreements, the Corporation has the right to net-settle multiple contracts with the same counterparty in the event of default on, or termination of, any one contract. Cash collateral is posted by the party with a net liability position in accordance with contract thresholds and can be used to settle the fair value of the interest rate swap agreements in the event of default. A daily settlement occurs through a clearing agent for changes in the fair value of centrally cleared derivatives. Not all of the derivatives are required to be cleared daily through a clearing agent. As a result, the total fair values of interest rate swap derivative assets and liabilities recognized on the consolidated balance sheet are not equal and offsetting.

The Corporation is also a party to foreign currency exchange contracts with financial institution counterparties, under which the Corporation has the right to net-settle multiple contracts with the same counterparty in the event of default on, or termination of, any one contract. As with interest rate swaps, collateral is posted by the party with a net liability position in accordance with contract thresholds and can be used to settle the fair value of the foreign currency exchange contracts in the event of default.

The Corporation also enters into agreements with customers in which it sells securities subject to an obligation to repurchase the same or similar securities, referred to as repurchase agreements. Under these agreements, the Corporation may transfer legal control over the assets but still maintain effective control through agreements that both entitle and obligate the Corporation to repurchase the assets. Therefore, repurchase agreements are reported as secured borrowings, classified in short-term borrowings on the consolidated balance sheets, while the securities underlying the repurchase agreements remain classified with AFS investment securities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Corporation has no intention of setting off these amounts, therefore, these repurchase agreements are not eligible for offset.

As of September 30, 2021, the fair value of derivatives were in a net asset position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, related to these agreements and as such the Corporation did not post any collateral to its derivative counterparty.


	Gross Amounts		Gross Amounts Not Offset
	Recognized		on the Consolidated
	on the		Balance Sheets
	Consolidated		Financial		Cash		Net
	Balance Sheets		Instruments(1)		Collateral (2)		Amount
	(in thousands)
September 30, 2021
Interest rate swap derivative assets	$	186,860	$	(4,205)	$	—	$	182,655

Foreign exchange derivative assets with correspondent banks	26		(26)		—		—
Total	$	186,886	$	(4,231)	$	—	$	182,655

Interest rate swap derivative liabilities	$	97,018	$	(3,978)	$	(90,620)	$	2,420

Foreign exchange derivative liabilities with correspondent banks	284		(26)		—		258
Total	$	97,302	$	(4,004)	$	(90,620)	$	2,678

December 31, 2020
Interest rate swap derivative assets	$	330,951	$	(2)	$	—	$	330,949
Foreign exchange derivative assets with correspondent banks	318		(5)		—		313
Total	$	331,269	$	(7)	$	—	$	331,262

Interest rate swap derivative liabilities	$	165,205	$	(2)	$	(165,203)	$	—
Foreign exchange derivative liabilities with correspondent banks	5		(5)		—		—
Total	$	165,210	$	(7)	$	(165,203)	$	—

(1)For interest rate swap assets, amounts represent any derivative liability fair values that could be offset in the event of counterparty or customer default. For interest rate swap liabilities, amounts represent any derivative asset fair values that could be offset in the event of counterparty or customer default.

(2)Amounts represent cash collateral received from the counterparty or posted by the Corporation on interest rate swap transactions and foreign exchange contracts with financial institution counterparties. Interest rate swaps with customers are collateralized by the same collateral securing the underlying loans to those borrowers. Cash and securities collateral amounts are included in the table only to the extent of the net derivative fair values.