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Derivatives and Hedging
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2014
Derivatives and Hedging

8. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING

 

OBJECTIVES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

 

We are exposed to certain market risks as a major power producer and marketer of wholesale electricity, natural gas, coal and emission allowances. These risks include commodity price risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and, to a lesser extent, foreign currency exchange risk. These risks represent the risk of loss that may impact us due to changes in the underlying market prices or rates. We manage these risks using derivative instruments.

STRATEGIES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS TO ACHIEVE OBJECTIVES

 

Risk Management Strategies

 

Our strategy surrounding the use of derivative instruments primarily focuses on managing our risk exposures, future cash flows and creating value utilizing both economic and formal hedging strategies. Our risk management strategies also include the use of derivative instruments for trading purposes, focusing on seizing market opportunities to create value driven by expected changes in the market prices of the commodities in which we transact. To accomplish our objectives, we primarily employ risk management contracts including physical and financial forward purchase-and-sale contracts and, to a lesser extent, OTC swaps and options. Not all risk management contracts meet the definition of a derivative under the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative risk management contracts elected normal under the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception are not subject to the requirements of this accounting guidance.

 

We enter into power, coal, natural gas, interest rate and, to a lesser extent, heating oil, gasoline and other commodity contracts to manage the risk associated with our energy business. We enter into interest rate derivative contracts in order to manage the interest rate exposure associated with our commodity portfolio. For disclosure purposes, such risks are grouped as “Commodity,” as they are related to energy risk management activities. We also engage in risk management of interest rate risk associated with debt financing and foreign currency risk associated with future purchase obligations denominated in foreign currencies. For disclosure purposes, these risks are grouped as “Interest Rate and Foreign Currency.” The amount of risk taken is determined by the Commercial Operations and Finance groups in accordance with our established risk management policies as approved by the Finance Committee of our Board of Directors.

 

The following table represents the gross notional volume of our outstanding derivative contracts as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

 Notional Volume of Derivative Instruments
           
    Volume  
    March 31, December 31, Unit of
   2014 2013 Measure
 Primary Risk Exposure (in millions) 
 Commodity:        
  Power   320   406 MWhs
  Coal   4   4 Tons
  Natural Gas   123   127 MMBtus
  Heating Oil and Gasoline   4   6 Gallons
  Interest Rate $ 192 $ 191 USD
           
 Interest Rate and Foreign Currency $ 819 $ 820 USD

Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

We enter into interest rate derivative transactions as part of an overall strategy to manage the mix of fixed-rate and floating-rate debt. Certain interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify our exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of our fixed-rate debt to a floating rate. Provided specific criteria are met, these interest rate derivatives are designated as fair value hedges.

Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

We enter into and designate as cash flow hedges certain derivative transactions for the purchase and sale of power and natural gas (“Commodity”) in order to manage the variable price risk related to the forecasted purchase and sale of these commodities. We monitor the potential impacts of commodity price changes and, where appropriate, enter into derivative transactions to protect profit margins for a portion of future electricity sales and fuel or energy purchases. We do not hedge all commodity price risk.

 

Our vehicle fleet and barge operations are exposed to gasoline and diesel fuel price volatility. We enter into financial heating oil and gasoline derivative contracts in order to mitigate price risk of our future fuel purchases. We discontinued cash flow hedge accounting for these derivative contracts effective March 31, 2014. During the three months ended March 31, 2013, we designated financial heating oil and gasoline derivatives as cash flow hedges. For disclosure purposes, these contracts were included with other hedging activities as “Commodity” as of December 31, 2013. As of March 31, 2014, these contracts will be grouped as “Commodity” with other risk management activities. We do not hedge all fuel price risk.

 

We enter into a variety of interest rate derivative transactions in order to manage interest rate risk exposure. Some interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify our exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of our floating-rate debt to a fixed rate. We also enter into interest rate derivative contracts to manage interest rate exposure related to future borrowings of fixed-rate debt. Our forecasted fixed-rate debt offerings have a high probability of occurrence as the proceeds will be used to fund existing debt maturities and projected capital expenditures. We do not hedge all interest rate exposure.

 

At times, we are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risks primarily when we purchase certain fixed assets from foreign suppliers. In accordance with our risk management policy, we may enter into foreign currency derivative transactions to protect against the risk of increased cash outflows resulting from a foreign currency's appreciation against the dollar. We do not hedge all foreign currency exposure.

ACCOUNTING FOR DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND THE IMPACT ON OUR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging” requires recognition of all qualifying derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the condensed balance sheets at fair value. The fair values of derivative instruments accounted for using MTM accounting or hedge accounting are based on exchange prices and broker quotes. If a quoted market price is not available, the estimate of fair value is based on the best information available including valuation models that estimate future energy prices based on existing market and broker quotes, supply and demand market data and assumptions. In order to determine the relevant fair values of our derivative instruments, we also apply valuation adjustments for discounting, liquidity and credit quality.

 

Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will fail to perform on the contract or fail to pay amounts due. Liquidity risk represents the risk that imperfections in the market will cause the price to vary from estimated fair value based upon prevailing market supply and demand conditions. Since energy markets are imperfect and volatile, there are inherent risks related to the underlying assumptions in models used to fair value risk management contracts. Unforeseen events may cause reasonable price curves to differ from actual price curves throughout a contract's term and at the time a contract settles. Consequently, there could be significant adverse or favorable effects on future net income and cash flows if market prices are not consistent with our estimates of current market consensus for forward prices in the current period. This is particularly true for longer term contracts. Cash flows may vary based on market conditions, margin requirements and the timing of settlement of our risk management contracts.

 

According to the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging,” we reflect the fair values of our derivative instruments subject to netting agreements with the same counterparty net of related cash collateral. For certain risk management contracts, we are required to post or receive cash collateral based on third party contractual agreements and risk profiles. For the March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 condensed balance sheets, we netted $19 million and $4 million, respectively, of cash collateral received from third parties against short-term and long-term risk management assets and $17 million and $13 million, respectively, of cash collateral paid to third parties against short-term and long-term risk management liabilities.

 

The following tables represent the gross fair value impact of our derivative activity on our condensed balance sheets as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
March 31, 2014
  
             Gross Amounts Gross Net Amounts of
   Risk Management     of Risk Amounts Assets/Liabilities
   Contracts Hedging Contracts Management Offset in the Presented in the
       Interest Rate Assets/ Statement of  Statement of
       and Foreign  Liabilities Financial Financial
Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Recognized Position (b) Position (c)
                    
   (in millions)
Current Risk Management Assets $ 442 $ 23 $ 4 $ 469 $ (344) $ 125
Long-term Risk Management Assets   342   5   -   347   (81)   266
Total Assets   784   28   4   816   (425)   391
                    
Current Risk Management Liabilities   384   16   1   401   (341)   60
Long-term Risk Management Liabilities    205   4   13   222   (85)   137
Total Liabilities   589   20   14   623   (426)   197
                    
Total MTM Derivative Contract Net                  
 Assets (Liabilities) $ 195 $ 8 $ (10) $ 193 $ 1 $ 194
                    
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
December 31, 2013
  
            Gross Amounts Gross Net Amounts of
   Risk Management     of Risk Amounts Assets/Liabilities
   Contracts Hedging Contracts Management Offset in the Presented in the
       Interest Rate Assets/Statement of  Statement of
       and Foreign LiabilitiesFinancial Financial
Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Recognized Position (b) Position (c)
                    
   (in millions)
Current Risk Management Assets $ 347 $ 12 $ 4 $ 363 $ (203) $ 160
Long-term Risk Management Assets   368   3   -   371   (74)   297
Total Assets   715   15   4   734   (277)   457
                    
Current Risk Management Liabilities   292   11   1   304   (214)   90
Long-term Risk Management Liabilities    237   3   15   255   (78)   177
Total Liabilities   529   14   16   559   (292)   267
                    
Total MTM Derivative Contract Net                  
 Assets (Liabilities) $ 186 $ 1 $ (12) $ 175 $ 15 $ 190

(a)       Derivative instruments within these categories are reported gross. These instruments are subject to master netting agreements and are presented on the condensed balance sheets on a net basis in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging."

(b)       Amounts primarily include counterparty netting of risk management and hedging contracts and associated cash collateral in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging." Amounts also include de-designated risk management contracts.

(c)       There are no derivative contracts subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement which are not offset in the statement of financial position.

The table below presents our activity of derivative risk management contracts for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013:

 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2014 and 2013
        
 Location of Gain (Loss) 2014  2013
   (in millions)
 Vertically Integrated Utilities Revenues $ 18 $ 6
 Generation & Marketing Revenues   32   16
 Regulatory Assets (a)   -   2
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   89   (6)
 Total Gain on Risk Management Contracts $ 139 $ 18

(a)       Represents realized and unrealized gains and losses subject to regulatory accounting treatment recorded as either current or noncurrent on the condensed balance sheets.

Certain qualifying derivative instruments have been designated as normal purchase or normal sale contracts, as provided in the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative contracts that have been designated as normal purchases or normal sales under that accounting guidance are not subject to MTM accounting treatment and are recognized on the condensed statements of income on an accrual basis.

 

Our accounting for the changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it qualifies for and has been designated as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship. Depending on the exposure, we designate a hedging instrument as a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge.

 

For contracts that have not been designated as part of a hedging relationship, the accounting for changes in fair value depends on whether the derivative instrument is held for trading purposes. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments held for trading purposes are included in revenues on a net basis on the condensed statements of income. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments not held for trading purposes are included in revenues or expenses on the condensed statements of income depending on the relevant facts and circumstances. However, unrealized and some realized gains and losses in regulated jurisdictions for both trading and non-trading derivative instruments are recorded as regulatory assets (for losses) or regulatory liabilities (for gains) in accordance with the accounting guidance for “Regulated Operations.”

Accounting for Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

For fair value hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability or an identified portion thereof attributable to a particular risk), the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item associated with the hedged risk impacts Net Income during the period of change.

 

We record realized and unrealized gains or losses on interest rate swaps that qualify for fair value hedge accounting treatment and any offsetting changes in the fair value of the debt being hedged in Interest Expense on our condensed statements of income. During the three months ended March 31, 2014, we recognized gains of $2 million on our hedging instruments and offsetting losses of $2 million on our long-term debt. During the three months ended March 31, 2013, we recognized losses of $1 million on our hedging instruments and offsetting gains of $1 million on our long-term debt. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, hedge ineffectiveness was immaterial.

Accounting for Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

For cash flow hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows attributable to a particular risk), we initially report the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on our condensed balance sheets until the period the hedged item affects Net Income. We recognize any hedge ineffectiveness in Net Income immediately during the period of change, except in regulated jurisdictions where hedge ineffectiveness is recorded as a regulatory asset (for losses) or a regulatory liability (for gains).

 

Realized gains and losses on derivative contracts for the purchase and sale of power, coal and natural gas designated as cash flow hedges are included in Revenues, Fuel and Other Consumables Used for Electric Generation or Purchased Electricity for Resale on our condensed statements of income, or in Regulatory Assets or Regulatory Liabilities on our condensed balance sheets, depending on the specific nature of the risk being hedged. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, we designated power, coal and natural gas derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

We reclassify gains and losses on heating oil and gasoline derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on our condensed balance sheets into Other Operation expense, Maintenance expense or Depreciation and Amortization expense, as it relates to capital projects, on our condensed statements of income. During the three months ended March 31, 2013, we designated heating oil and gasoline derivatives as cash flow hedges. We discontinued cash flow hedge accounting for these derivative contracts effective March 31, 2014.

 

We reclassify gains and losses on interest rate derivative hedges related to our debt financings from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on our condensed balance sheets into Interest Expense on our condensed statements of income in those periods in which hedged interest payments occur. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, we designated interest rate derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The accumulated gains or losses related to our foreign currency hedges are reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on our condensed balance sheets into Depreciation and Amortization expense on our condensed statements of income over the depreciable lives of the fixed assets designated as the hedged items in qualifying foreign currency hedging relationships. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, we did not designate any foreign currency derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, hedge ineffectiveness was immaterial or nonexistent for all cash flow hedge strategies disclosed above.

 

For details on designated, effective cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on our condensed balance sheets and the reasons for changes in cash flow hedges for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, see Note 3.

Cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 were:

 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Condensed Balance Sheet
 March 31, 2014
             
        Interest Rate   
        and Foreign    
     Commodity Currency Total
     (in millions)
 Hedging Assets (a) $ 13 $ - $ 13
 Hedging Liabilities (a)   5   2   7
 AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax   4   (22)   (18)
 Portion Expected to be Reclassified to Net         
  Income During the Next Twelve Months   3   (4)   (1)
             
 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Condensed Balance Sheet
 December 31, 2013
             
        Interest Rate   
        and Foreign    
     Commodity Currency Total
     (in millions)
 Hedging Assets (a) $ 7 $ - $ 7
 Hedging Liabilities (a)   6   2   8
 AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax   -   (23)   (23)
 Portion Expected to be Reclassified to Net         
  Income During the Next Twelve Months   -   (4)   (4)

(a)       Hedging Assets and Hedging Liabilities are included in Risk Management Assets and Liabilities on the condensed balance sheets.

The actual amounts that we reclassify from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to Net Income can differ from the estimate above due to market price changes. As of March 31, 2014, the maximum length of time that we are hedging (with contracts subject to the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging”) our exposure to variability in future cash flows related to forecasted transactions was 41 months.

Credit Risk

 

We limit credit risk in our wholesale marketing and trading activities by assessing the creditworthiness of potential counterparties before entering into transactions with them and continuing to evaluate their creditworthiness on an ongoing basis. We use Moody's, Standard and Poor's and current market-based qualitative and quantitative data as well as financial statements to assess the financial health of counterparties on an ongoing basis.

 

When we use standardized master agreements, these agreements may include collateral requirements. These master agreements facilitate the netting of cash flows associated with a single counterparty. Cash, letters of credit and parental/affiliate guarantees may be obtained as security from counterparties in order to mitigate credit risk. The collateral agreements require a counterparty to post cash or letters of credit in the event an exposure exceeds our established threshold. The threshold represents an unsecured credit limit which may be supported by a parental/affiliate guaranty, as determined in accordance with our credit policy. In addition, collateral agreements allow for termination and liquidation of all positions in the event of a failure or inability to post collateral.

Collateral Triggering Events

 

Under the tariffs of the RTOs and Independent System Operators (ISOs), a limited number of derivative and non-derivative contracts primarily related to our competitive retail auction loads, and guaranties for contractual obligations, we are obligated to post an additional amount of collateral if our credit ratings decline below a specified rating threshold. The amount of collateral required fluctuates based on market prices and our total exposure. On an ongoing basis, our risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these collateral triggering items in contracts. AEP and its subsidiaries have not experienced a downgrade below a specified rating threshold that would require the posting of additional collateral. The following table represents: (a) our fair value of such derivative contracts, (b) the amount of collateral we would have been required to post for all derivative and non-derivative contracts and guaranties for contractual obligations if our credit ratings had declined below a specified rating threshold and (c) how much was attributable to RTO and ISO activities as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

    March 31, December 31,
    2014 2013
    (in millions)
 Liabilities for Derivative Contracts with Credit Downgrade Triggers $ 2 $ 3
 Amount of Collateral AEP Subsidiaries Would Have Been      
  Required to Post   144   33
 Amount Attributable to RTO and ISO Activities   38   28

In addition, a majority of our non-exchange traded commodity contracts contain cross-default provisions that, if triggered, would permit the counterparty to declare a default and require settlement of the outstanding payable. These cross-default provisions could be triggered if there was a non-performance event by Parent or the obligor under outstanding debt or a third party obligation in excess of $50 million. On an ongoing basis, our risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these cross-default provisions in our contracts. The following table represents: (a) the fair value of these derivative liabilities subject to cross-default provisions prior to consideration of contractual netting arrangements, (b) the amount this exposure has been reduced by cash collateral we have posted and (c) if a cross-default provision would have been triggered, the settlement amount that would be required after considering our contractual netting arrangements as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

   March 31, December 31,
   2014 2013
   (in millions)
 Liabilities for Contracts with Cross Default Provisions Prior to Contractual      
  Netting Arrangements $ 225 $ 293
 Amount of Cash Collateral Posted   -   1
 Additional Settlement Liability if Cross Default Provision is Triggered   177   235
Appalachian Power Co [Member]
 
Derivatives and Hedging

8. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING

 

OBJECTIVES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries are exposed to certain market risks as major power producers and marketers of wholesale electricity, natural gas, coal and emission allowances. These risks include commodity price risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and, to a lesser extent, foreign currency exchange risk. These risks represent the risk of loss that may impact the Registrant Subsidiaries due to changes in the underlying market prices or rates. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, manages these risks using derivative instruments.

STRATEGIES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS TO ACHIEVE OBJECTIVES

 

Risk Management Strategies

 

The strategy surrounding the use of derivative instruments primarily focuses on managing risk exposures, future cash flows and creating value utilizing both economic and formal hedging strategies. The risk management strategies also include the use of derivative instruments for trading purposes, focusing on seizing market opportunities to create value driven by expected changes in the market prices of the commodities in which AEPSC transacts on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries. To accomplish these objectives, AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, primarily employs risk management contracts including physical and financial forward purchase-and-sale contracts and, to a lesser extent, OTC swaps and options. Not all risk management contracts meet the definition of a derivative under the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative risk management contracts elected normal under the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception are not subject to the requirements of this accounting guidance.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into power, coal, natural gas, interest rate and, to a lesser extent, heating oil, gasoline and other commodity contracts to manage the risk associated with the energy business. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into interest rate derivative contracts in order to manage the interest rate exposure associated with the Registrant Subsidiaries' commodity portfolio. For disclosure purposes, such risks are grouped as “Commodity,” as these risks are related to energy risk management activities. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, also engages in risk management of interest rate risk associated with debt financing and foreign currency risk associated with future purchase obligations denominated in foreign currencies. For disclosure purposes, these risks are grouped as “Interest Rate and Foreign Currency.” The amount of risk taken is determined by the Commercial Operations and Finance groups in accordance with established risk management policies as approved by the Finance Committee of AEP's Board of Directors.

 

The following tables represent the gross notional volume of the Registrant Subsidiaries' outstanding derivative contracts as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

Notional Volume of Derivative Instruments
March 31, 2014
                    
Primary Risk Unit of               
Exposure Measure APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
Commodity:                 
 Power MWhs   29,680   19,636   12,108   9,251   11,716
 Coal Tons   186   2,666   -   750   1,292
 Natural Gas MMBtus   1,934   1,312   -   -   -
 Heating Oil and                 
  Gasoline Gallons   792   379   806   446   508
 Interest Rate USD $ 10,877 $ 7,378 $ - $ - $ -
                    
Interest Rate and                 
 Foreign Currency USD $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
                    
Notional Volume of Derivative Instruments
December 31, 2013
                    
Primary Risk Unit of               
Exposure Measure APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
Commodity:                 
 Power MWhs   48,995   33,231   34,843   13,469   17,057
 Coal Tons   31   3,389   -   1,013   1,692
 Natural Gas MMBtus   2,477   1,680   -   -   -
 Heating Oil and                 
  Gasoline Gallons   1,089   521   1,108   614   699
 Interest Rate USD $ 12,720 $ 8,627 $ - $ - $ -
                    
Interest Rate and                 
 Foreign Currency USD $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into interest rate derivative transactions as part of an overall strategy to manage the mix of fixed-rate and floating-rate debt. Certain interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify an exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of fixed-rate debt to a floating rate. Provided specific criteria are met, these interest rate derivatives are designated as fair value hedges.

Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into and designates as cash flow hedges certain derivative transactions for the purchase and sale of power and natural gas (“Commodity”) in order to manage the variable price risk related to the forecasted purchase and sale of these commodities. Management monitors the potential impacts of commodity price changes and, where appropriate, enters into derivative transactions to protect profit margins for a portion of future electricity sales and fuel or energy purchases. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all commodity price risk.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries' vehicle fleet is exposed to gasoline and diesel fuel price volatility. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into financial heating oil and gasoline derivative contracts in order to mitigate price risk of future fuel purchases. Cash flow hedge accounting for these derivative contracts was discontinued effective March 31, 2014. During the three months ended March 31, 2013, the Registrant Subsidiaries designated financial heating oil and gasoline derivatives as cash flow hedges. For disclosure purposes, these contracts were included with other hedging activities as “Commodity” as of December 31, 2013. As of March 31, 2014, these contracts will be grouped as “Commodity” with other risk management activities. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all fuel price risk.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into a variety of interest rate derivative transactions in order to manage interest rate risk exposure. Some interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of floating-rate debt to a fixed rate. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, also enters into interest rate derivative contracts to manage interest rate exposure related to future borrowings of fixed-rate debt. The forecasted fixed-rate debt offerings have a high probability of occurrence as the proceeds will be used to fund existing debt maturities and projected capital expenditures. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all interest rate exposure.

 

At times, the Registrant Subsidiaries are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risks primarily when some fixed assets are purchased from foreign suppliers. In accordance with AEP's risk management policy, AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, may enter into foreign currency derivative transactions to protect against the risk of increased cash outflows resulting from a foreign currency's appreciation against the dollar. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all foreign currency exposure.

ACCOUNTING FOR DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND THE IMPACT ON THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging” requires recognition of all qualifying derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the condensed balance sheet at fair value. The fair values of derivative instruments accounted for using MTM accounting or hedge accounting are based on exchange prices and broker quotes. If a quoted market price is not available, the estimate of fair value is based on the best information available including valuation models that estimate future energy prices based on existing market and broker quotes, supply and demand market data and assumptions. In order to determine the relevant fair values of the derivative instruments, the Registrant Subsidiaries also apply valuation adjustments for discounting, liquidity and credit quality.

 

Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will fail to perform on the contract or fail to pay amounts due. Liquidity risk represents the risk that imperfections in the market will cause the price to vary from estimated fair value based upon prevailing market supply and demand conditions. Since energy markets are imperfect and volatile, there are inherent risks related to the underlying assumptions in models used to fair value risk management contracts. Unforeseen events may cause reasonable price curves to differ from actual price curves throughout a contract's term and at the time a contract settles. Consequently, there could be significant adverse or favorable effects on future net income and cash flows if market prices are not consistent with management's estimates of current market consensus for forward prices in the current period. This is particularly true for longer term contracts. Cash flows may vary based on market conditions, margin requirements and the timing of settlement of risk management contracts.

 

According to the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging,” the Registrant Subsidiaries reflect the fair values of derivative instruments subject to netting agreements with the same counterparty net of related cash collateral. For certain risk management contracts, the Registrant Subsidiaries are required to post or receive cash collateral based on third party contractual agreements and risk profiles. For the March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 condensed balance sheets, the Registrant Subsidiaries netted cash collateral received from third parties against short-term and long-term risk management assets and cash collateral paid to third parties against short-term and long-term risk management liabilities as follows:

    March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
    Cash Collateral Cash Collateral Cash Collateral Cash Collateral
    Received Paid Received Paid
    Netted Against Netted Against Netted Against Netted Against
    Risk Management Risk Management Risk Management Risk Management
 Company Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 32 $ 1,362 $ - $ 2,993
 I&M   21   924   -   2,030
 OPCo   3   -   -   -
 PSO   1   -   -   1
 SWEPCo   2   -   -   3

The following tables represent the gross fair value of the Registrant Subsidiaries' derivative activity on the condensed balance sheets as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

APCo                  
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
March 31, 2014
                    
   Risk     Gross Amounts Gross Net Amounts of
   Management     of Risk Amounts Assets/Liabilities
   Contracts Hedging Contracts Management Offset in the Presented in the
        Interest Rate Assets/ Statement of Statement of
       and Foreign Liabilities Financial Financial
Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Recognized Position (b) Position (c)
                    
   (in thousands)
Current Risk Management Assets $34,483 $224 $- $34,707 $(18,735) $15,972
Long-term Risk Management Assets  17,304  -  -  17,304  (3,291)  14,013
Total Assets  51,787  224  -  52,011  (22,026)  29,985
                    
Current Risk Management Liabilities  24,273  90  -  24,363  (19,727)  4,636
Long-term Risk Management Liabilities   11,558  -  -  11,558  (3,629)  7,929
Total Liabilities  35,831  90  -  35,921  (23,356)  12,565
                    
Total MTM Derivative Contract Net                  
 Assets (Liabilities) $15,956 $134 $- $16,090 $1,330 $17,420
                    
APCo                  
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
December 31, 2013
                    
   Risk     Gross Amounts Gross Net Amounts of
   Management     of Risk Amounts Assets/Liabilities
   Contracts Hedging Contracts Management Offset in the Presented in the
        Interest Rate Assets/ Statement of Statement of
       and Foreign Liabilities Financial Financial
Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Recognized Position (b) Position (c)
                    
   (in thousands)
Current Risk Management Assets $46,431 $389 $- $46,820 $(25,649) $21,171
Long-term Risk Management Assets  20,948  -  -  20,948  (4,000)  16,948
Total Assets  67,379  389  -  67,768  (29,649)  38,119
                    
Current Risk Management Liabilities  37,010  313  -  37,323  (28,431)  8,892
Long-term Risk Management Liabilities   14,452  -  -  14,452  (4,211)  10,241
Total Liabilities  51,462  313  -  51,775  (32,642)  19,133
                    
Total MTM Derivative Contract Net                  
 Assets (Liabilities) $15,917 $76 $- $15,993 $2,993 $18,986

(a)       Derivative instruments within these categories are reported gross. These instruments are subject to master netting agreements and are presented on the condensed balance sheets on a net basis in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging."

(b)       Amounts include counterparty netting of risk management and hedging contracts and associated cash collateral in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging."

(c)       There are no derivative contracts subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement which are not offset in the statement of financial position.

The tables below present the Registrant Subsidiaries' activity of derivative risk management contracts for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013:

 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2014
  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
     (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 4,847 $ 6,156 $ - $ 64 $ 23
 Sales to AEP Affiliates   -   (221)   -   221   -
 Regulatory Assets (a)   4   -   -   2   3
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   32,332   18,317   35,099   480   1,330
 Total Gain on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 37,183 $ 24,252 $ 35,099 $ 767 $ 1,356
                   
 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
     (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 679 $ 4,947 $ 1,714 $ 47 $ 28
 Regulatory Assets (a)   -   486   (1,205)   2,010   271
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   (466)   (5,182)   -   1   96
 Total Gain on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 213 $ 251 $ 509 $ 2,058 $ 395
                   
 (a) Represents realized and unrealized gains and losses subject to regulatory accounting treatment recorded as either current
    or noncurrent on the condensed balance sheets. 

Certain qualifying derivative instruments have been designated as normal purchase or normal sale contracts, as provided in the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative contracts that have been designated as normal purchases or normal sales under that accounting guidance are not subject to MTM accounting treatment and are recognized on the condensed statements of income on an accrual basis.

 

The accounting for the changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it qualifies for and has been designated as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship. Depending on the exposure, management designates a hedging instrument as a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge.

 

For contracts that have not been designated as part of a hedging relationship, the accounting for changes in fair value depends on whether the derivative instrument is held for trading purposes. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments held for trading purposes are included in revenues on a net basis on the condensed statements of income. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments not held for trading purposes are included in revenues or expenses on the condensed statements of income depending on the relevant facts and circumstances. However, unrealized and some realized gains and losses in regulated jurisdictions for both trading and non-trading derivative instruments are recorded as regulatory assets (for losses) or regulatory liabilities (for gains) in accordance with the accounting guidance for “Regulated Operations.”

Accounting for Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

For fair value hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability or an identified portion thereof attributable to a particular risk), the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item associated with the hedged risk impacts Net Income during the period of change.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries record realized and unrealized gains or losses on interest rate swaps that qualify for fair value hedge accounting treatment and any offsetting changes in the fair value of the debt being hedged in Interest Expense on the condensed statements of income. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, the Registrant Subsidiaries did not designate any fair value hedging strategies.

Accounting for Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

For cash flow hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk), the Registrant Subsidiaries initially report the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets until the period the hedged item affects Net Income. The Registrant Subsidiaries recognize any hedge ineffectiveness in Net Income immediately during the period of change, except in regulated jurisdictions where hedge ineffectiveness is recorded as a regulatory asset (for losses) or a regulatory liability (for gains).

 

Realized gains and losses on derivative contracts for the purchase and sale of power, coal and natural gas designated as cash flow hedges are included in Revenues, Fuel and Other Consumables Used for Electric Generation or Purchased Electricity for Resale on the condensed statements of income, or in Regulatory Assets or Regulatory Liabilities on the condensed balance sheets, depending on the specific nature of the risk being hedged. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, APCo, I&M and OPCo designated power, coal and natural gas derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries reclassify gains and losses on heating oil and gasoline derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets into Other Operation expense, Maintenance expense or Depreciation and Amortization expense, as it relates to capital projects, on the condensed statements of income. During the three months ended March 31, 2013, the Registrant Subsidiaries designated heating oil and gasoline derivatives as cash flow hedges. Cash flow hedge accounting for these derivative contracts was discontinued effective March 31, 2014.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries reclassify gains and losses on interest rate derivative hedges related to debt financings from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets into Interest Expense on the condensed statements of income in those periods in which hedged interest payments occur. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, I&M designated interest rate derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The accumulated gains or losses related to foreign currency hedges are reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets into Depreciation and Amortization expense on the condensed statements of income over the depreciable lives of the fixed assets designated as the hedged items in qualifying foreign currency hedging relationships. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, the Registrant Subsidiaries did not designate any foreign currency derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, hedge ineffectiveness was immaterial or nonexistent for all of the hedge strategies disclosed above.

 

For details on designated, effective cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets and the reasons for changes in cash flow hedges for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, see Note 3.

Cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 were:

 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Registrant Subsidiaries’
 Condensed Balance Sheets
 March 31, 2014
  
    Hedging Assets (a) Hedging Liabilities (a) AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax
      Interest Rate   Interest Rate   Interest Rate
      and Foreign    and Foreign    and Foreign
 Company Commodity Currency Commodity Currency Commodity Currency
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 209 $ - $ 75 $ - $ 87 $ 3,343
 I&M   142   -   51   -   61   (15,566)
 OPCo   -   -   -   -   -   6,631
 PSO   -   -   -   -   -   5,512
 SWEPCo   -   -   -   -   -   (12,736)

    Expected to be Reclassified to   
    Net Income During the Next   
    Twelve Months   
        Maximum Term for
      Interest Rate Exposure to
      and Foreign  Variability of Future
 Company Commodity Currency Cash Flows
    (in thousands) (in months)
 APCo $ 87 $ (682)   2
 I&M   61   (1,426)   2
 OPCo   -   1,372   -
 PSO   -   759   -
 SWEPCo   -   (2,267)   -

 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Registrant Subsidiaries’
 Condensed Balance Sheets
 December 31, 2013
  
    Hedging Assets (a) Hedging Liabilities (a) AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax
      Interest Rate   Interest Rate   Interest Rate
      and Foreign    and Foreign    and Foreign
 Company Commodity Currency Commodity Currency Commodity Currency
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 363 $ - $ 287 $ - $ 94 $ 3,090
 I&M   216   -   194   -   46   (15,976)
 OPCo   162   -   -   -   105   6,974
 PSO   84   -   -   -   57   5,701
 SWEPCo   97   -   -   -   66   (13,304)

    Expected to be Reclassified to 
    Net Income During the Next 
    Twelve Months 
      Interest Rate 
      and Foreign  
 Company Commodity Currency 
    (in thousands) 
 APCo $ 94 $ (806) 
 I&M   46   (1,568) 
 OPCo   105   1,363 
 PSO   57   759 
 SWEPCo   66   (2,267) 

(a)       Hedging Assets and Hedging Liabilities are included in Risk Management Assets and Liabilities on the condensed balance sheets.

 

The actual amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to Net Income can differ from the estimate above due to market price changes.

Credit Risk

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, limits credit risk in their wholesale marketing and trading activities by assessing the creditworthiness of potential counterparties before entering into transactions with them and continuing to evaluate their creditworthiness on an ongoing basis. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, uses Moody's, Standard and Poor's and current market-based qualitative and quantitative data as well as financial statements to assess the financial health of counterparties on an ongoing basis.

 

When AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, uses standardized master agreements, these agreements may include collateral requirements. These master agreements facilitate the netting of cash flows associated with a single counterparty. Cash, letters of credit and parental/affiliate guarantees may be obtained as security from counterparties in order to mitigate credit risk. The collateral agreements require a counterparty to post cash or letters of credit in the event an exposure exceeds the established threshold. The threshold represents an unsecured credit limit which may be supported by a parental/affiliate guaranty, as determined in accordance with AEP's credit policy. In addition, collateral agreements allow for termination and liquidation of all positions in the event of a failure or inability to post collateral.

Collateral Triggering Events

 

Under the tariffs of the RTOs and Independent System Operators (ISOs) and a limited number of derivative and non-derivative contracts primarily related to competitive retail auction loads, the Registrant Subsidiaries are obligated to post an additional amount of collateral if certain credit ratings decline below investment grade. The amount of collateral required fluctuates based on market prices and total exposure. On an ongoing basis, AEP's risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these collateral triggering items in contracts. The Registrant Subsidiaries have not experienced a downgrade below investment grade. The following tables represent: (a) the Registrant Subsidiaries' fair values of such derivative contracts, (b) the amount of collateral the Registrant Subsidiaries would have been required to post for all derivative and non-derivative contracts if credit ratings of the Registrant Subsidiaries had declined below investment grade and (c) how much was attributable to RTO and ISO activities as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

    March 31, 2014
    Liabilities for Amount of Collateral the Amount
    Derivative Contracts Registrant Subsidiaries Attributable to
    with Credit Would Have Been RTO and ISO
 Company Downgrade Triggers Required to Post Activities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 285 $ 5,254 $ 4,774
 I&M   190   3,560   3,238
 OPCo   78   -   -
 PSO   132   4,156   -
 SWEPCo   167   145   -

    December 31, 2013
    Liabilities for Amount of Collateral the Amount
    Derivative Contracts Registrant Subsidiaries Attributable to
    with Credit  Would Have Been RTO and ISO
 Company Downgrade Triggers Required to Post Activities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 575 $ 2,747 $ 2,539
 I&M   390   1,863   1,722
 OPCo   349   -   -
 PSO   -   2,930   410
 SWEPCo   -   713   519

In addition, a majority of the Registrant Subsidiaries' non-exchange traded commodity contracts contain cross-default provisions that, if triggered, would permit the counterparty to declare a default and require settlement of the outstanding payable. These cross-default provisions could be triggered if there was a non-performance event by Parent or the obligor under outstanding debt or a third party obligation in excess of $50 million. On an ongoing basis, AEP's risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these cross-default provisions in the contracts. The following tables represent: (a) the fair value of these derivative liabilities subject to cross-default provisions prior to consideration of contractual netting arrangements, (b) the amount this exposure has been reduced by cash collateral posted by the Registrant Subsidiaries and (c) if a cross-default provision would have been triggered, the settlement amount that would be required after considering the Registrant Subsidiaries' contractual netting arrangements as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

    March 31, 2014
    Liabilities for   Additional
    Contracts with Cross   Settlement
    Default Provisions   Liability if Cross
    Prior to Contractual Amount of Cash Default Provision
 Company Netting Arrangements Collateral Posted is Triggered
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 16,375 $ - $ 12,865
 I&M   11,107   -   8,726
 OPCo   -   -   -
 PSO   -   -   -
 SWEPCo   -   -   -
            
    December 31, 2013
    Liabilities for   Additional
    Contracts with Cross   Settlement
    Default Provisions   Liability if Cross
    Prior to Contractual Amount of Cash Default Provision
 Company Netting Arrangements Collateral Posted is Triggered
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 19,648 $ - $ 18,568
 I&M   13,326   -   12,594
 OPCo   -   -   -
 PSO   3   -   3
 SWEPCo   3   -   3
Indiana Michigan Power Co [Member]
 
Derivatives and Hedging

8. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING

 

OBJECTIVES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries are exposed to certain market risks as major power producers and marketers of wholesale electricity, natural gas, coal and emission allowances. These risks include commodity price risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and, to a lesser extent, foreign currency exchange risk. These risks represent the risk of loss that may impact the Registrant Subsidiaries due to changes in the underlying market prices or rates. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, manages these risks using derivative instruments.

STRATEGIES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS TO ACHIEVE OBJECTIVES

 

Risk Management Strategies

 

The strategy surrounding the use of derivative instruments primarily focuses on managing risk exposures, future cash flows and creating value utilizing both economic and formal hedging strategies. The risk management strategies also include the use of derivative instruments for trading purposes, focusing on seizing market opportunities to create value driven by expected changes in the market prices of the commodities in which AEPSC transacts on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries. To accomplish these objectives, AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, primarily employs risk management contracts including physical and financial forward purchase-and-sale contracts and, to a lesser extent, OTC swaps and options. Not all risk management contracts meet the definition of a derivative under the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative risk management contracts elected normal under the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception are not subject to the requirements of this accounting guidance.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into power, coal, natural gas, interest rate and, to a lesser extent, heating oil, gasoline and other commodity contracts to manage the risk associated with the energy business. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into interest rate derivative contracts in order to manage the interest rate exposure associated with the Registrant Subsidiaries' commodity portfolio. For disclosure purposes, such risks are grouped as “Commodity,” as these risks are related to energy risk management activities. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, also engages in risk management of interest rate risk associated with debt financing and foreign currency risk associated with future purchase obligations denominated in foreign currencies. For disclosure purposes, these risks are grouped as “Interest Rate and Foreign Currency.” The amount of risk taken is determined by the Commercial Operations and Finance groups in accordance with established risk management policies as approved by the Finance Committee of AEP's Board of Directors.

 

The following tables represent the gross notional volume of the Registrant Subsidiaries' outstanding derivative contracts as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

Notional Volume of Derivative Instruments
March 31, 2014
                    
Primary Risk Unit of               
Exposure Measure APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
Commodity:                 
 Power MWhs   29,680   19,636   12,108   9,251   11,716
 Coal Tons   186   2,666   -   750   1,292
 Natural Gas MMBtus   1,934   1,312   -   -   -
 Heating Oil and                 
  Gasoline Gallons   792   379   806   446   508
 Interest Rate USD $ 10,877 $ 7,378 $ - $ - $ -
                    
Interest Rate and                 
 Foreign Currency USD $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
                    
Notional Volume of Derivative Instruments
December 31, 2013
                    
Primary Risk Unit of               
Exposure Measure APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
Commodity:                 
 Power MWhs   48,995   33,231   34,843   13,469   17,057
 Coal Tons   31   3,389   -   1,013   1,692
 Natural Gas MMBtus   2,477   1,680   -   -   -
 Heating Oil and                 
  Gasoline Gallons   1,089   521   1,108   614   699
 Interest Rate USD $ 12,720 $ 8,627 $ - $ - $ -
                    
Interest Rate and                 
 Foreign Currency USD $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into interest rate derivative transactions as part of an overall strategy to manage the mix of fixed-rate and floating-rate debt. Certain interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify an exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of fixed-rate debt to a floating rate. Provided specific criteria are met, these interest rate derivatives are designated as fair value hedges.

Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into and designates as cash flow hedges certain derivative transactions for the purchase and sale of power and natural gas (“Commodity”) in order to manage the variable price risk related to the forecasted purchase and sale of these commodities. Management monitors the potential impacts of commodity price changes and, where appropriate, enters into derivative transactions to protect profit margins for a portion of future electricity sales and fuel or energy purchases. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all commodity price risk.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries' vehicle fleet is exposed to gasoline and diesel fuel price volatility. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into financial heating oil and gasoline derivative contracts in order to mitigate price risk of future fuel purchases. Cash flow hedge accounting for these derivative contracts was discontinued effective March 31, 2014. During the three months ended March 31, 2013, the Registrant Subsidiaries designated financial heating oil and gasoline derivatives as cash flow hedges. For disclosure purposes, these contracts were included with other hedging activities as “Commodity” as of December 31, 2013. As of March 31, 2014, these contracts will be grouped as “Commodity” with other risk management activities. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all fuel price risk.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into a variety of interest rate derivative transactions in order to manage interest rate risk exposure. Some interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of floating-rate debt to a fixed rate. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, also enters into interest rate derivative contracts to manage interest rate exposure related to future borrowings of fixed-rate debt. The forecasted fixed-rate debt offerings have a high probability of occurrence as the proceeds will be used to fund existing debt maturities and projected capital expenditures. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all interest rate exposure.

 

At times, the Registrant Subsidiaries are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risks primarily when some fixed assets are purchased from foreign suppliers. In accordance with AEP's risk management policy, AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, may enter into foreign currency derivative transactions to protect against the risk of increased cash outflows resulting from a foreign currency's appreciation against the dollar. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all foreign currency exposure.

ACCOUNTING FOR DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND THE IMPACT ON THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging” requires recognition of all qualifying derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the condensed balance sheet at fair value. The fair values of derivative instruments accounted for using MTM accounting or hedge accounting are based on exchange prices and broker quotes. If a quoted market price is not available, the estimate of fair value is based on the best information available including valuation models that estimate future energy prices based on existing market and broker quotes, supply and demand market data and assumptions. In order to determine the relevant fair values of the derivative instruments, the Registrant Subsidiaries also apply valuation adjustments for discounting, liquidity and credit quality.

 

Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will fail to perform on the contract or fail to pay amounts due. Liquidity risk represents the risk that imperfections in the market will cause the price to vary from estimated fair value based upon prevailing market supply and demand conditions. Since energy markets are imperfect and volatile, there are inherent risks related to the underlying assumptions in models used to fair value risk management contracts. Unforeseen events may cause reasonable price curves to differ from actual price curves throughout a contract's term and at the time a contract settles. Consequently, there could be significant adverse or favorable effects on future net income and cash flows if market prices are not consistent with management's estimates of current market consensus for forward prices in the current period. This is particularly true for longer term contracts. Cash flows may vary based on market conditions, margin requirements and the timing of settlement of risk management contracts.

 

According to the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging,” the Registrant Subsidiaries reflect the fair values of derivative instruments subject to netting agreements with the same counterparty net of related cash collateral. For certain risk management contracts, the Registrant Subsidiaries are required to post or receive cash collateral based on third party contractual agreements and risk profiles. For the March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 condensed balance sheets, the Registrant Subsidiaries netted cash collateral received from third parties against short-term and long-term risk management assets and cash collateral paid to third parties against short-term and long-term risk management liabilities as follows:

    March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
    Cash Collateral Cash Collateral Cash Collateral Cash Collateral
    Received Paid Received Paid
    Netted Against Netted Against Netted Against Netted Against
    Risk Management Risk Management Risk Management Risk Management
 Company Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 32 $ 1,362 $ - $ 2,993
 I&M   21   924   -   2,030
 OPCo   3   -   -   -
 PSO   1   -   -   1
 SWEPCo   2   -   -   3

The following tables represent the gross fair value of the Registrant Subsidiaries' derivative activity on the condensed balance sheets as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

I&M                  
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
March 31, 2014
                    
   Risk     Gross Amounts Gross Net Amounts of
   Management     of Risk Amounts Assets/Liabilities
   Contracts Hedging Contracts Management Offset in the Presented in the
        Interest Rate Assets/ Statement of Statement of
       and Foreign Liabilities Financial Financial
Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Recognized Position (b) Position (c)
                    
   (in thousands)
Current Risk Management Assets $26,273 $152 $- $26,425 $(13,867) $12,558
Long-term Risk Management Assets  11,737  -  -  11,737  (2,232)  9,505
Total Assets  38,010  152  -  38,162  (16,099)  22,063
                    
Current Risk Management Liabilities  18,614  61  -  18,675  (14,541)  4,134
Long-term Risk Management Liabilities   7,839  -  -  7,839  (2,461)  5,378
Total Liabilities  26,453  61  -  26,514  (17,002)  9,512
                    
Total MTM Derivative Contract Net                  
 Assets (Liabilities) $11,557 $91 $- $11,648 $903 $12,551
                    
I&M                  
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
December 31, 2013
                   
   Risk     Gross Amounts Gross Net Amounts of
   Management     of Risk Amounts Assets/Liabilities
   Contracts Hedging Contracts Management Offset in the Presented in the
        Interest Rate Assets/ Statement of Statement of
       and Foreign Liabilities Financial Financial
Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Recognized Position (b) Position (c)
                    
   (in thousands)
Current Risk Management Assets $33,229 $234 $- $33,463 $(18,075) $15,388
Long-term Risk Management Assets  14,208  -  -  14,208  (2,713)  11,495
Total Assets  47,437  234  -  47,671  (20,788)  26,883
                    
Current Risk Management Liabilities  26,779  212  -  26,991  (19,962)  7,029
Long-term Risk Management Liabilities   9,802  -  -  9,802  (2,856)  6,946
Total Liabilities  36,581  212  -  36,793  (22,818)  13,975
                    
Total MTM Derivative Contract Net                  
 Assets (Liabilities) $10,856 $22 $- $10,878 $2,030 $12,908

(a)       Derivative instruments within these categories are reported gross. These instruments are subject to master netting agreements and are presented on the condensed balance sheets on a net basis in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging."

(b)       Amounts include counterparty netting of risk management and hedging contracts and associated cash collateral in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging."

(c)       There are no derivative contracts subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement which are not offset in the statement of financial position.

The tables below present the Registrant Subsidiaries' activity of derivative risk management contracts for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013:

 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2014
  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
     (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 4,847 $ 6,156 $ - $ 64 $ 23
 Sales to AEP Affiliates   -   (221)   -   221   -
 Regulatory Assets (a)   4   -   -   2   3
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   32,332   18,317   35,099   480   1,330
 Total Gain on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 37,183 $ 24,252 $ 35,099 $ 767 $ 1,356
                   
 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
     (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 679 $ 4,947 $ 1,714 $ 47 $ 28
 Regulatory Assets (a)   -   486   (1,205)   2,010   271
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   (466)   (5,182)   -   1   96
 Total Gain on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 213 $ 251 $ 509 $ 2,058 $ 395
                   
 (a) Represents realized and unrealized gains and losses subject to regulatory accounting treatment recorded as either current
    or noncurrent on the condensed balance sheets. 

Certain qualifying derivative instruments have been designated as normal purchase or normal sale contracts, as provided in the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative contracts that have been designated as normal purchases or normal sales under that accounting guidance are not subject to MTM accounting treatment and are recognized on the condensed statements of income on an accrual basis.

 

The accounting for the changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it qualifies for and has been designated as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship. Depending on the exposure, management designates a hedging instrument as a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge.

 

For contracts that have not been designated as part of a hedging relationship, the accounting for changes in fair value depends on whether the derivative instrument is held for trading purposes. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments held for trading purposes are included in revenues on a net basis on the condensed statements of income. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments not held for trading purposes are included in revenues or expenses on the condensed statements of income depending on the relevant facts and circumstances. However, unrealized and some realized gains and losses in regulated jurisdictions for both trading and non-trading derivative instruments are recorded as regulatory assets (for losses) or regulatory liabilities (for gains) in accordance with the accounting guidance for “Regulated Operations.”

Accounting for Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

For fair value hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability or an identified portion thereof attributable to a particular risk), the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item associated with the hedged risk impacts Net Income during the period of change.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries record realized and unrealized gains or losses on interest rate swaps that qualify for fair value hedge accounting treatment and any offsetting changes in the fair value of the debt being hedged in Interest Expense on the condensed statements of income. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, the Registrant Subsidiaries did not designate any fair value hedging strategies.

Accounting for Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

For cash flow hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk), the Registrant Subsidiaries initially report the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets until the period the hedged item affects Net Income. The Registrant Subsidiaries recognize any hedge ineffectiveness in Net Income immediately during the period of change, except in regulated jurisdictions where hedge ineffectiveness is recorded as a regulatory asset (for losses) or a regulatory liability (for gains).

 

Realized gains and losses on derivative contracts for the purchase and sale of power, coal and natural gas designated as cash flow hedges are included in Revenues, Fuel and Other Consumables Used for Electric Generation or Purchased Electricity for Resale on the condensed statements of income, or in Regulatory Assets or Regulatory Liabilities on the condensed balance sheets, depending on the specific nature of the risk being hedged. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, APCo, I&M and OPCo designated power, coal and natural gas derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries reclassify gains and losses on heating oil and gasoline derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets into Other Operation expense, Maintenance expense or Depreciation and Amortization expense, as it relates to capital projects, on the condensed statements of income. During the three months ended March 31, 2013, the Registrant Subsidiaries designated heating oil and gasoline derivatives as cash flow hedges. Cash flow hedge accounting for these derivative contracts was discontinued effective March 31, 2014.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries reclassify gains and losses on interest rate derivative hedges related to debt financings from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets into Interest Expense on the condensed statements of income in those periods in which hedged interest payments occur. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, I&M designated interest rate derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The accumulated gains or losses related to foreign currency hedges are reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets into Depreciation and Amortization expense on the condensed statements of income over the depreciable lives of the fixed assets designated as the hedged items in qualifying foreign currency hedging relationships. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, the Registrant Subsidiaries did not designate any foreign currency derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, hedge ineffectiveness was immaterial or nonexistent for all of the hedge strategies disclosed above.

 

For details on designated, effective cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets and the reasons for changes in cash flow hedges for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, see Note 3.

Cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 were:

 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Registrant Subsidiaries’
 Condensed Balance Sheets
 March 31, 2014
  
    Hedging Assets (a) Hedging Liabilities (a) AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax
      Interest Rate   Interest Rate   Interest Rate
      and Foreign    and Foreign    and Foreign
 Company Commodity Currency Commodity Currency Commodity Currency
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 209 $ - $ 75 $ - $ 87 $ 3,343
 I&M   142   -   51   -   61   (15,566)
 OPCo   -   -   -   -   -   6,631
 PSO   -   -   -   -   -   5,512
 SWEPCo   -   -   -   -   -   (12,736)

    Expected to be Reclassified to   
    Net Income During the Next   
    Twelve Months   
        Maximum Term for
      Interest Rate Exposure to
      and Foreign  Variability of Future
 Company Commodity Currency Cash Flows
    (in thousands) (in months)
 APCo $ 87 $ (682)   2
 I&M   61   (1,426)   2
 OPCo   -   1,372   -
 PSO   -   759   -
 SWEPCo   -   (2,267)   -

 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Registrant Subsidiaries’
 Condensed Balance Sheets
 December 31, 2013
  
    Hedging Assets (a) Hedging Liabilities (a) AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax
      Interest Rate   Interest Rate   Interest Rate
      and Foreign    and Foreign    and Foreign
 Company Commodity Currency Commodity Currency Commodity Currency
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 363 $ - $ 287 $ - $ 94 $ 3,090
 I&M   216   -   194   -   46   (15,976)
 OPCo   162   -   -   -   105   6,974
 PSO   84   -   -   -   57   5,701
 SWEPCo   97   -   -   -   66   (13,304)

    Expected to be Reclassified to 
    Net Income During the Next 
    Twelve Months 
      Interest Rate 
      and Foreign  
 Company Commodity Currency 
    (in thousands) 
 APCo $ 94 $ (806) 
 I&M   46   (1,568) 
 OPCo   105   1,363 
 PSO   57   759 
 SWEPCo   66   (2,267) 

(a)       Hedging Assets and Hedging Liabilities are included in Risk Management Assets and Liabilities on the condensed balance sheets.

 

The actual amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to Net Income can differ from the estimate above due to market price changes.

Credit Risk

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, limits credit risk in their wholesale marketing and trading activities by assessing the creditworthiness of potential counterparties before entering into transactions with them and continuing to evaluate their creditworthiness on an ongoing basis. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, uses Moody's, Standard and Poor's and current market-based qualitative and quantitative data as well as financial statements to assess the financial health of counterparties on an ongoing basis.

 

When AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, uses standardized master agreements, these agreements may include collateral requirements. These master agreements facilitate the netting of cash flows associated with a single counterparty. Cash, letters of credit and parental/affiliate guarantees may be obtained as security from counterparties in order to mitigate credit risk. The collateral agreements require a counterparty to post cash or letters of credit in the event an exposure exceeds the established threshold. The threshold represents an unsecured credit limit which may be supported by a parental/affiliate guaranty, as determined in accordance with AEP's credit policy. In addition, collateral agreements allow for termination and liquidation of all positions in the event of a failure or inability to post collateral.

Collateral Triggering Events

 

Under the tariffs of the RTOs and Independent System Operators (ISOs) and a limited number of derivative and non-derivative contracts primarily related to competitive retail auction loads, the Registrant Subsidiaries are obligated to post an additional amount of collateral if certain credit ratings decline below investment grade. The amount of collateral required fluctuates based on market prices and total exposure. On an ongoing basis, AEP's risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these collateral triggering items in contracts. The Registrant Subsidiaries have not experienced a downgrade below investment grade. The following tables represent: (a) the Registrant Subsidiaries' fair values of such derivative contracts, (b) the amount of collateral the Registrant Subsidiaries would have been required to post for all derivative and non-derivative contracts if credit ratings of the Registrant Subsidiaries had declined below investment grade and (c) how much was attributable to RTO and ISO activities as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

    March 31, 2014
    Liabilities for Amount of Collateral the Amount
    Derivative Contracts Registrant Subsidiaries Attributable to
    with Credit Would Have Been RTO and ISO
 Company Downgrade Triggers Required to Post Activities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 285 $ 5,254 $ 4,774
 I&M   190   3,560   3,238
 OPCo   78   -   -
 PSO   132   4,156   -
 SWEPCo   167   145   -

    December 31, 2013
    Liabilities for Amount of Collateral the Amount
    Derivative Contracts Registrant Subsidiaries Attributable to
    with Credit  Would Have Been RTO and ISO
 Company Downgrade Triggers Required to Post Activities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 575 $ 2,747 $ 2,539
 I&M   390   1,863   1,722
 OPCo   349   -   -
 PSO   -   2,930   410
 SWEPCo   -   713   519

In addition, a majority of the Registrant Subsidiaries' non-exchange traded commodity contracts contain cross-default provisions that, if triggered, would permit the counterparty to declare a default and require settlement of the outstanding payable. These cross-default provisions could be triggered if there was a non-performance event by Parent or the obligor under outstanding debt or a third party obligation in excess of $50 million. On an ongoing basis, AEP's risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these cross-default provisions in the contracts. The following tables represent: (a) the fair value of these derivative liabilities subject to cross-default provisions prior to consideration of contractual netting arrangements, (b) the amount this exposure has been reduced by cash collateral posted by the Registrant Subsidiaries and (c) if a cross-default provision would have been triggered, the settlement amount that would be required after considering the Registrant Subsidiaries' contractual netting arrangements as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

    March 31, 2014
    Liabilities for   Additional
    Contracts with Cross   Settlement
    Default Provisions   Liability if Cross
    Prior to Contractual Amount of Cash Default Provision
 Company Netting Arrangements Collateral Posted is Triggered
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 16,375 $ - $ 12,865
 I&M   11,107   -   8,726
 OPCo   -   -   -
 PSO   -   -   -
 SWEPCo   -   -   -
            
    December 31, 2013
    Liabilities for   Additional
    Contracts with Cross   Settlement
    Default Provisions   Liability if Cross
    Prior to Contractual Amount of Cash Default Provision
 Company Netting Arrangements Collateral Posted is Triggered
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 19,648 $ - $ 18,568
 I&M   13,326   -   12,594
 OPCo   -   -   -
 PSO   3   -   3
 SWEPCo   3   -   3
Ohio Power Co [Member]
 
Derivatives and Hedging

8. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING

 

OBJECTIVES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries are exposed to certain market risks as major power producers and marketers of wholesale electricity, natural gas, coal and emission allowances. These risks include commodity price risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and, to a lesser extent, foreign currency exchange risk. These risks represent the risk of loss that may impact the Registrant Subsidiaries due to changes in the underlying market prices or rates. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, manages these risks using derivative instruments.

STRATEGIES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS TO ACHIEVE OBJECTIVES

 

Risk Management Strategies

 

The strategy surrounding the use of derivative instruments primarily focuses on managing risk exposures, future cash flows and creating value utilizing both economic and formal hedging strategies. The risk management strategies also include the use of derivative instruments for trading purposes, focusing on seizing market opportunities to create value driven by expected changes in the market prices of the commodities in which AEPSC transacts on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries. To accomplish these objectives, AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, primarily employs risk management contracts including physical and financial forward purchase-and-sale contracts and, to a lesser extent, OTC swaps and options. Not all risk management contracts meet the definition of a derivative under the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative risk management contracts elected normal under the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception are not subject to the requirements of this accounting guidance.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into power, coal, natural gas, interest rate and, to a lesser extent, heating oil, gasoline and other commodity contracts to manage the risk associated with the energy business. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into interest rate derivative contracts in order to manage the interest rate exposure associated with the Registrant Subsidiaries' commodity portfolio. For disclosure purposes, such risks are grouped as “Commodity,” as these risks are related to energy risk management activities. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, also engages in risk management of interest rate risk associated with debt financing and foreign currency risk associated with future purchase obligations denominated in foreign currencies. For disclosure purposes, these risks are grouped as “Interest Rate and Foreign Currency.” The amount of risk taken is determined by the Commercial Operations and Finance groups in accordance with established risk management policies as approved by the Finance Committee of AEP's Board of Directors.

 

The following tables represent the gross notional volume of the Registrant Subsidiaries' outstanding derivative contracts as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

Notional Volume of Derivative Instruments
March 31, 2014
                    
Primary Risk Unit of               
Exposure Measure APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
Commodity:                 
 Power MWhs   29,680   19,636   12,108   9,251   11,716
 Coal Tons   186   2,666   -   750   1,292
 Natural Gas MMBtus   1,934   1,312   -   -   -
 Heating Oil and                 
  Gasoline Gallons   792   379   806   446   508
 Interest Rate USD $ 10,877 $ 7,378 $ - $ - $ -
                    
Interest Rate and                 
 Foreign Currency USD $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
                    
Notional Volume of Derivative Instruments
December 31, 2013
                    
Primary Risk Unit of               
Exposure Measure APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
Commodity:                 
 Power MWhs   48,995   33,231   34,843   13,469   17,057
 Coal Tons   31   3,389   -   1,013   1,692
 Natural Gas MMBtus   2,477   1,680   -   -   -
 Heating Oil and                 
  Gasoline Gallons   1,089   521   1,108   614   699
 Interest Rate USD $ 12,720 $ 8,627 $ - $ - $ -
                    
Interest Rate and                 
 Foreign Currency USD $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into interest rate derivative transactions as part of an overall strategy to manage the mix of fixed-rate and floating-rate debt. Certain interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify an exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of fixed-rate debt to a floating rate. Provided specific criteria are met, these interest rate derivatives are designated as fair value hedges.

Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into and designates as cash flow hedges certain derivative transactions for the purchase and sale of power and natural gas (“Commodity”) in order to manage the variable price risk related to the forecasted purchase and sale of these commodities. Management monitors the potential impacts of commodity price changes and, where appropriate, enters into derivative transactions to protect profit margins for a portion of future electricity sales and fuel or energy purchases. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all commodity price risk.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries' vehicle fleet is exposed to gasoline and diesel fuel price volatility. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into financial heating oil and gasoline derivative contracts in order to mitigate price risk of future fuel purchases. Cash flow hedge accounting for these derivative contracts was discontinued effective March 31, 2014. During the three months ended March 31, 2013, the Registrant Subsidiaries designated financial heating oil and gasoline derivatives as cash flow hedges. For disclosure purposes, these contracts were included with other hedging activities as “Commodity” as of December 31, 2013. As of March 31, 2014, these contracts will be grouped as “Commodity” with other risk management activities. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all fuel price risk.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into a variety of interest rate derivative transactions in order to manage interest rate risk exposure. Some interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of floating-rate debt to a fixed rate. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, also enters into interest rate derivative contracts to manage interest rate exposure related to future borrowings of fixed-rate debt. The forecasted fixed-rate debt offerings have a high probability of occurrence as the proceeds will be used to fund existing debt maturities and projected capital expenditures. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all interest rate exposure.

 

At times, the Registrant Subsidiaries are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risks primarily when some fixed assets are purchased from foreign suppliers. In accordance with AEP's risk management policy, AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, may enter into foreign currency derivative transactions to protect against the risk of increased cash outflows resulting from a foreign currency's appreciation against the dollar. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all foreign currency exposure.

ACCOUNTING FOR DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND THE IMPACT ON THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging” requires recognition of all qualifying derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the condensed balance sheet at fair value. The fair values of derivative instruments accounted for using MTM accounting or hedge accounting are based on exchange prices and broker quotes. If a quoted market price is not available, the estimate of fair value is based on the best information available including valuation models that estimate future energy prices based on existing market and broker quotes, supply and demand market data and assumptions. In order to determine the relevant fair values of the derivative instruments, the Registrant Subsidiaries also apply valuation adjustments for discounting, liquidity and credit quality.

 

Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will fail to perform on the contract or fail to pay amounts due. Liquidity risk represents the risk that imperfections in the market will cause the price to vary from estimated fair value based upon prevailing market supply and demand conditions. Since energy markets are imperfect and volatile, there are inherent risks related to the underlying assumptions in models used to fair value risk management contracts. Unforeseen events may cause reasonable price curves to differ from actual price curves throughout a contract's term and at the time a contract settles. Consequently, there could be significant adverse or favorable effects on future net income and cash flows if market prices are not consistent with management's estimates of current market consensus for forward prices in the current period. This is particularly true for longer term contracts. Cash flows may vary based on market conditions, margin requirements and the timing of settlement of risk management contracts.

 

According to the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging,” the Registrant Subsidiaries reflect the fair values of derivative instruments subject to netting agreements with the same counterparty net of related cash collateral. For certain risk management contracts, the Registrant Subsidiaries are required to post or receive cash collateral based on third party contractual agreements and risk profiles. For the March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 condensed balance sheets, the Registrant Subsidiaries netted cash collateral received from third parties against short-term and long-term risk management assets and cash collateral paid to third parties against short-term and long-term risk management liabilities as follows:

    March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
    Cash Collateral Cash Collateral Cash Collateral Cash Collateral
    Received Paid Received Paid
    Netted Against Netted Against Netted Against Netted Against
    Risk Management Risk Management Risk Management Risk Management
 Company Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 32 $ 1,362 $ - $ 2,993
 I&M   21   924   -   2,030
 OPCo   3   -   -   -
 PSO   1   -   -   1
 SWEPCo   2   -   -   3

The following tables represent the gross fair value of the Registrant Subsidiaries' derivative activity on the condensed balance sheets as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

OPCo                  
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
March 31, 2014
                    
   Risk     Gross Amounts Gross Net Amounts of
   Management     of Risk Amounts Assets/Liabilities
   Contracts Hedging Contracts Management Offset in the Presented in the
        Interest Rate Assets/ Statement of Statement of
       and Foreign Liabilities Financial Financial
Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Recognized Position (b) Position (c)
                    
   (in thousands)
Current Risk Management Assets $4,066 $- $- $4,066 $(86) $3,980
Long-term Risk Management Assets  -  -  -  -  -  -
Total Assets  4,066  -  -  4,066  (86)  3,980
                    
Current Risk Management Liabilities  83  -  -  83  (83)  -
Long-term Risk Management Liabilities   -  -  -  -  -  -
Total Liabilities  83  -  -  83  (83)  -
                    
Total MTM Derivative Contract Net                  
 Assets (Liabilities) $3,983 $- $- $3,983 $(3) $3,980
                    
OPCo                  
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
December 31, 2013
                    
   Risk     Gross Amounts Gross Net Amounts of
   Management     of Risk Amounts Assets/Liabilities
   Contracts Hedging Contracts Management Offset in the Presented in the
        Interest Rate Assets/ Statement of Statement of
       and Foreign Liabilities Financial Financial
Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Recognized Position (b) Position (c)
                    
   (in thousands)
Current Risk Management Assets $3,269 $162 $- $3,431 $(349) $3,082
Long-term Risk Management Assets  -  -  -  -  -  -
Total Assets  3,269  162  -  3,431  (349)  3,082
                    
Current Risk Management Liabilities  349  -  -  349  (349)  -
Long-term Risk Management Liabilities   -  -  -  -  -  -
Total Liabilities  349  -  -  349  (349)  -
                    
Total MTM Derivative Contract Net                  
 Assets (Liabilities) $2,920 $162 $- $3,082 $- $3,082

(a)       Derivative instruments within these categories are reported gross. These instruments are subject to master netting agreements and are presented on the condensed balance sheets on a net basis in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging."

(b)       Amounts include counterparty netting of risk management and hedging contracts and associated cash collateral in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging."

(c)       There are no derivative contracts subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement which are not offset in the statement of financial position.

The tables below present the Registrant Subsidiaries' activity of derivative risk management contracts for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013:

 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2014
  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
     (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 4,847 $ 6,156 $ - $ 64 $ 23
 Sales to AEP Affiliates   -   (221)   -   221   -
 Regulatory Assets (a)   4   -   -   2   3
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   32,332   18,317   35,099   480   1,330
 Total Gain on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 37,183 $ 24,252 $ 35,099 $ 767 $ 1,356
                   
 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
     (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 679 $ 4,947 $ 1,714 $ 47 $ 28
 Regulatory Assets (a)   -   486   (1,205)   2,010   271
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   (466)   (5,182)   -   1   96
 Total Gain on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 213 $ 251 $ 509 $ 2,058 $ 395
                   
 (a) Represents realized and unrealized gains and losses subject to regulatory accounting treatment recorded as either current
    or noncurrent on the condensed balance sheets. 

Certain qualifying derivative instruments have been designated as normal purchase or normal sale contracts, as provided in the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative contracts that have been designated as normal purchases or normal sales under that accounting guidance are not subject to MTM accounting treatment and are recognized on the condensed statements of income on an accrual basis.

 

The accounting for the changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it qualifies for and has been designated as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship. Depending on the exposure, management designates a hedging instrument as a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge.

 

For contracts that have not been designated as part of a hedging relationship, the accounting for changes in fair value depends on whether the derivative instrument is held for trading purposes. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments held for trading purposes are included in revenues on a net basis on the condensed statements of income. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments not held for trading purposes are included in revenues or expenses on the condensed statements of income depending on the relevant facts and circumstances. However, unrealized and some realized gains and losses in regulated jurisdictions for both trading and non-trading derivative instruments are recorded as regulatory assets (for losses) or regulatory liabilities (for gains) in accordance with the accounting guidance for “Regulated Operations.”

Accounting for Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

For fair value hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability or an identified portion thereof attributable to a particular risk), the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item associated with the hedged risk impacts Net Income during the period of change.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries record realized and unrealized gains or losses on interest rate swaps that qualify for fair value hedge accounting treatment and any offsetting changes in the fair value of the debt being hedged in Interest Expense on the condensed statements of income. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, the Registrant Subsidiaries did not designate any fair value hedging strategies.

Accounting for Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

For cash flow hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk), the Registrant Subsidiaries initially report the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets until the period the hedged item affects Net Income. The Registrant Subsidiaries recognize any hedge ineffectiveness in Net Income immediately during the period of change, except in regulated jurisdictions where hedge ineffectiveness is recorded as a regulatory asset (for losses) or a regulatory liability (for gains).

 

Realized gains and losses on derivative contracts for the purchase and sale of power, coal and natural gas designated as cash flow hedges are included in Revenues, Fuel and Other Consumables Used for Electric Generation or Purchased Electricity for Resale on the condensed statements of income, or in Regulatory Assets or Regulatory Liabilities on the condensed balance sheets, depending on the specific nature of the risk being hedged. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, APCo, I&M and OPCo designated power, coal and natural gas derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries reclassify gains and losses on heating oil and gasoline derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets into Other Operation expense, Maintenance expense or Depreciation and Amortization expense, as it relates to capital projects, on the condensed statements of income. During the three months ended March 31, 2013, the Registrant Subsidiaries designated heating oil and gasoline derivatives as cash flow hedges. Cash flow hedge accounting for these derivative contracts was discontinued effective March 31, 2014.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries reclassify gains and losses on interest rate derivative hedges related to debt financings from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets into Interest Expense on the condensed statements of income in those periods in which hedged interest payments occur. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, I&M designated interest rate derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The accumulated gains or losses related to foreign currency hedges are reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets into Depreciation and Amortization expense on the condensed statements of income over the depreciable lives of the fixed assets designated as the hedged items in qualifying foreign currency hedging relationships. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, the Registrant Subsidiaries did not designate any foreign currency derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, hedge ineffectiveness was immaterial or nonexistent for all of the hedge strategies disclosed above.

 

For details on designated, effective cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets and the reasons for changes in cash flow hedges for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, see Note 3.

Cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 were:

 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Registrant Subsidiaries’
 Condensed Balance Sheets
 March 31, 2014
  
    Hedging Assets (a) Hedging Liabilities (a) AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax
      Interest Rate   Interest Rate   Interest Rate
      and Foreign    and Foreign    and Foreign
 Company Commodity Currency Commodity Currency Commodity Currency
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 209 $ - $ 75 $ - $ 87 $ 3,343
 I&M   142   -   51   -   61   (15,566)
 OPCo   -   -   -   -   -   6,631
 PSO   -   -   -   -   -   5,512
 SWEPCo   -   -   -   -   -   (12,736)

    Expected to be Reclassified to   
    Net Income During the Next   
    Twelve Months   
        Maximum Term for
      Interest Rate Exposure to
      and Foreign  Variability of Future
 Company Commodity Currency Cash Flows
    (in thousands) (in months)
 APCo $ 87 $ (682)   2
 I&M   61   (1,426)   2
 OPCo   -   1,372   -
 PSO   -   759   -
 SWEPCo   -   (2,267)   -

 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Registrant Subsidiaries’
 Condensed Balance Sheets
 December 31, 2013
  
    Hedging Assets (a) Hedging Liabilities (a) AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax
      Interest Rate   Interest Rate   Interest Rate
      and Foreign    and Foreign    and Foreign
 Company Commodity Currency Commodity Currency Commodity Currency
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 363 $ - $ 287 $ - $ 94 $ 3,090
 I&M   216   -   194   -   46   (15,976)
 OPCo   162   -   -   -   105   6,974
 PSO   84   -   -   -   57   5,701
 SWEPCo   97   -   -   -   66   (13,304)

    Expected to be Reclassified to 
    Net Income During the Next 
    Twelve Months 
      Interest Rate 
      and Foreign  
 Company Commodity Currency 
    (in thousands) 
 APCo $ 94 $ (806) 
 I&M   46   (1,568) 
 OPCo   105   1,363 
 PSO   57   759 
 SWEPCo   66   (2,267) 

(a)       Hedging Assets and Hedging Liabilities are included in Risk Management Assets and Liabilities on the condensed balance sheets.

 

The actual amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to Net Income can differ from the estimate above due to market price changes.

Credit Risk

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, limits credit risk in their wholesale marketing and trading activities by assessing the creditworthiness of potential counterparties before entering into transactions with them and continuing to evaluate their creditworthiness on an ongoing basis. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, uses Moody's, Standard and Poor's and current market-based qualitative and quantitative data as well as financial statements to assess the financial health of counterparties on an ongoing basis.

 

When AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, uses standardized master agreements, these agreements may include collateral requirements. These master agreements facilitate the netting of cash flows associated with a single counterparty. Cash, letters of credit and parental/affiliate guarantees may be obtained as security from counterparties in order to mitigate credit risk. The collateral agreements require a counterparty to post cash or letters of credit in the event an exposure exceeds the established threshold. The threshold represents an unsecured credit limit which may be supported by a parental/affiliate guaranty, as determined in accordance with AEP's credit policy. In addition, collateral agreements allow for termination and liquidation of all positions in the event of a failure or inability to post collateral.

Collateral Triggering Events

 

Under the tariffs of the RTOs and Independent System Operators (ISOs) and a limited number of derivative and non-derivative contracts primarily related to competitive retail auction loads, the Registrant Subsidiaries are obligated to post an additional amount of collateral if certain credit ratings decline below investment grade. The amount of collateral required fluctuates based on market prices and total exposure. On an ongoing basis, AEP's risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these collateral triggering items in contracts. The Registrant Subsidiaries have not experienced a downgrade below investment grade. The following tables represent: (a) the Registrant Subsidiaries' fair values of such derivative contracts, (b) the amount of collateral the Registrant Subsidiaries would have been required to post for all derivative and non-derivative contracts if credit ratings of the Registrant Subsidiaries had declined below investment grade and (c) how much was attributable to RTO and ISO activities as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

    March 31, 2014
    Liabilities for Amount of Collateral the Amount
    Derivative Contracts Registrant Subsidiaries Attributable to
    with Credit Would Have Been RTO and ISO
 Company Downgrade Triggers Required to Post Activities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 285 $ 5,254 $ 4,774
 I&M   190   3,560   3,238
 OPCo   78   -   -
 PSO   132   4,156   -
 SWEPCo   167   145   -

    December 31, 2013
    Liabilities for Amount of Collateral the Amount
    Derivative Contracts Registrant Subsidiaries Attributable to
    with Credit  Would Have Been RTO and ISO
 Company Downgrade Triggers Required to Post Activities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 575 $ 2,747 $ 2,539
 I&M   390   1,863   1,722
 OPCo   349   -   -
 PSO   -   2,930   410
 SWEPCo   -   713   519

In addition, a majority of the Registrant Subsidiaries' non-exchange traded commodity contracts contain cross-default provisions that, if triggered, would permit the counterparty to declare a default and require settlement of the outstanding payable. These cross-default provisions could be triggered if there was a non-performance event by Parent or the obligor under outstanding debt or a third party obligation in excess of $50 million. On an ongoing basis, AEP's risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these cross-default provisions in the contracts. The following tables represent: (a) the fair value of these derivative liabilities subject to cross-default provisions prior to consideration of contractual netting arrangements, (b) the amount this exposure has been reduced by cash collateral posted by the Registrant Subsidiaries and (c) if a cross-default provision would have been triggered, the settlement amount that would be required after considering the Registrant Subsidiaries' contractual netting arrangements as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

    March 31, 2014
    Liabilities for   Additional
    Contracts with Cross   Settlement
    Default Provisions   Liability if Cross
    Prior to Contractual Amount of Cash Default Provision
 Company Netting Arrangements Collateral Posted is Triggered
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 16,375 $ - $ 12,865
 I&M   11,107   -   8,726
 OPCo   -   -   -
 PSO   -   -   -
 SWEPCo   -   -   -
            
    December 31, 2013
    Liabilities for   Additional
    Contracts with Cross   Settlement
    Default Provisions   Liability if Cross
    Prior to Contractual Amount of Cash Default Provision
 Company Netting Arrangements Collateral Posted is Triggered
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 19,648 $ - $ 18,568
 I&M   13,326   -   12,594
 OPCo   -   -   -
 PSO   3   -   3
 SWEPCo   3   -   3
Public Service Co Of Oklahoma [Member]
 
Derivatives and Hedging

8. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING

 

OBJECTIVES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries are exposed to certain market risks as major power producers and marketers of wholesale electricity, natural gas, coal and emission allowances. These risks include commodity price risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and, to a lesser extent, foreign currency exchange risk. These risks represent the risk of loss that may impact the Registrant Subsidiaries due to changes in the underlying market prices or rates. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, manages these risks using derivative instruments.

STRATEGIES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS TO ACHIEVE OBJECTIVES

 

Risk Management Strategies

 

The strategy surrounding the use of derivative instruments primarily focuses on managing risk exposures, future cash flows and creating value utilizing both economic and formal hedging strategies. The risk management strategies also include the use of derivative instruments for trading purposes, focusing on seizing market opportunities to create value driven by expected changes in the market prices of the commodities in which AEPSC transacts on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries. To accomplish these objectives, AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, primarily employs risk management contracts including physical and financial forward purchase-and-sale contracts and, to a lesser extent, OTC swaps and options. Not all risk management contracts meet the definition of a derivative under the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative risk management contracts elected normal under the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception are not subject to the requirements of this accounting guidance.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into power, coal, natural gas, interest rate and, to a lesser extent, heating oil, gasoline and other commodity contracts to manage the risk associated with the energy business. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into interest rate derivative contracts in order to manage the interest rate exposure associated with the Registrant Subsidiaries' commodity portfolio. For disclosure purposes, such risks are grouped as “Commodity,” as these risks are related to energy risk management activities. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, also engages in risk management of interest rate risk associated with debt financing and foreign currency risk associated with future purchase obligations denominated in foreign currencies. For disclosure purposes, these risks are grouped as “Interest Rate and Foreign Currency.” The amount of risk taken is determined by the Commercial Operations and Finance groups in accordance with established risk management policies as approved by the Finance Committee of AEP's Board of Directors.

 

The following tables represent the gross notional volume of the Registrant Subsidiaries' outstanding derivative contracts as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

Notional Volume of Derivative Instruments
March 31, 2014
                    
Primary Risk Unit of               
Exposure Measure APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
Commodity:                 
 Power MWhs   29,680   19,636   12,108   9,251   11,716
 Coal Tons   186   2,666   -   750   1,292
 Natural Gas MMBtus   1,934   1,312   -   -   -
 Heating Oil and                 
  Gasoline Gallons   792   379   806   446   508
 Interest Rate USD $ 10,877 $ 7,378 $ - $ - $ -
                    
Interest Rate and                 
 Foreign Currency USD $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
                    
Notional Volume of Derivative Instruments
December 31, 2013
                    
Primary Risk Unit of               
Exposure Measure APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
Commodity:                 
 Power MWhs   48,995   33,231   34,843   13,469   17,057
 Coal Tons   31   3,389   -   1,013   1,692
 Natural Gas MMBtus   2,477   1,680   -   -   -
 Heating Oil and                 
  Gasoline Gallons   1,089   521   1,108   614   699
 Interest Rate USD $ 12,720 $ 8,627 $ - $ - $ -
                    
Interest Rate and                 
 Foreign Currency USD $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into interest rate derivative transactions as part of an overall strategy to manage the mix of fixed-rate and floating-rate debt. Certain interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify an exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of fixed-rate debt to a floating rate. Provided specific criteria are met, these interest rate derivatives are designated as fair value hedges.

Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into and designates as cash flow hedges certain derivative transactions for the purchase and sale of power and natural gas (“Commodity”) in order to manage the variable price risk related to the forecasted purchase and sale of these commodities. Management monitors the potential impacts of commodity price changes and, where appropriate, enters into derivative transactions to protect profit margins for a portion of future electricity sales and fuel or energy purchases. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all commodity price risk.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries' vehicle fleet is exposed to gasoline and diesel fuel price volatility. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into financial heating oil and gasoline derivative contracts in order to mitigate price risk of future fuel purchases. Cash flow hedge accounting for these derivative contracts was discontinued effective March 31, 2014. During the three months ended March 31, 2013, the Registrant Subsidiaries designated financial heating oil and gasoline derivatives as cash flow hedges. For disclosure purposes, these contracts were included with other hedging activities as “Commodity” as of December 31, 2013. As of March 31, 2014, these contracts will be grouped as “Commodity” with other risk management activities. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all fuel price risk.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into a variety of interest rate derivative transactions in order to manage interest rate risk exposure. Some interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of floating-rate debt to a fixed rate. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, also enters into interest rate derivative contracts to manage interest rate exposure related to future borrowings of fixed-rate debt. The forecasted fixed-rate debt offerings have a high probability of occurrence as the proceeds will be used to fund existing debt maturities and projected capital expenditures. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all interest rate exposure.

 

At times, the Registrant Subsidiaries are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risks primarily when some fixed assets are purchased from foreign suppliers. In accordance with AEP's risk management policy, AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, may enter into foreign currency derivative transactions to protect against the risk of increased cash outflows resulting from a foreign currency's appreciation against the dollar. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all foreign currency exposure.

ACCOUNTING FOR DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND THE IMPACT ON THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging” requires recognition of all qualifying derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the condensed balance sheet at fair value. The fair values of derivative instruments accounted for using MTM accounting or hedge accounting are based on exchange prices and broker quotes. If a quoted market price is not available, the estimate of fair value is based on the best information available including valuation models that estimate future energy prices based on existing market and broker quotes, supply and demand market data and assumptions. In order to determine the relevant fair values of the derivative instruments, the Registrant Subsidiaries also apply valuation adjustments for discounting, liquidity and credit quality.

 

Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will fail to perform on the contract or fail to pay amounts due. Liquidity risk represents the risk that imperfections in the market will cause the price to vary from estimated fair value based upon prevailing market supply and demand conditions. Since energy markets are imperfect and volatile, there are inherent risks related to the underlying assumptions in models used to fair value risk management contracts. Unforeseen events may cause reasonable price curves to differ from actual price curves throughout a contract's term and at the time a contract settles. Consequently, there could be significant adverse or favorable effects on future net income and cash flows if market prices are not consistent with management's estimates of current market consensus for forward prices in the current period. This is particularly true for longer term contracts. Cash flows may vary based on market conditions, margin requirements and the timing of settlement of risk management contracts.

 

According to the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging,” the Registrant Subsidiaries reflect the fair values of derivative instruments subject to netting agreements with the same counterparty net of related cash collateral. For certain risk management contracts, the Registrant Subsidiaries are required to post or receive cash collateral based on third party contractual agreements and risk profiles. For the March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 condensed balance sheets, the Registrant Subsidiaries netted cash collateral received from third parties against short-term and long-term risk management assets and cash collateral paid to third parties against short-term and long-term risk management liabilities as follows:

    March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
    Cash Collateral Cash Collateral Cash Collateral Cash Collateral
    Received Paid Received Paid
    Netted Against Netted Against Netted Against Netted Against
    Risk Management Risk Management Risk Management Risk Management
 Company Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 32 $ 1,362 $ - $ 2,993
 I&M   21   924   -   2,030
 OPCo   3   -   -   -
 PSO   1   -   -   1
 SWEPCo   2   -   -   3

The following tables represent the gross fair value of the Registrant Subsidiaries' derivative activity on the condensed balance sheets as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

PSO                  
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
March 31, 2014
                    
   Risk     Gross Amounts Gross Net Amounts of
   Management     of Risk Amounts Assets/Liabilities
   Contracts Hedging Contracts Management Offset in the Presented in the
        Interest Rate Assets/ Statement of Statement of
       and Foreign Liabilities Financial Financial
Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Recognized Position (b) Position (c)
                    
   (in thousands)
Current Risk Management Assets $1,403 $- $- $1,403 $(54) $1,349
Long-term Risk Management Assets  -  -  -  -  -  -
Total Assets  1,403  -  -  1,403  (54)  1,349
                    
Current Risk Management Liabilities  136  -  -  136  (53)  83
Long-term Risk Management Liabilities  -  -  -  -  -  -
Total Liabilities  136  -  -  136  (53)  83
                    
Total MTM Derivative Contract Net                  
 Assets (Liabilities) $1,267 $- $- $1,267 $(1) $1,266
                    
PSO                  
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
December 31, 2013
                    
   Risk     Gross Amounts Gross Net Amounts of
   Management     of Risk Amounts Assets/Liabilities
   Contracts Hedging Contracts Management Offset in the Presented in the
        Interest Rate Assets/ Statement of Statement of
       and Foreign Liabilities Financial Financial
Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Recognized Position (b) Position (c)
                    
   (in thousands)
Current Risk Management Assets $1,078 $84 $- $1,162 $5 $1,167
Long-term Risk Management Assets  -  -  -  -  -  -
Total Assets  1,078  84  -  1,162  5  1,167
                    
Current Risk Management Liabilities  81  -  -  81  4  85
Long-term Risk Management Liabilities  -  -  -  -  -  -
Total Liabilities  81  -  -  81  4  85
                    
Total MTM Derivative Contract Net                  
 Assets (Liabilities) $997 $84 $- $1,081 $1 $1,082

(a)       Derivative instruments within these categories are reported gross. These instruments are subject to master netting agreements and are presented on the condensed balance sheets on a net basis in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging."

(b)       Amounts include counterparty netting of risk management and hedging contracts and associated cash collateral in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging."

(c)       There are no derivative contracts subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement which are not offset in the statement of financial position.

The tables below present the Registrant Subsidiaries' activity of derivative risk management contracts for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013:

 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2014
  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
     (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 4,847 $ 6,156 $ - $ 64 $ 23
 Sales to AEP Affiliates   -   (221)   -   221   -
 Regulatory Assets (a)   4   -   -   2   3
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   32,332   18,317   35,099   480   1,330
 Total Gain on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 37,183 $ 24,252 $ 35,099 $ 767 $ 1,356
                   
 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
     (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 679 $ 4,947 $ 1,714 $ 47 $ 28
 Regulatory Assets (a)   -   486   (1,205)   2,010   271
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   (466)   (5,182)   -   1   96
 Total Gain on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 213 $ 251 $ 509 $ 2,058 $ 395
                   
 (a) Represents realized and unrealized gains and losses subject to regulatory accounting treatment recorded as either current
    or noncurrent on the condensed balance sheets. 

Certain qualifying derivative instruments have been designated as normal purchase or normal sale contracts, as provided in the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative contracts that have been designated as normal purchases or normal sales under that accounting guidance are not subject to MTM accounting treatment and are recognized on the condensed statements of income on an accrual basis.

 

The accounting for the changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it qualifies for and has been designated as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship. Depending on the exposure, management designates a hedging instrument as a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge.

 

For contracts that have not been designated as part of a hedging relationship, the accounting for changes in fair value depends on whether the derivative instrument is held for trading purposes. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments held for trading purposes are included in revenues on a net basis on the condensed statements of income. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments not held for trading purposes are included in revenues or expenses on the condensed statements of income depending on the relevant facts and circumstances. However, unrealized and some realized gains and losses in regulated jurisdictions for both trading and non-trading derivative instruments are recorded as regulatory assets (for losses) or regulatory liabilities (for gains) in accordance with the accounting guidance for “Regulated Operations.”

Accounting for Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

For fair value hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability or an identified portion thereof attributable to a particular risk), the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item associated with the hedged risk impacts Net Income during the period of change.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries record realized and unrealized gains or losses on interest rate swaps that qualify for fair value hedge accounting treatment and any offsetting changes in the fair value of the debt being hedged in Interest Expense on the condensed statements of income. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, the Registrant Subsidiaries did not designate any fair value hedging strategies.

Accounting for Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

For cash flow hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk), the Registrant Subsidiaries initially report the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets until the period the hedged item affects Net Income. The Registrant Subsidiaries recognize any hedge ineffectiveness in Net Income immediately during the period of change, except in regulated jurisdictions where hedge ineffectiveness is recorded as a regulatory asset (for losses) or a regulatory liability (for gains).

 

Realized gains and losses on derivative contracts for the purchase and sale of power, coal and natural gas designated as cash flow hedges are included in Revenues, Fuel and Other Consumables Used for Electric Generation or Purchased Electricity for Resale on the condensed statements of income, or in Regulatory Assets or Regulatory Liabilities on the condensed balance sheets, depending on the specific nature of the risk being hedged. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, APCo, I&M and OPCo designated power, coal and natural gas derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries reclassify gains and losses on heating oil and gasoline derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets into Other Operation expense, Maintenance expense or Depreciation and Amortization expense, as it relates to capital projects, on the condensed statements of income. During the three months ended March 31, 2013, the Registrant Subsidiaries designated heating oil and gasoline derivatives as cash flow hedges. Cash flow hedge accounting for these derivative contracts was discontinued effective March 31, 2014.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries reclassify gains and losses on interest rate derivative hedges related to debt financings from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets into Interest Expense on the condensed statements of income in those periods in which hedged interest payments occur. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, I&M designated interest rate derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The accumulated gains or losses related to foreign currency hedges are reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets into Depreciation and Amortization expense on the condensed statements of income over the depreciable lives of the fixed assets designated as the hedged items in qualifying foreign currency hedging relationships. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, the Registrant Subsidiaries did not designate any foreign currency derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, hedge ineffectiveness was immaterial or nonexistent for all of the hedge strategies disclosed above.

 

For details on designated, effective cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets and the reasons for changes in cash flow hedges for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, see Note 3.

Cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 were:

 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Registrant Subsidiaries’
 Condensed Balance Sheets
 March 31, 2014
  
    Hedging Assets (a) Hedging Liabilities (a) AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax
      Interest Rate   Interest Rate   Interest Rate
      and Foreign    and Foreign    and Foreign
 Company Commodity Currency Commodity Currency Commodity Currency
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 209 $ - $ 75 $ - $ 87 $ 3,343
 I&M   142   -   51   -   61   (15,566)
 OPCo   -   -   -   -   -   6,631
 PSO   -   -   -   -   -   5,512
 SWEPCo   -   -   -   -   -   (12,736)

    Expected to be Reclassified to   
    Net Income During the Next   
    Twelve Months   
        Maximum Term for
      Interest Rate Exposure to
      and Foreign  Variability of Future
 Company Commodity Currency Cash Flows
    (in thousands) (in months)
 APCo $ 87 $ (682)   2
 I&M   61   (1,426)   2
 OPCo   -   1,372   -
 PSO   -   759   -
 SWEPCo   -   (2,267)   -

 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Registrant Subsidiaries’
 Condensed Balance Sheets
 December 31, 2013
  
    Hedging Assets (a) Hedging Liabilities (a) AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax
      Interest Rate   Interest Rate   Interest Rate
      and Foreign    and Foreign    and Foreign
 Company Commodity Currency Commodity Currency Commodity Currency
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 363 $ - $ 287 $ - $ 94 $ 3,090
 I&M   216   -   194   -   46   (15,976)
 OPCo   162   -   -   -   105   6,974
 PSO   84   -   -   -   57   5,701
 SWEPCo   97   -   -   -   66   (13,304)

    Expected to be Reclassified to 
    Net Income During the Next 
    Twelve Months 
      Interest Rate 
      and Foreign  
 Company Commodity Currency 
    (in thousands) 
 APCo $ 94 $ (806) 
 I&M   46   (1,568) 
 OPCo   105   1,363 
 PSO   57   759 
 SWEPCo   66   (2,267) 

(a)       Hedging Assets and Hedging Liabilities are included in Risk Management Assets and Liabilities on the condensed balance sheets.

 

The actual amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to Net Income can differ from the estimate above due to market price changes.

Credit Risk

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, limits credit risk in their wholesale marketing and trading activities by assessing the creditworthiness of potential counterparties before entering into transactions with them and continuing to evaluate their creditworthiness on an ongoing basis. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, uses Moody's, Standard and Poor's and current market-based qualitative and quantitative data as well as financial statements to assess the financial health of counterparties on an ongoing basis.

 

When AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, uses standardized master agreements, these agreements may include collateral requirements. These master agreements facilitate the netting of cash flows associated with a single counterparty. Cash, letters of credit and parental/affiliate guarantees may be obtained as security from counterparties in order to mitigate credit risk. The collateral agreements require a counterparty to post cash or letters of credit in the event an exposure exceeds the established threshold. The threshold represents an unsecured credit limit which may be supported by a parental/affiliate guaranty, as determined in accordance with AEP's credit policy. In addition, collateral agreements allow for termination and liquidation of all positions in the event of a failure or inability to post collateral.

Collateral Triggering Events

 

Under the tariffs of the RTOs and Independent System Operators (ISOs) and a limited number of derivative and non-derivative contracts primarily related to competitive retail auction loads, the Registrant Subsidiaries are obligated to post an additional amount of collateral if certain credit ratings decline below investment grade. The amount of collateral required fluctuates based on market prices and total exposure. On an ongoing basis, AEP's risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these collateral triggering items in contracts. The Registrant Subsidiaries have not experienced a downgrade below investment grade. The following tables represent: (a) the Registrant Subsidiaries' fair values of such derivative contracts, (b) the amount of collateral the Registrant Subsidiaries would have been required to post for all derivative and non-derivative contracts if credit ratings of the Registrant Subsidiaries had declined below investment grade and (c) how much was attributable to RTO and ISO activities as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

    March 31, 2014
    Liabilities for Amount of Collateral the Amount
    Derivative Contracts Registrant Subsidiaries Attributable to
    with Credit Would Have Been RTO and ISO
 Company Downgrade Triggers Required to Post Activities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 285 $ 5,254 $ 4,774
 I&M   190   3,560   3,238
 OPCo   78   -   -
 PSO   132   4,156   -
 SWEPCo   167   145   -

    December 31, 2013
    Liabilities for Amount of Collateral the Amount
    Derivative Contracts Registrant Subsidiaries Attributable to
    with Credit  Would Have Been RTO and ISO
 Company Downgrade Triggers Required to Post Activities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 575 $ 2,747 $ 2,539
 I&M   390   1,863   1,722
 OPCo   349   -   -
 PSO   -   2,930   410
 SWEPCo   -   713   519

In addition, a majority of the Registrant Subsidiaries' non-exchange traded commodity contracts contain cross-default provisions that, if triggered, would permit the counterparty to declare a default and require settlement of the outstanding payable. These cross-default provisions could be triggered if there was a non-performance event by Parent or the obligor under outstanding debt or a third party obligation in excess of $50 million. On an ongoing basis, AEP's risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these cross-default provisions in the contracts. The following tables represent: (a) the fair value of these derivative liabilities subject to cross-default provisions prior to consideration of contractual netting arrangements, (b) the amount this exposure has been reduced by cash collateral posted by the Registrant Subsidiaries and (c) if a cross-default provision would have been triggered, the settlement amount that would be required after considering the Registrant Subsidiaries' contractual netting arrangements as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

    March 31, 2014
    Liabilities for   Additional
    Contracts with Cross   Settlement
    Default Provisions   Liability if Cross
    Prior to Contractual Amount of Cash Default Provision
 Company Netting Arrangements Collateral Posted is Triggered
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 16,375 $ - $ 12,865
 I&M   11,107   -   8,726
 OPCo   -   -   -
 PSO   -   -   -
 SWEPCo   -   -   -
            
    December 31, 2013
    Liabilities for   Additional
    Contracts with Cross   Settlement
    Default Provisions   Liability if Cross
    Prior to Contractual Amount of Cash Default Provision
 Company Netting Arrangements Collateral Posted is Triggered
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 19,648 $ - $ 18,568
 I&M   13,326   -   12,594
 OPCo   -   -   -
 PSO   3   -   3
 SWEPCo   3   -   3
Southwestern Electric Power Co [Member]
 
Derivatives and Hedging

8. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING

 

OBJECTIVES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries are exposed to certain market risks as major power producers and marketers of wholesale electricity, natural gas, coal and emission allowances. These risks include commodity price risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and, to a lesser extent, foreign currency exchange risk. These risks represent the risk of loss that may impact the Registrant Subsidiaries due to changes in the underlying market prices or rates. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, manages these risks using derivative instruments.

STRATEGIES FOR UTILIZATION OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS TO ACHIEVE OBJECTIVES

 

Risk Management Strategies

 

The strategy surrounding the use of derivative instruments primarily focuses on managing risk exposures, future cash flows and creating value utilizing both economic and formal hedging strategies. The risk management strategies also include the use of derivative instruments for trading purposes, focusing on seizing market opportunities to create value driven by expected changes in the market prices of the commodities in which AEPSC transacts on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries. To accomplish these objectives, AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, primarily employs risk management contracts including physical and financial forward purchase-and-sale contracts and, to a lesser extent, OTC swaps and options. Not all risk management contracts meet the definition of a derivative under the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative risk management contracts elected normal under the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception are not subject to the requirements of this accounting guidance.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into power, coal, natural gas, interest rate and, to a lesser extent, heating oil, gasoline and other commodity contracts to manage the risk associated with the energy business. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into interest rate derivative contracts in order to manage the interest rate exposure associated with the Registrant Subsidiaries' commodity portfolio. For disclosure purposes, such risks are grouped as “Commodity,” as these risks are related to energy risk management activities. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, also engages in risk management of interest rate risk associated with debt financing and foreign currency risk associated with future purchase obligations denominated in foreign currencies. For disclosure purposes, these risks are grouped as “Interest Rate and Foreign Currency.” The amount of risk taken is determined by the Commercial Operations and Finance groups in accordance with established risk management policies as approved by the Finance Committee of AEP's Board of Directors.

 

The following tables represent the gross notional volume of the Registrant Subsidiaries' outstanding derivative contracts as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

Notional Volume of Derivative Instruments
March 31, 2014
                    
Primary Risk Unit of               
Exposure Measure APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
Commodity:                 
 Power MWhs   29,680   19,636   12,108   9,251   11,716
 Coal Tons   186   2,666   -   750   1,292
 Natural Gas MMBtus   1,934   1,312   -   -   -
 Heating Oil and                 
  Gasoline Gallons   792   379   806   446   508
 Interest Rate USD $ 10,877 $ 7,378 $ - $ - $ -
                    
Interest Rate and                 
 Foreign Currency USD $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
                    
Notional Volume of Derivative Instruments
December 31, 2013
                    
Primary Risk Unit of               
Exposure Measure APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
      (in thousands)
Commodity:                 
 Power MWhs   48,995   33,231   34,843   13,469   17,057
 Coal Tons   31   3,389   -   1,013   1,692
 Natural Gas MMBtus   2,477   1,680   -   -   -
 Heating Oil and                 
  Gasoline Gallons   1,089   521   1,108   614   699
 Interest Rate USD $ 12,720 $ 8,627 $ - $ - $ -
                    
Interest Rate and                 
 Foreign Currency USD $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into interest rate derivative transactions as part of an overall strategy to manage the mix of fixed-rate and floating-rate debt. Certain interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify an exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of fixed-rate debt to a floating rate. Provided specific criteria are met, these interest rate derivatives are designated as fair value hedges.

Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into and designates as cash flow hedges certain derivative transactions for the purchase and sale of power and natural gas (“Commodity”) in order to manage the variable price risk related to the forecasted purchase and sale of these commodities. Management monitors the potential impacts of commodity price changes and, where appropriate, enters into derivative transactions to protect profit margins for a portion of future electricity sales and fuel or energy purchases. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all commodity price risk.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries' vehicle fleet is exposed to gasoline and diesel fuel price volatility. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into financial heating oil and gasoline derivative contracts in order to mitigate price risk of future fuel purchases. Cash flow hedge accounting for these derivative contracts was discontinued effective March 31, 2014. During the three months ended March 31, 2013, the Registrant Subsidiaries designated financial heating oil and gasoline derivatives as cash flow hedges. For disclosure purposes, these contracts were included with other hedging activities as “Commodity” as of December 31, 2013. As of March 31, 2014, these contracts will be grouped as “Commodity” with other risk management activities. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all fuel price risk.

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, enters into a variety of interest rate derivative transactions in order to manage interest rate risk exposure. Some interest rate derivative transactions effectively modify exposure to interest rate risk by converting a portion of floating-rate debt to a fixed rate. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, also enters into interest rate derivative contracts to manage interest rate exposure related to future borrowings of fixed-rate debt. The forecasted fixed-rate debt offerings have a high probability of occurrence as the proceeds will be used to fund existing debt maturities and projected capital expenditures. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all interest rate exposure.

 

At times, the Registrant Subsidiaries are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risks primarily when some fixed assets are purchased from foreign suppliers. In accordance with AEP's risk management policy, AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, may enter into foreign currency derivative transactions to protect against the risk of increased cash outflows resulting from a foreign currency's appreciation against the dollar. The Registrant Subsidiaries do not hedge all foreign currency exposure.

ACCOUNTING FOR DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND THE IMPACT ON THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging” requires recognition of all qualifying derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the condensed balance sheet at fair value. The fair values of derivative instruments accounted for using MTM accounting or hedge accounting are based on exchange prices and broker quotes. If a quoted market price is not available, the estimate of fair value is based on the best information available including valuation models that estimate future energy prices based on existing market and broker quotes, supply and demand market data and assumptions. In order to determine the relevant fair values of the derivative instruments, the Registrant Subsidiaries also apply valuation adjustments for discounting, liquidity and credit quality.

 

Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will fail to perform on the contract or fail to pay amounts due. Liquidity risk represents the risk that imperfections in the market will cause the price to vary from estimated fair value based upon prevailing market supply and demand conditions. Since energy markets are imperfect and volatile, there are inherent risks related to the underlying assumptions in models used to fair value risk management contracts. Unforeseen events may cause reasonable price curves to differ from actual price curves throughout a contract's term and at the time a contract settles. Consequently, there could be significant adverse or favorable effects on future net income and cash flows if market prices are not consistent with management's estimates of current market consensus for forward prices in the current period. This is particularly true for longer term contracts. Cash flows may vary based on market conditions, margin requirements and the timing of settlement of risk management contracts.

 

According to the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging,” the Registrant Subsidiaries reflect the fair values of derivative instruments subject to netting agreements with the same counterparty net of related cash collateral. For certain risk management contracts, the Registrant Subsidiaries are required to post or receive cash collateral based on third party contractual agreements and risk profiles. For the March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 condensed balance sheets, the Registrant Subsidiaries netted cash collateral received from third parties against short-term and long-term risk management assets and cash collateral paid to third parties against short-term and long-term risk management liabilities as follows:

    March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
    Cash Collateral Cash Collateral Cash Collateral Cash Collateral
    Received Paid Received Paid
    Netted Against Netted Against Netted Against Netted Against
    Risk Management Risk Management Risk Management Risk Management
 Company Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 32 $ 1,362 $ - $ 2,993
 I&M   21   924   -   2,030
 OPCo   3   -   -   -
 PSO   1   -   -   1
 SWEPCo   2   -   -   3

The following tables represent the gross fair value of the Registrant Subsidiaries' derivative activity on the condensed balance sheets as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

SWEPCo                  
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
March 31, 2014
                    
  Risk     Gross Amounts Gross Net Amounts of
  Management     of Risk Amounts Assets/Liabilities
  Contracts Hedging Contracts Management Offset in the Presented in the
       Interest Rate Assets/ Statement of Statement of
      and Foreign Liabilities Financial Financial
Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Recognized Position (b) Position (c)
                    
  (in thousands)
Current Risk Management Assets $2,080 $- $- $2,080 $(173) $1,907
Long-term Risk Management Assets  -  -  -  -  -  -
Total Assets  2,080  -  -  2,080  (173)  1,907
                   
Current Risk Management Liabilities  171  -  -  171  (171)  -
Long-term Risk Management Liabilities  -  -  -  -  -  -
Total Liabilities  171  -  -  171  (171)  -
                   
Total MTM Derivative Contract Net                  
 Assets (Liabilities) $1,909 $- $- $1,909 $(2) $1,907
                   
SWEPCo                  
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
December 31, 2013
                    
  Risk     Gross Amounts Gross Net Amounts of
  Management     of Risk Amounts Assets/Liabilities
  Contracts Hedging Contracts Management Offset in the Presented in the
       Interest Rate Assets/ Statement of Statement of
      and Foreign Liabilities Financial Financial
Balance Sheet Location Commodity (a) Commodity (a) Currency (a) Recognized Position (b) Position (c)
                    
  (in thousands)
Current Risk Management Assets $1,233 $97 $- $1,330 $(151) $1,179
Long-term Risk Management Assets  -  -  -  -  -  -
Total Assets  1,233  97  -  1,330  (151)  1,179
                   
Current Risk Management Liabilities  154  -  -  154  (154)  -
Long-term Risk Management Liabilities  -  -  -  -  -  -
Total Liabilities  154  -  -  154  (154)  -
                   
Total MTM Derivative Contract Net                  
 Assets (Liabilities) $1,079 $97 $- $1,176 $3 $1,179

(a)       Derivative instruments within these categories are reported gross. These instruments are subject to master netting agreements and are presented on the condensed balance sheets on a net basis in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging."

(b)       Amounts include counterparty netting of risk management and hedging contracts and associated cash collateral in accordance with the accounting guidance for "Derivatives and Hedging."

(c)       There are no derivative contracts subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement which are not offset in the statement of financial position.

The tables below present the Registrant Subsidiaries' activity of derivative risk management contracts for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013:

 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2014
  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
     (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 4,847 $ 6,156 $ - $ 64 $ 23
 Sales to AEP Affiliates   -   (221)   -   221   -
 Regulatory Assets (a)   4   -   -   2   3
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   32,332   18,317   35,099   480   1,330
 Total Gain on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 37,183 $ 24,252 $ 35,099 $ 767 $ 1,356
                   
 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized on
 Risk Management Contracts
 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
  
 Location of Gain (Loss) APCo I&M OPCo PSO SWEPCo
     (in thousands)
 Electric Generation, Transmission and               
  Distribution Revenues $ 679 $ 4,947 $ 1,714 $ 47 $ 28
 Regulatory Assets (a)   -   486   (1,205)   2,010   271
 Regulatory Liabilities (a)   (466)   (5,182)   -   1   96
 Total Gain on Risk Management               
  Contracts $ 213 $ 251 $ 509 $ 2,058 $ 395
                   
 (a) Represents realized and unrealized gains and losses subject to regulatory accounting treatment recorded as either current
    or noncurrent on the condensed balance sheets. 

Certain qualifying derivative instruments have been designated as normal purchase or normal sale contracts, as provided in the accounting guidance for “Derivatives and Hedging.” Derivative contracts that have been designated as normal purchases or normal sales under that accounting guidance are not subject to MTM accounting treatment and are recognized on the condensed statements of income on an accrual basis.

 

The accounting for the changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it qualifies for and has been designated as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship. Depending on the exposure, management designates a hedging instrument as a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge.

 

For contracts that have not been designated as part of a hedging relationship, the accounting for changes in fair value depends on whether the derivative instrument is held for trading purposes. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments held for trading purposes are included in revenues on a net basis on the condensed statements of income. Unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments not held for trading purposes are included in revenues or expenses on the condensed statements of income depending on the relevant facts and circumstances. However, unrealized and some realized gains and losses in regulated jurisdictions for both trading and non-trading derivative instruments are recorded as regulatory assets (for losses) or regulatory liabilities (for gains) in accordance with the accounting guidance for “Regulated Operations.”

Accounting for Fair Value Hedging Strategies

 

For fair value hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability or an identified portion thereof attributable to a particular risk), the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item associated with the hedged risk impacts Net Income during the period of change.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries record realized and unrealized gains or losses on interest rate swaps that qualify for fair value hedge accounting treatment and any offsetting changes in the fair value of the debt being hedged in Interest Expense on the condensed statements of income. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, the Registrant Subsidiaries did not designate any fair value hedging strategies.

Accounting for Cash Flow Hedging Strategies

 

For cash flow hedges (i.e. hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk), the Registrant Subsidiaries initially report the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets until the period the hedged item affects Net Income. The Registrant Subsidiaries recognize any hedge ineffectiveness in Net Income immediately during the period of change, except in regulated jurisdictions where hedge ineffectiveness is recorded as a regulatory asset (for losses) or a regulatory liability (for gains).

 

Realized gains and losses on derivative contracts for the purchase and sale of power, coal and natural gas designated as cash flow hedges are included in Revenues, Fuel and Other Consumables Used for Electric Generation or Purchased Electricity for Resale on the condensed statements of income, or in Regulatory Assets or Regulatory Liabilities on the condensed balance sheets, depending on the specific nature of the risk being hedged. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, APCo, I&M and OPCo designated power, coal and natural gas derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries reclassify gains and losses on heating oil and gasoline derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets into Other Operation expense, Maintenance expense or Depreciation and Amortization expense, as it relates to capital projects, on the condensed statements of income. During the three months ended March 31, 2013, the Registrant Subsidiaries designated heating oil and gasoline derivatives as cash flow hedges. Cash flow hedge accounting for these derivative contracts was discontinued effective March 31, 2014.

 

The Registrant Subsidiaries reclassify gains and losses on interest rate derivative hedges related to debt financings from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets into Interest Expense on the condensed statements of income in those periods in which hedged interest payments occur. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, I&M designated interest rate derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

The accumulated gains or losses related to foreign currency hedges are reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets into Depreciation and Amortization expense on the condensed statements of income over the depreciable lives of the fixed assets designated as the hedged items in qualifying foreign currency hedging relationships. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, the Registrant Subsidiaries did not designate any foreign currency derivatives as cash flow hedges.

 

During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, hedge ineffectiveness was immaterial or nonexistent for all of the hedge strategies disclosed above.

 

For details on designated, effective cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets and the reasons for changes in cash flow hedges for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, see Note 3.

Cash flow hedges included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the condensed balance sheets as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 were:

 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Registrant Subsidiaries’
 Condensed Balance Sheets
 March 31, 2014
  
    Hedging Assets (a) Hedging Liabilities (a) AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax
      Interest Rate   Interest Rate   Interest Rate
      and Foreign    and Foreign    and Foreign
 Company Commodity Currency Commodity Currency Commodity Currency
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 209 $ - $ 75 $ - $ 87 $ 3,343
 I&M   142   -   51   -   61   (15,566)
 OPCo   -   -   -   -   -   6,631
 PSO   -   -   -   -   -   5,512
 SWEPCo   -   -   -   -   -   (12,736)

    Expected to be Reclassified to   
    Net Income During the Next   
    Twelve Months   
        Maximum Term for
      Interest Rate Exposure to
      and Foreign  Variability of Future
 Company Commodity Currency Cash Flows
    (in thousands) (in months)
 APCo $ 87 $ (682)   2
 I&M   61   (1,426)   2
 OPCo   -   1,372   -
 PSO   -   759   -
 SWEPCo   -   (2,267)   -

 Impact of Cash Flow Hedges on the Registrant Subsidiaries’
 Condensed Balance Sheets
 December 31, 2013
  
    Hedging Assets (a) Hedging Liabilities (a) AOCI Gain (Loss) Net of Tax
      Interest Rate   Interest Rate   Interest Rate
      and Foreign    and Foreign    and Foreign
 Company Commodity Currency Commodity Currency Commodity Currency
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 363 $ - $ 287 $ - $ 94 $ 3,090
 I&M   216   -   194   -   46   (15,976)
 OPCo   162   -   -   -   105   6,974
 PSO   84   -   -   -   57   5,701
 SWEPCo   97   -   -   -   66   (13,304)

    Expected to be Reclassified to 
    Net Income During the Next 
    Twelve Months 
      Interest Rate 
      and Foreign  
 Company Commodity Currency 
    (in thousands) 
 APCo $ 94 $ (806) 
 I&M   46   (1,568) 
 OPCo   105   1,363 
 PSO   57   759 
 SWEPCo   66   (2,267) 

(a)       Hedging Assets and Hedging Liabilities are included in Risk Management Assets and Liabilities on the condensed balance sheets.

 

The actual amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to Net Income can differ from the estimate above due to market price changes.

Credit Risk

 

AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, limits credit risk in their wholesale marketing and trading activities by assessing the creditworthiness of potential counterparties before entering into transactions with them and continuing to evaluate their creditworthiness on an ongoing basis. AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, uses Moody's, Standard and Poor's and current market-based qualitative and quantitative data as well as financial statements to assess the financial health of counterparties on an ongoing basis.

 

When AEPSC, on behalf of the Registrant Subsidiaries, uses standardized master agreements, these agreements may include collateral requirements. These master agreements facilitate the netting of cash flows associated with a single counterparty. Cash, letters of credit and parental/affiliate guarantees may be obtained as security from counterparties in order to mitigate credit risk. The collateral agreements require a counterparty to post cash or letters of credit in the event an exposure exceeds the established threshold. The threshold represents an unsecured credit limit which may be supported by a parental/affiliate guaranty, as determined in accordance with AEP's credit policy. In addition, collateral agreements allow for termination and liquidation of all positions in the event of a failure or inability to post collateral.

Collateral Triggering Events

 

Under the tariffs of the RTOs and Independent System Operators (ISOs) and a limited number of derivative and non-derivative contracts primarily related to competitive retail auction loads, the Registrant Subsidiaries are obligated to post an additional amount of collateral if certain credit ratings decline below investment grade. The amount of collateral required fluctuates based on market prices and total exposure. On an ongoing basis, AEP's risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these collateral triggering items in contracts. The Registrant Subsidiaries have not experienced a downgrade below investment grade. The following tables represent: (a) the Registrant Subsidiaries' fair values of such derivative contracts, (b) the amount of collateral the Registrant Subsidiaries would have been required to post for all derivative and non-derivative contracts if credit ratings of the Registrant Subsidiaries had declined below investment grade and (c) how much was attributable to RTO and ISO activities as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

    March 31, 2014
    Liabilities for Amount of Collateral the Amount
    Derivative Contracts Registrant Subsidiaries Attributable to
    with Credit Would Have Been RTO and ISO
 Company Downgrade Triggers Required to Post Activities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 285 $ 5,254 $ 4,774
 I&M   190   3,560   3,238
 OPCo   78   -   -
 PSO   132   4,156   -
 SWEPCo   167   145   -

    December 31, 2013
    Liabilities for Amount of Collateral the Amount
    Derivative Contracts Registrant Subsidiaries Attributable to
    with Credit  Would Have Been RTO and ISO
 Company Downgrade Triggers Required to Post Activities
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 575 $ 2,747 $ 2,539
 I&M   390   1,863   1,722
 OPCo   349   -   -
 PSO   -   2,930   410
 SWEPCo   -   713   519

In addition, a majority of the Registrant Subsidiaries' non-exchange traded commodity contracts contain cross-default provisions that, if triggered, would permit the counterparty to declare a default and require settlement of the outstanding payable. These cross-default provisions could be triggered if there was a non-performance event by Parent or the obligor under outstanding debt or a third party obligation in excess of $50 million. On an ongoing basis, AEP's risk management organization assesses the appropriateness of these cross-default provisions in the contracts. The following tables represent: (a) the fair value of these derivative liabilities subject to cross-default provisions prior to consideration of contractual netting arrangements, (b) the amount this exposure has been reduced by cash collateral posted by the Registrant Subsidiaries and (c) if a cross-default provision would have been triggered, the settlement amount that would be required after considering the Registrant Subsidiaries' contractual netting arrangements as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:

    March 31, 2014
    Liabilities for   Additional
    Contracts with Cross   Settlement
    Default Provisions   Liability if Cross
    Prior to Contractual Amount of Cash Default Provision
 Company Netting Arrangements Collateral Posted is Triggered
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 16,375 $ - $ 12,865
 I&M   11,107   -   8,726
 OPCo   -   -   -
 PSO   -   -   -
 SWEPCo   -   -   -
            
    December 31, 2013
    Liabilities for   Additional
    Contracts with Cross   Settlement
    Default Provisions   Liability if Cross
    Prior to Contractual Amount of Cash Default Provision
 Company Netting Arrangements Collateral Posted is Triggered
    (in thousands)
 APCo $ 19,648 $ - $ 18,568
 I&M   13,326   -   12,594
 OPCo   -   -   -
 PSO   3   -   3
 SWEPCo   3   -   3