Note 3:

Revenue Recognition

Effective April 1, 2018, the Company adopted new revenue recognition accounting guidance using the modified-retrospective transition method and, as a result, recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment to increase retained earnings by $0.7 million. The Company’s consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 reflect the adoption of this new guidance; however, the comparable prior-year periods have not been recast. See Note 1 for additional information regarding the adjustments to the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of April 1, 2018.

The Company generates revenue from selling innovative thermal management products and solutions to diversified global markets and customers. The Company recognizes revenue based upon consideration specified in a contract and as it satisfies performance obligations by transferring control over its products to its customers, which may be at a point in time or over time. The majority of the Company’s revenue is recognized at a point in time, based upon shipment terms. The Company records an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated uncollectible receivables and accrues for estimated warranty costs at the time of sale. These estimates are based upon historical experience, current business trends, and current economic conditions. The Company accounts for shipping and handling activities as fulfilment costs rather than separate performance obligations, and records shipping and handling costs in cost of sales and related amounts billed to customers in net sales. The Company establishes payment terms with its customers based upon industry and regional practices, which typically do not exceed 90 days. As the Company expects to receive payment from its customers within one year from the time of sale, it disregards the effects of the time value of money in its determination of the transaction price. The Company has not disclosed the value of unsatisfied performance obligations because the revenue associated with customer contracts for which the original expected performance period is greater than one year is immaterial.

The following is a description of the Company’s principal revenue-generating activities:

Vehicular Thermal Solutions (“VTS”)

The VTS segment principally generates revenue from providing engineered heat transfer systems and components for use in on- and off-highway original equipment. This segment provides powertrain and engine cooling products, including, but not limited to, radiators, charge air coolers, condensers, oil coolers, EGR coolers, and fuel coolers, to original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) in the automotive, commercial vehicle, and off-highway markets in the Americas, Europe, and Asia regions. In addition, the VTS segment designs customer-owned tooling for OEMs and also serves Brazil’s automotive and commercial vehicle aftermarkets.

While the VTS segment provides customized production and service parts to customers under multi-year programs, these programs typically do not contain contractually-guaranteed volumes to be purchased by the customer. As a result, individual purchase orders typically represent the quantities ordered by the customer. With the exception of a small number of VTS customers, the terms within the customer agreement, purchase order, or customer-owned tooling contract do not provide the Company with an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. As a result, the VTS segment recognizes revenue primarily at the time control is transferred to the customer based upon shipping terms, which is generally upon shipment.

In regard to VTS customers with contractual cancellation terms that provide an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date, the Company recognizes revenue over time based upon its estimated progress towards satisfaction of the performance obligations. The VTS segment measures progress by evaluating the production status of ordered products not yet shipped to the customer.

For certain customer programs, the Company agrees to provide annual price reductions based upon contract terms. For these scheduled price reductions, the Company evaluates whether the provisions represent a material right to the customer, and if so, defers associated revenue as a result.

At times, the Company makes up-front incentive payments to certain customers related to future sales under multi-year programs. The Company capitalizes these incentive payments, which it expects to recover through future sales, and amortizes the assets as a reduction to revenue when the related products are sold to customers.

Commercial and Industrial Solutions (“CIS”)

The CIS segment principally generates revenue from providing thermal management products, including customized coils and coolers, to the heating, ventilating, air conditioning, and refrigeration (“HVAC&R”) markets in North America, Europe, and Asia. In addition, the segment applies corrosion protection solutions, which are referred to as coatings, to heat-transfer equipment.

For the sale of coils and coolers, individual customer purchase orders generally represent the Company’s contract with its customers. With the exception of a small number of customers, the applicable customer contracts do not provide the Company with an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. As a result, the CIS segment recognizes revenue for its sale of coils and coolers primarily at the time control is transferred to the customer based upon shipping terms, which is generally upon shipment.

For both sales to customers whose contract cancellation terms provide an enforceable right to payment and sales from the coatings businesses, in which the customers control the heat-transfer equipment being enhanced by the coating application, the CIS segment recognizes revenue over time based upon its estimated progress towards satisfaction of the performance obligations. The segment measures progress by evaluating the production status towards completion of ordered products or services not yet shipped to its customers.

Building HVAC Systems (“BHVAC”)

The BHVAC segment principally generates revenue from providing a variety of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning products, primarily for commercial buildings and related applications in North America and the U.K., as well as mainland Europe and the Middle East.

Heating products are manufactured in the U.S. and are generally sold to independent distributors, who in turn market the heating products to end customers. Because these products are sold to many different customers without contractual or practical limitations, the BHVAC segment recognizes revenue at the time control is transferred to the customer, generally the independent distributor, based upon shipping terms, which is generally upon shipment.

Ventilation and air conditioning products are highly-specified to a customer’s needs; however, the underlying sales contracts do not provide the Company with an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. As a result, the BHVAC segment recognizes revenue for these products at the time control is transferred to the customer based upon shipping terms, which is generally upon shipment.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The table below presents revenue to external customers for each of the Company’s business segments by primary end market, by geographic location and based upon the timing of revenue recognition:

	Year ended March 31, 2019
	VTS		CIS		BHVAC		Segment Total
Primary end market:
Automotive	$	542.8	$	-	$	-	$	542.8
Commercial vehicle		387.6		-		-		387.6
Off-highway		314.1		-		-		314.1
Commercial HVAC&R		-		506.3		167.7		674.0
Data center cooling		-		145.7		41.3		187.0
Industrial cooling		-		47.8		-		47.8
Other		107.2		7.8		3.4		118.4
Net sales	$	1,351.7	$	707.6	$	212.4	$	2,271.7

Geographic location:
Americas	$	613.7	$	413.6	$	124.9	$	1,152.2
Europe		538.2		244.8		87.5		870.5
Asia		199.8		49.2		-		249.0
Net sales	$	1,351.7	$	707.6	$	212.4	$	2,271.7

Timing of revenue recognition:
Products transferred at a point in time	$	1,308.5	$	571.1	$	212.4	$	2,092.0
Products transferred over time		43.2		136.5		-		179.7
Net sales	$	1,351.7	$	707.6	$	212.4	$	2,271.7

Contract Balances

Contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers were as follows:

	March 31, 2019		March 31, 2018
Contract assets	$	22.6	$	13.5
Contract liabilities		4.0		6.8

Contract assets, included within other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets, primarily consist of capitalized costs related to customer-owned tooling contracts, wherein the customer has guaranteed reimbursement, and assets recorded for revenue recognized over time, which represent the Company’s rights to consideration for work completed but not yet billed. The $9.1 million increase in contract assets during fiscal 2019 was primarily related to contract assets totaling $7.4 million as of March 31, 2019 for revenue recognized over time, which were recorded as a result of the Company’s adoption of the new revenue recognition accounting guidance, and customer-owned tooling contracts, under which more costs were capitalized than reimbursed.

Contract liabilities, included within other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, consist of payments received in advance of satisfying performance obligations under customer contracts, including contracts for customer-owned tooling. The $2.8 million decrease in contract liabilities during fiscal 2019 was primarily due to the Company’s satisfaction of performance obligations under customer contracts for which payment had been received in advance.

Impacts of Adopting New Accounting Guidance

The impacts from the adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance to the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the year ended March 31, 2019 and its consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2019 were as follows:

	Year ended March 31, 2019
	As Reported		Impact of New Accounting Guidance			Results Without Impact of New Accounting Guidance
Net sales	$	2,212.7	$	(4.4	)	$	2,208.3
Net earnings attributable to Modine		84.8		(2.0	)		82.8

Net earnings per share attributable to Modine shareholders:
Basic	$	1.67	$	(0.04	)	$	1.63
Diluted		1.65		(0.04	)		1.61

	March 31, 2019
	As Reported		Impact of New Accounting Guidance			Balances Without Impact of New Accounting Guidance
ASSETS
Inventories	$	200.7	$	3.8		$	204.5
Other current assets		65.8		(7.4	)		58.4
Deferred income taxes		97.1		0.6			97.7

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Deferred income taxes	$	8.2	$	(0.3	)	$	7.9
Retained earnings		472.1		(2.7	)		469.4